Exam 3

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Question #1

According to affect control theory, which of the following defendants in a criminal court case would receive the most lenient punishment or sentence?

A a defendant who confessed to the crime and showed no remorse

B O.J. Simpson

C a defendant who confessed to the crime and showed a great deal of remorse

D a defendant who confessed to the crime and showed a ittle but not a lot of remorse

Question #2

According to Lazarus, a ____ appraisal which occurs after some reflection, involves an estimate of whether one can do anything to cope with a potential stressor.

A tertiary

B primary

C stimulus

D secondary

Question #3

According to attributional analysis of emotion, attributing a negative outcome to an external and controllable cause generates the emotional reaction of:

A anger

B pity

C guilt

D fear

Question #4

The number of different emotions a person can distinguish within his or her own expereince is called?

A attribution of emotions

B emotion knowledge

C appraisal

D emotion complexity

Question #5

According to Lazarus, a ____ appraisal, which occurs immediately following stimulus exposure, involves an estimate of whether one has anything at sake in the stimulus encounter

A Secondary

B Stimulus

C Tertiary

D Primary

Question #6

Lazarus’ Theory of emotion is a cognitive-motivational-relational one. What does it mean to say that the theory is “relational?” Relational means that emotion arises from one’s relationship:

A with on-going motivational states

B with the significant people in one’s life.

C with other people

D to environmental threats and benefits

Question #7

Which of the following sequence of events best describes Arnold’s appraisal view of emotion?

A Emotion – action – appraisal

B Appraisal – emotion – action

C Action – emotion – appraisal

D Emotion – appraisal – action

Question #8

The Differential Emotions Theory gets its name from the observation that all emotions

A can be differentiated from feelings and moods

B can be arranged in a hierarchy according to their tone

C serve a unique, or different, function

D are blends of basic, or differential, microexperience

Question #9

According to research on the weak version of the facial feedback hypothesis, which of the following conclusions is most valid?

A the contribution of facial feedback to emotional experience is small, relative to other factors

B suppressing facial feedback can suppress an emotional reaction

C exaggerating facial feedback can exaggerate an emotional reaction

D all of the above

Question #10

The facial feedback hypothesis

A asserts that emotion arises from proprioceptive feedback from facial behavior

B explains how infants communicate their feelings to adults

C has been shown to be false

D is a cognitive theory of emotion

Question #11

Which of the following emotions is activated by a decreased rate of neural firing?

A joy

B disgust

C embarassment

D distress

Question #12

Which of the following emotions is not activated by an increased rate of neural firing?

A fear

B anger

C surprise

D interest

Question #13

Which of the following best reflects the James-Lange Theory of emotion?

A I see a dog, I feel fear, and the my heart races

B I see a dog, I appraise the situation as potentially harmful, I feel fear, and then my heart races.

C I see a dog, I feel fear, relief replaces fear, and then relief fades away

D I see a dog, my heart races, and then I feel fear

Question #14

Compared to people in neural moods, people who feel good (i.e., experience positive effect);

A are less competitive and more individualistic;

B have greater access in memory to happy thoughts and positive memories.

C provide more detailed answers to solve or answer problems

D experience greater self consciousness and care markedly about what others think of their performances

Question #15

Under the infuence of positive affect, people are significantly more likely to:

A help a stranger in distress

B donate money to charity

C solve problems in a creative way

D initiate conversations with other people

E all of the above

Question #16

The ___ emotion arises primarily from experiences of separation and failure

A disgust

B anger

C sadness

D fear

Question #17

According to the text, ____ is potentially the most dangerous emotion, as its functional prupose is to destroy barriers in one’s environment

A sadness

B fear

C disgust

D anger

Question #18

____ is the most prevalent emotion in daily functioning

A disgust

B anger

C sadness

D interest

Question #19

The function of ___ is rejection

A anger

B disgust

C sadness

D fear

Question #20

____ motivates defensive behavior. It acts as a warning signal to forthcoming harm

A disgust

B anger

C sadness

D fear

Question #21

In the discussion on the cognition vs. biology debate on emotion, lecture stated that:

A more evidence supports the cognitive view

B more evidence supports the biological view

C both views are correct, but they emphasize different aspects of the emotion process

D neither view is correct

Question #22

Which of the following group of theorists would be most likely to agree with this statement: “Before emotion can occur, a person engages in a meaningful interpretation of the event to evaluate its importance or relevance to personal well being

A Biological emotion researchers only

B Both biological and cognitive emotion researchers

C Cognitive emotion researchers only

D Neither biological nor cognitive emotion researchers

Question #23

The ____ component of emotion gives emotion its cognitive or mental aspect?

A feelings

B sense of purpose

C bodily arousal

D significant life event

Question #24

Which of the following is NOT on of the 4 core components of emotion?

A bodily arousal

B significant life event

C feelings

D sense of purpose

Question #25

Attaining ___ goals provides the person with psychological needs that create satisfying experiences and positive well-being

A self consistent

B self-schema

C self-concordant

D self-dissonant

Question #26

Self perception theory is more applicable to situation in which people’s attitudes are initially ____ while cognitive dissonance theory is more applicable to situation in which people’s attitudes are initially ____

A negative; positive

B positive; negative

C vague, ambiguous, and weak; clear, salient and strong

D clear, salient, and strong; vague, ambiguous and weak.

Question #27

The initiation rituals in a group such as the military, fraternity, and athletic teams increase liking from their group members. Initiation rituals increase liking by capitalizing on what dissonance-arousing process

A choice

B effort justification

C insufficient information

D new information

Question #28

Intrinsic motivation and the psychological needs of autonomy and competence are inseparably associated with the self’s:

A self-concept

B identity

C domain-specific elf-schemas

D agency

Question #29

According to the affect control theory, a major component is:

A Deeply felt emotional reaction to a given situation

B a dynamic entity with a past, present and future

C cultural defined identity

D the emotional reaction that mostly occurs for an individual

Question #30

Which of the following events combine to begin the self-verification process

A midly self-discrepant feedback combined with moderate self-concept certainty

B strongly self-discrepant feedback combined with moderate self-concept certainty

C strongly self-discrepant feedback combined with low-self concept certainty

D midly self-discrepant feedback combined with low self-concept certainty

Question #31

Which people receive disrepant (inconsistent) self concept information, a predictable set of questions arises. Which of the following is NOT one of those questions?

A Will this same information occur again?

B is the information important, or relevant, to me?

C is the information valid?

D Is the source of the information trustworthy?

Question #32

A ____ represents te present state of the self concept; where as ___ represents the future, desired state of the self-concept

A self-striving; possible self

B self-schema; possible self

C self schema; ideal self

D possible self; self-schema

Question #33

The self-concept is

A an unconscious process based in ego-based motivational concerns

B a reflection of the person’s interpersonal relationships

C a collection of domain-specific self-schemas

D psychological needs, including autonomy, competence and relatedness

Question #34

_____ are cognitive generalizations about the self that are domain specific and learned from past experience.

A fundamental views

B ego identity status

C self-schemas

D possible selves

Question #35

The problem with placing too much emphasis on self-esteem in a motivational analysis of behavior is that:

A self-esteem is too difficult to measure to be treated as a scientific construct

B self-esteem changes and varies too much with situational events

C no program yet exists to show how self-esteem can be increased

D ther are almost no scientific findings that self-esteem causes anything at all

Question #36

The book and lecture state that the self has 3 fundamental motivational tasks to pursue and solve. Which of the following is NOT one of those tasks?

A define and create the self

B discover and develop the self’s potential

C increase and maintain self-esteem

D relate the self to society

Question #37

Which of the following is considered a core dimension of psychological well-being

A autonomy

B self-acceptance

C self-esteem

D all of the above

Question #38

Hope emerges out of a two-part cognitive motivational system involving

A goal-setting and implementation intentions

B self-efficacy and mastery motivation

C helplessness and reactance

D self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation

Question #39

An optimistic explaatory style is asociated with each of the following EXCEPT:

A good mental health

B narcissism

C an illusion of control

D An internal attribution for failure

Question #40

The illusion of control is an attributional phenomenon, that, over time, fosters

A a pessimistic explanatory style

B an optimistic explanatory style

C extrinsic motivation

D learned helplessness

Question #41

Pessimistic explanatory style has been linked to

A social distress

B academic failure

C health status

D all of the above

Question #42

A ___ refers to a hardy, resistant portrayal of the self during encounters of failure

A reactance motivational orientation

B fundamental attribution style

C mastery motivational orientation

D fundamental motivational orientation

Question #43

When people suffer motivational, cognitive and emotional deficits following repeated experience with uncontrollable outcomes, they are likely to experience:

A major depression

B low self-efficacy

C reactance

D learned helplessness

Question #44

In addressing the question whether learned helplessness deficits occur because of uncontrollability or unpredictability, the text and lecture state that:

A outcome predictability is just as important as outcome controllability

B outcome predictability is more important than outcome controllability

C outcome controllability is more important as outcome predictability

D none of the above

Question #45

During failure feedback, mastery-oriented individuals generally focus on

A their bad luck

B their low ability

C how much they would benefit from assistance

D how they can remedy (or fix) the failure by seeint it as constructive

Question #46

In the experiment with the dogs in the suttle box discussed in class, dogs in the ____ condition during phase 1 of the experiment were able to learn how to escape the shock in phase 2

A inescapable shock

B escapable shock

C noise

D aversive shock

Question #47

The opposite of self-efficacy is:

A helplessness

B apathy

C low self-esteem

D doubt

Question #48

The antecedent that most strongly determines the strength of a person’s efficacy expectation is

A vicarious experience

B peroanal behavior history

C verbal persuasion

D physiological state

Question #49

A(n) ______ expectation is a person’s estimate of how likely it is that he or she can act in a particular way; whereas a(n) ______ expectation is a person’s estimate of how likely certain outcomes once the person carries out that behavior.

A efficacy; outcome

B outcome; efficacy

C effort; antecedent

D antecedent; effort

Question #50

According to the study of effective self-regulation, people can acquire, develop, and master complex skills quickly and masterfully if they have:

A mixture of both performance-approach and performance-avoidance goals

B observation of an expert model to imitate

C high cognitive dissonance

D advice to “visualize success”

Question #51

Which of the following statements best reflects an effective implementation intention?

A “If I realy believe in my goal and rehearse it coming true, I will be able to attain it”

B “When I create choices among my goals, I will have the flexibility to change and succeed.”

C “When I encounter situation X, I will do behavior Y”

D “If I focus clearly on my goal, I will be able to attain it”

Question #52

Implementation intentions are effective in goal-setting pursuits because they:

A promote performance-approach goals and minimize performance-avoidance goals

B create energy and direction for behavior that plans and goals cannot generate

C help people against falling victim to volitional problems

D none of the above

Question #53

Specific, difficult, and challenging goals enhance performance, but an additional variable that is crucial to allow goals to translate into effective performance is:

A extrinsic motivation

B concrete intentions

C internal attributions of success

D feedback

Question #54

Discrepancy reduction corresponds to _____-based motivation: discrepancy reaction corresponds to ____-based motivation.

A approach; avoidance

B goal; plan

C plan; goal

D avoidance; approach

Question #55

When the present state (one’s current GPA) falls short of one’s hoped for state (one’s wished for GPA), what sort of motivational construct comes into existence

A dissonance

B discrepancy

C arousal

D difference

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