Navigation » List of Schools » West Los Angeles College » Physiology » Physiology 101 – Introduction to Human Physiology » Fall 2020 » Lecture Exam 2(C)
Below are the questions for the exam with the choices of answers:
Question #1
A cataract.
B glaucoma.
C hyperopia.
D myopia.
E presbyopia.
Question #2
A activation of the sympathetic nervous system.
B dilation of the pupil.
C increased rounding of the cornea.
D flatteningof the lens.
E contraction of the ciliary muscles.
Question #3
A Sound
B Pressure
C pain
D Proprioception
E Vision
F Cold and warmth
Question #4
A activation of her parasympathetic nerves causes sudden contraction of her ciliary muscles.
B activation of her parasympathetic nerves inhibits contraction of her ciliary muscles.
C activation of her sympathetic nerves causes sudden contraction of her ciliary muscles.
D activation of her sympathetic nerves inhibits contraction of her ciliary muscles.
E she suddenly develops presbyopia.
Question #5
A is located in the axon hillock.
B is found in the soma of the neuron
C is where action potentials are first generated.
D contains ligand-gated channels
E contains voltage-gated channels.
Question #6
A Sensory information that leads to conscious awareness of the stimulus is called transduction.
B The term “sensory unit” refers to a group of receptors that receive a particular stimulus and the afferent neuron associated with those receptors.
C Some sensory receptors are modifications of the peripheral endings of efferent neurons.
D The term “adequate stimulus” means that a stimulus is strong enough to be detected.
E All sensory information that reaches the brain can be experienced as a conscious sensation.
Question #7
A mechanoreceptor
B thermoreceptor
C photoreceptor
D chemoreceptor
Question #8
A 1,4,8,7,3,2,5,6,9,10
B 1,4,7,8,3,2,6,5,9,10
C 1,3,2,6,5,9,10,4,8,7
D 1,3,2,5,7,6,8,4,9,10
Question #9
A Parietal lobe association area
B Primary Visual cortex
C Primary Auditory cortex
D Occipital lobe association area
E Somatosensory cortex
Question #10
A inhibits muscle tone throughout the body.
B controls thirst, urine output, and food intake.
C secretes hormones
D is a relay station for sensory input on its way to the cerebral cortex.
E functions as the body’s thermostat
F plays a role in emotional and behavioral patterns.
Question #11
A FALSE
B TRUE
Question #12
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #13
A 1, 2, 3, 5, 4
B 2, 1, 5, 4, 3
C 5, 4, 3, 1, 2
D 3, 1, 4, 5, 2
E 1, 4, 3, 2, 5
Question #14
A They integrate multiple types of sensory information and are responsible for complex processing of sensory information.
B They are the cortical locations where primary sensory information first arrives from specific ascending pathways.
C They are all found in the parietal lobe of the cerebral cortex.
D Their main input is sensory information arriving along neurons that project directly from the thalamus.
E They are found deep in the cerebrum, surrounding the thalamus.
Question #15
A serotonin
B histamine
C acetylcholine
D norepinephrine
Question #16
A dopamine
B acetylcholine
C histamine
D serotonin
Question #17
A serotonin
B norepinephrine
C acetylcholine
D histamine
Question #18
A acetylcholine
B histamine
C dopamine
D norepinephrine
Question #19
A dopamine
B norepinephrine
C acetylcholine
D serotonin
Question #20
A relay messages from the brain down to the spinal cord to efferent neurons.
B carry impulses from the periphery to the CNS.
C are part of the peripheral nervous system.
D transmit signals derived from afferent receptors up the spinal cord to the brain.
E carry impulses from the CNS to the periphery.
Question #21
A They make synapses on effector organs in the PNS.
B They deliver synaptic input on other neurons.
C They can transmit information between afferent neurons and efferent neurons.
D They receive synaptic input from other neurons in the CNS.
E They sum excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs.
Question #22
A They can be graded and vary with stimulus strength.
B They generally occur at the axon hillock of afferent neurons.
C They are action potentials.
D They propagate without decrement.
E They always trigger action potentials.
Question #23
A It maintains a concentration gradient for K + such that diffusion forces favor movement of K + into the cell.
B It pumps 3 Na + ions into the cell for every 2 K + ions it pumps out.
C It generates a small electrical potential such that the inside of a neuron is made negative with respect to the outside.
D It transports equal numbers of sodium and potassium ions with each pump cycle.
E It maintains an electrical gradient at the equilibrium potential of K +.
Question #24
A when stimulated send impulses both to the limbic system and to the cortex for perception of smell.
B are specialized endings of afferent neurons called chemoreceptors
C are replaced by cells known as basal cells.
D bind chemicals called odorants
Question #25
A The plasma membrane is completely impermeable to sodium ions.
B The plasma membrane is completely impermeable to potassium ions.
C The concentration of sodium ion is greater inside the cell than outside.
D The plasma membrane is most permeable to sodium ions.
E The permeability of the plasma membrane to potassium ions is much greater than its permeability to sodium ions.
Question #26
A trigger an excitatory postsynaptic potential.
B depolarize a dendrite.
C be conducted to the axon hillock.
D trigger an action potential.
E cause a change in membrane potential.
Question #27
A Conversion of the energy of a stimulus into a pattern of electrical activity
B A depolarization of receptive membrane that increase in magnitude as the stimulus intensity increases
C Information from sensory receptorsreaches the cerebral cortex and the person becomes aware of it
D A decrease in receptor sensitivity despite continuation of a stimulus
E Persistence of the sensation of a limb even after it has been severed from the body
Question #28
A increased neurotransmitter release from the synaptic terminal of the photoreceptor.
B decreased depolarization of the photoreceptor’s plasma membrane
C closure of Na+ channels and decreased Na+ flow into the photoreceptor
D bleaching of opsin.
E excitation of bipolar cells
Question #29
A Retraction
B Reflection
C Deflection
D Refraction
Question #30
A It requires ions to be distributed unevenly across the plasma membrane of a cell.
B It has the same value in all cells.
C It is not altered by changing concentration gradients of permeating ions.
D It is oriented so that the cell’s interior is negative with respect to the extracellular fluid.
E Only nerve and muscle cells have a potential difference across the membrane at rest.
F in neurons, it is created mainly by potassium ion leakage
Question #31
A somatic, catalyst
B horizontal, inner
C bipolar, ganglion
Question #32
A movement of the basilar membrane relative to the tectorial.
B movement of the tectorial membrane relative to the vestibular
C increased fluid pressure against the cochlear duct by the fluid of the scala vestibuli
D the hairs of the receptor cells of the Organ of Corti to be bent
E displacement of the round window, which dissipates pressure in the cochlea.
Question #33
A Mitochondria
B Pituitary gland
C Hypothalamus
D Pineal gland
Question #34
A The graded potential
B The exocytosis of neurotransmitter
C The depolarization phase of the action potential
D All of these will not occur
E The repolarization phase of the action potential
Question #35
A All of the answer choices are correct.
B The breakdown of chemicals within the pepper causes exothermic reactions in the mouth.
C Chemoreceptors can activate heat sensing parts of the brain.
D A chemical within the jalepeño acts as a stimulus for thermoreceptors.
E Friction while chewing activates thermoreceptors.
Question #36
A FALSE
B TRUE
Question #37
A K+ leak channels.
B Na+ voltage-gated channels.
C Na+/K+ pumps.
D Na+ leak channels
Question #38
A frontal lobes of the cerebral cortex
B somatosensory cortex
C limbic system
D temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex
E occipital lobes of the cerebral cortex
Question #39
A FALSE
B TRUE
Question #40
A both afferent neurons converge on the same interneuron.
B both pens are activating the same receptor.
C both sensations are grouped together in the somatosensory cortex.
D the receptors in both skin areas utilize the same afferent neuron.
Question #41
A FALSE
B TRUE
Question #42
A The patient would perceive a general sensation all over the body.
B The patient would perceive nothing.
C The patient would perceive a specific, localized sensation in one body area.
D The patient would perceive a general sensation over one side of the body.
Question #43
A Loss of pain in the right foot
B Loss of both pressure sense and pain in the right foot
C Loss of pain in the left foot
Question #44
A equal to the equilibrium potential for sodium.
B more positive than the equilibrium potential for potassium.
C slightly more negative than the equilibrium potential of potassium ion.
D equal to the equilibrium potential for potassium.
E more positive than the equilibrium potential for sodium.
Question #45
A nicotinic
B adrenergic
C muscarinic
Question #46
A photoreceptor
B nociceptor
C chemoreceptor
D thermoreceptor
Question #47
A thermoreceptor
B nociceptor
C mechanoreceptor
D chemoreceptor
Question #48
A chemoreceptor
B photoreceptor
C nociceptor
D thermoreceptor
Question #49
A photoreceptor
B chemoreceptor
C mechanoreceptor
D thermoreceptor
Question #50
A thermoreceptor
B chemoreceptor
C photoreceptor
D nociceptor
Question #51
A photoreceptor
B chemoreceptor
C thermoreceptor
D nociceptor
Question #52
A the otic ganglia are found near the parotid gland
B Long parasympathetic preganglionic fibers end at the terminal ganglia, which lie in or near the effector organ.
C Terminal ganglia give rise to sympathetic neurons
D Terminal ganglia lie in a chain located along either side of the spinal cord.
E The terminal ganglia contain muscarinic receptors.
F Terminal ganglia are the final common pathway for the autonomic nervous system.
Question #53
A
B control of breathing, circulation, and digestion.
C final sensory perception
D language ability
E personality traits.
F voluntary initiation of movement.
Question #54
A bind with norepinephrine released from sympathetic postganglionic fibers.
B bind acetylcholine released from both sympathetic and parasympathetic postganglionic fibers.
C are found primarily in the heart.
D bind acetylcholine released from both sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic fibers.
E bind acetylcholine released from parasympathetic preganglionic fibers.
Question #55
A cingulate gyrus
B putamen
C mammilary body
D substantia nigra
E caudate nucleus
F globus pallidus
Question #56
A the dorsal root conducts motor information
B the ventral root contains axons of afferent, sensory neurons
C afferent, sensory neurons are unipolar neurons with cell bodies located in the dorsal root ganglion
D spinal nerves are for the conduction of motor information only
Question #57
A amygdala.
B primary visual cortex
C mammillary body.
D cingulate gyrus.
E hippocampus.
F olfactory bulb
Question #58
A is a direct result of the opening of ligand-gated channels permeable to both Na + and K + ions in the pre-synaptic cell
B occurs when voltage-gated Cl- channels open in a postsynaptic cell membrane.
C opens voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels in the presynaptic membrane.
D stabilizes the membrane to remain at its resting potential.
E is a direct result of the opening of voltage-gated channels permeable to Na + ions in the post-synaptic cell
Question #59
A There are normally four different photopigments in the retina.
B There are two basic types of photoreceptors in the retina, rods, and cones.
C There are four different opsins in the retina.
D There are four different chromophore moleculesin the retina.
E Photoreceptors are neurons.
Question #60
A sympathetic
B assympathetic
C parasympathetic
D parassympathetic
Question #61
A The photoreceptor cells are stimulated and fireaction potentials.
B There is an increase in neurotransmitter release from photoreceptor cells.
C The photoreceptor cell membranebecomes depolarized.
D The chromophore retinal undergoes a change of shape.
E The concentration of cyclic GMP inside cells increases.
Question #62
A the posterior column
B anterior spinothalmic tract
C medial leminscus tract
D spinocerebellar tract
E lateral corticospinal tract
Question #63
A always results in muscle contraction
B is comprised of lower motor neurons controlled by upper motor neurons arising from the motor cortex
C is comprised of lower motor neurons controlled by local circuit neurons and upper motor neurons arising from the cerebellum
D is comprised of lower motor neurons controlled by local circuit neurons
E occurs in unmyelinated nerve fibers.
Question #64
A nictonic motor neurons
B delta motor neurons
C upper motor neurons
D lower motor neurons
E gamma motor neurons
Question #65
A 1, 4, 7, 2, 3, 9, 6, 5, 8
B 1, 7, 4, 6, 3, 2, 9, 8, 5
C 1, 4, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 8, 7
D 1, 4, 7, 2, 3, 6, 9, 8, 5
Question #66
A Black, White
B Gray, White
C Brown, Gray
D White, Gray
Question #67
A iris
B ciliary muscle
C retina
D cornea
E lens
Question #68
A No light will enter the eye and blindness will result
B Distance vision (e.g., reading a street sign)
C Both near and distance vision are fine, but changing back and forth between them becomes difficult
D Both near and distance vision are compromised
E Near vision (e.g., reading a book)