Navigation » List of Schools » West Los Angeles College » Physiology » Physiology 101 – Introduction to Human Physiology » Fall 2020 » Lecture Exam 2 (B)
Below are the questions for the exam with the choices of answers:
Question #1
A 1, 4, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 8, 7
B 1, 7, 4, 6, 3, 2, 9, 8, 5
C 1, 4, 7, 2, 3, 9, 6, 5, 8
D 1, 4, 7, 2, 3, 6, 9, 8, 5
Question #2
A They sum excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs.
B They make synapses on effector organs in the PNS.
C They receive synaptic input from other neurons in the CNS.
D They can transmit information between afferent neurons and efferent neurons.
E They deliver synaptic input on other neurons.
Question #3
A The repolarization phase of the action potential
B All of these will not occur
C The graded potential
D The depolarization phase of the action potential
E The exocytosis of neurotransmitter
Question #4
A horizontal, inner
B bipolar, ganglion
C somatic, catalyst
Question #5
A White, Gray
B Gray, White
C Black, White
D Brown, Gray
Question #6
A FALSE
B TRUE
Question #7
A Primary Visual cortex
B Parietal lobe association area
C Somatosensory cortex
D Occipital lobe association area
E Primary Auditory cortex
Question #8
A contraction of the ciliary muscles.
B increased rounding of the cornea.
C dilation of the pupil.
D activation of the sympathetic nervous system.
E flatteningof the lens.
Question #9
A 1,3,2,5,7,6,8,4,9,10
B 1,4,8,7,3,2,5,6,9,10
C 1,4,7,8,3,2,6,5,9,10
D 1,3,2,6,5,9,10,4,8,7
Question #10
A Cold and warmth
B Sound
C pain
D Vision
E Proprioception
F Pressure
Question #11
A cause a change in membrane potential.
B trigger an action potential.
C depolarize a dendrite.
D be conducted to the axon hillock.
E trigger an excitatory postsynaptic potential.
Question #12
A Refraction
B Retraction
C Deflection
D Reflection
Question #13
A Myopia is a condition in which the lens focuses light from distant objects behind the retina.
B Cataract is an increase in opacity (clouding) of the lens.
C The cornea refracts light rays more strongly than the lens.
D Presbyopia is a condition in which the lens cannot accommodate adequately for near vision.
E The image of an object that is focused on the retina is upside down relative to the object’s actual position in space.
Question #14
A caudate nucleus
B putamen
C cingulate gyrus
D globus pallidus
E substantia nigra
F mammilary body
Question #15
A the receptors in both skin areas utilize the same afferent neuron.
B both afferent neurons converge on the same interneuron.
C both pens are activating the same receptor.
D both sensations are grouped together in the somatosensory cortex.
Question #16
A carry impulses from the CNS to the periphery.
B carry impulses from the periphery to the CNS.
C are part of the peripheral nervous system.
D relay messages from the brain down to the spinal cord to efferent neurons.
E transmit signals derived from afferent receptors up the spinal cord to the brain.
Question #17
A secretes hormones
B functions as the body’s thermostat
C controls thirst, urine output, and food intake.
D inhibits muscle tone throughout the body.
E plays a role in emotional and behavioral patterns.
F is a relay station for sensory input on its way to the cerebral cortex.
Question #18
A ciliary muscle
B retina
C iris
D cornea
E lens
Question #19
A occurs in unmyelinated nerve fibers.
B is comprised of lower motor neurons controlled by upper motor neurons arising from the motor cortex
C is comprised of lower motor neurons controlled by local circuit neurons
D is comprised of lower motor neurons controlled by local circuit neurons and upper motor neurons arising from the cerebellum
E always results in muscle contraction
Question #20
A histamine
B acetylcholine
C serotonin
D norepinephrine
Question #21
A serotonin
B acetylcholine
C dopamine
D histamine
Question #22
A serotonin
B acetylcholine
C norepinephrine
D histamine
Question #23
A acetylcholine
B dopamine
C norepinephrine
D histamine
Question #24
A norepinephrine
B serotonin
C dopamine
D acetylcholine
Question #25
A Information from sensory receptorsreaches the cerebral cortex and the person becomes aware of it
B Persistence of the sensation of a limb even after it has been severed from the body
C A decrease in receptor sensitivity despite continuation of a stimulus
D A depolarization of receptive membrane that increase in magnitude as the stimulus intensity increases
E Conversion of the energy of a stimulus into a pattern of electrical activity
Question #26
A photoreceptor
B thermoreceptor
C chemoreceptor
D nociceptor
Question #27
A mechanoreceptor
B nociceptor
C thermoreceptor
D chemoreceptor
Question #28
A photoreceptor
B thermoreceptor
C nociceptor
D chemoreceptor
Question #29
A photoreceptor
B thermoreceptor
C mechanoreceptor
D chemoreceptor
Question #30
A photoreceptor
B nociceptor
C thermoreceptor
D chemoreceptor
Question #31
A chemoreceptor
B thermoreceptor
C photoreceptor
D nociceptor
Question #32
A The breakdown of chemicals within the pepper causes exothermic reactions in the mouth.
B All of the answer choices are correct.
C Chemoreceptors can activate heat sensing parts of the brain.
D Friction while chewing activates thermoreceptors.
E A chemical within the jalepeño acts as a stimulus for thermoreceptors.
Question #33
A There are two basic types of photoreceptors in the retina, rods, and cones.
B Photoreceptors are neurons.
C There are normally four different photopigments in the retina.
D There are four different chromophore moleculesin the retina.
E There are four different opsins in the retina.
Question #34
A lateral corticospinal tract
B anterior spinothalmic tract
C medial leminscus tract
D the posterior column
E spinocerebellar tract
Question #35
A occipital lobes of the cerebral cortex
B temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex
C somatosensory cortex
D limbic system
E frontal lobes of the cerebral cortex
Question #36
A K+ leak channels.
B Na+ leak channels
C Na+ voltage-gated channels.
D Na+/K+ pumps.
Question #37
A parasympathetic
B assympathetic
C sympathetic
D parassympathetic
Question #38
A Some sensory receptors are modifications of the peripheral endings of efferent neurons.
B Sensory information that leads to conscious awareness of the stimulus is called transduction.
C All sensory information that reaches the brain can be experienced as a conscious sensation.
D The term “adequate stimulus” means that a stimulus is strong enough to be detected.
E The term “sensory unit” refers to a group of receptors that receive a particular stimulus and the afferent neuron associated with those receptors.
Question #39
A chemoreceptor
B mechanoreceptor
C thermoreceptor
D photoreceptor
Question #40
A equal to the equilibrium potential for potassium.
B more positive than the equilibrium potential for sodium.
C equal to the equilibrium potential for sodium.
D slightly more negative than the equilibrium potential of potassium ion.
E more positive than the equilibrium potential for potassium.
Question #41
A 3, 1, 4, 5, 2
B 1, 2, 3, 5, 4
C 5, 4, 3, 1, 2
D 2, 1, 5, 4, 3
E 1, 4, 3, 2, 5
Question #42
A the otic ganglia are found near the parotid gland
B Terminal ganglia are the final common pathway for the autonomic nervous system.
C Terminal ganglia lie in a chain located along either side of the spinal cord.
D Terminal ganglia give rise to sympathetic neurons
E Long parasympathetic preganglionic fibers end at the terminal ganglia, which lie in or near the effector organ.
F The terminal ganglia contain muscarinic receptors.
Question #43
A The patient would perceive a general sensation all over the body.
B The patient would perceive nothing.
C The patient would perceive a specific, localized sensation in one body area.
D The patient would perceive a general sensation over one side of the body.
Question #44
A Pituitary gland
B Mitochondria
C Hypothalamus
D Pineal gland
Question #45
A No light will enter the eye and blindness will result
B Near vision (e.g., reading a book)
C Both near and distance vision are compromised
D Distance vision (e.g., reading a street sign)
E Both near and distance vision are fine, but changing back and forth between them becomes difficult
Question #46
A It transports equal numbers of sodium and potassium ions with each pump cycle.
B It generates a small electrical potential such that the inside of a neuron is made negative with respect to the outside.
C It maintains a concentration gradient for K + such that diffusion forces favor movement of K + into the cell.
D It maintains an electrical gradient at the equilibrium potential of K +.
E It pumps 3 Na + ions into the cell for every 2 K + ions it pumps out.
Question #47
A in neurons, it is created mainly by potassium ion leakage
B It requires ions to be distributed unevenly across the plasma membrane of a cell.
C It is not altered by changing concentration gradients of permeating ions.
D Only nerve and muscle cells have a potential difference across the membrane at rest.
E It has the same value in all cells.
F It is oriented so that the cell’s interior is negative with respect to the extracellular fluid.
Question #48
A gamma motor neurons
B upper motor neurons
C nictonic motor neurons
D delta motor neurons
E lower motor neurons
Question #49
A amygdala.
B olfactory bulb
C mammillary body.
D hippocampus.
E primary visual cortex
F cingulate gyrus.
Question #50
A They generally occur at the axon hillock of afferent neurons.
B They propagate without decrement.
C They are action potentials.
D They always trigger action potentials.
E They can be graded and vary with stimulus strength.
Question #51
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #52
A is where action potentials are first generated.
B is found in the soma of the neuron
C contains ligand-gated channels
D contains voltage-gated channels.
E is located in the axon hillock.
Question #53
A FALSE
B TRUE
Question #54
A adrenergic
B muscarinic
C nicotinic
Question #55
A The plasma membrane is completely impermeable to sodium ions.
B The plasma membrane is completely impermeable to potassium ions.
C The permeability of the plasma membrane to potassium ions is much greater than its permeability to sodium ions.
D The plasma membrane is most permeable to sodium ions.
E The concentration of sodium ion is greater inside the cell than outside.
Question #56
A myopia.
B glaucoma.
C hyperopia.
D presbyopia.
E cataract.
Question #57
A FALSE
B TRUE
Question #58
A are specialized endings of afferent neurons called chemoreceptors
B when stimulated send impulses both to the limbic system and to the cortex for perception of smell.
C are replaced by cells known as basal cells.
D bind chemicals called odorants
Question #59
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #60
A plays a role in controlling eye movement together with the inner ear.
B contains numerous nuclei connected by a network of white matter tracts.
C is important for the maintenance of balance.
D compares the intentions of the higher motor centers with the performance of the muscles and corrects this information resulting in coordinated muscle movements
E can be consciously controlled.
Question #61
A activation of her sympathetic nerves inhibits contraction of her ciliary muscles.
B she suddenly develops presbyopia.
C activation of her parasympathetic nerves causes sudden contraction of her ciliary muscles.
D activation of her sympathetic nerves causes sudden contraction of her ciliary muscles.
E activation of her parasympathetic nerves inhibits contraction of her ciliary muscles.
Question #62
A they secrete dopamine
B their activity is influenced by upper motor neurons
C they exit from the anterior gray horn
D they are part of the final common pathway
E they are also known as somatic motor neurons
F they can excite or inhibit skeletal muscles
Question #63
A excitation of bipolar cells
B bleaching of opsin.
C closure of Na+ channels and decreased Na+ flow into the photoreceptor
D increased neurotransmitter release from the synaptic terminal of the photoreceptor.
E decreased depolarization of the photoreceptor’s plasma membrane
Question #64
A the dorsal root conducts motor information
B the ventral root contains axons of afferent, sensory neurons
C afferent, sensory neurons are unipolar neurons with cell bodies located in the dorsal root ganglion
D spinal nerves are for the conduction of motor information only
Question #65
A are found primarily in the heart.
B bind acetylcholine released from both sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic fibers.
C bind with norepinephrine released from sympathetic postganglionic fibers.
D bind acetylcholine released from parasympathetic preganglionic fibers.
E bind acetylcholine released from both sympathetic and parasympathetic postganglionic fibers.
Question #66
A Nociceptors
B Proprioceptors
C Mechanoreceptors
D Chemoreceptors
E Photoreceptors
Question #67
A The concentration of cyclic GMP inside cells increases.
B There is an increase in neurotransmitter release from photoreceptor cells.
C The photoreceptor cell membranebecomes depolarized.
D The photoreceptor cells are stimulated and fireaction potentials.
E The chromophore retinal undergoes a change of shape.
Question #68
A Loss of pain in the right foot
B Loss of both pressure sense and pain in the right foot
C Loss of pain in the left foot
Question #69
A displacement of the round window, which dissipates pressure in the cochlea.
B movement of the basilar membrane relative to the tectorial.
C increased fluid pressure against the cochlear duct by the fluid of the scala vestibuli
D movement of the tectorial membrane relative to the vestibular
E the hairs of the receptor cells of the Organ of Corti to be bent