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Lecture Exam 2 (A)

Navigation   » List of Schools  »  West Los Angeles College  »  Physiology  »  Physiology 101 – Introduction to Human Physiology  »  Fall 2020  »  Lecture Exam 2 (A)

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Below are the questions for the exam with the choices of answers:

Question #2
A  Persistence of the sensation of a limb even after it has been severed from the body
B  Conversion of the energy of a stimulus into a pattern of electrical activity
C  Information from sensory receptorsreaches the cerebral cortex and the person becomes aware of it
D  A decrease in receptor sensitivity despite continuation of a stimulus
E  A depolarization of receptive membrane that increase in magnitude as the stimulus intensity increases
Question #4
A  Cold and warmth
B  Pressure
C  Proprioception
D  Vision
E  pain
F  Sound
Question #5
A  The permeability of the plasma membrane to potassium ions is much greater than its permeability to sodium ions.
B  The concentration of sodium ion is greater inside the cell than outside.
C  The plasma membrane is completely impermeable to sodium ions.
D  The plasma membrane is completely impermeable to potassium ions.
E  The plasma membrane is most permeable to sodium ions.
Question #6
A  is a direct result of the opening of ligand-gated channels permeable to both Na + and K + ions in the pre-synaptic cell
B  stabilizes the membrane to remain at its resting potential.
C  is a direct result of the opening of voltage-gated channels permeable to Na + ions in the post-synaptic cell
D  occurs when voltage-gated Cl- channels open in a postsynaptic cell membrane.
E  opens voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels in the presynaptic membrane.
Question #7
A  is where action potentials are first generated.
B  is found in the soma of the neuron
C  contains voltage-gated channels.
D  contains ligand-gated channels
E  is located in the axon hillock.
Question #8
A  serotonin
B  norepinephrine
C  acetylcholine
D  histamine
Question #9
A  acetylcholine
B  serotonin
C  histamine
D  dopamine
Question #10
A  acetylcholine
B  serotonin
C  histamine
D  norepinephrine
Question #11
A  histamine
B  dopamine
C  norepinephrine
D  acetylcholine
Question #12
A  dopamine
B  norepinephrine
C  serotonin
D  acetylcholine
Question #13
A  somatosensory cortex
B  frontal lobes of the cerebral cortex
C  temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex
D  limbic system
E  occipital lobes of the cerebral cortex
Question #14
A  in neurons, it is created mainly by potassium ion leakage
B  It is oriented so that the cell’s interior is negative with respect to the extracellular fluid.
C  Only nerve and muscle cells have a potential difference across the membrane at rest.
D  It has the same value in all cells.
E  It is not altered by changing concentration gradients of permeating ions.
F  It requires ions to be distributed unevenly across the plasma membrane of a cell.
Question #15
A  Near vision (e.g., reading a book)
B  Both near and distance vision are fine, but changing back and forth between them becomes difficult
C  No light will enter the eye and blindness will result
D  Distance vision (e.g., reading a street sign)
E  Both near and distance vision are compromised
Question #17
A  final sensory perception
B    
C  control of breathing, circulation, and digestion.
D  voluntary initiation of movement.
E  language ability
F  personality traits.
Question #18
A  Mitochondria
B  Pineal gland
C  Pituitary gland
D  Hypothalamus
Question #19
A  Retraction
B  Reflection
C  Deflection
D  Refraction
Question #20
A  Long parasympathetic preganglionic fibers end at the terminal ganglia, which lie in or near the effector organ.
B  Terminal ganglia lie in a chain located along either side of the spinal cord.
C  Terminal ganglia give rise to sympathetic neurons
D  The terminal ganglia contain muscarinic receptors.
E  Terminal ganglia are the final common pathway for the autonomic nervous system.
F  the otic ganglia are found near the parotid gland
Question #21
A  bind acetylcholine released from parasympathetic preganglionic fibers.
B  bind acetylcholine released from both sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic fibers.
C  bind with norepinephrine released from sympathetic postganglionic fibers.
D  are found primarily in the heart.
E  bind acetylcholine released from both sympathetic and parasympathetic postganglionic fibers.
Question #23
A  presbyopia.
B  glaucoma.
C  cataract.
D  myopia.
E  hyperopia.
Question #24
A  are part of the peripheral nervous system.
B  relay messages from the brain down to the spinal cord to efferent neurons.
C  carry impulses from the periphery to the CNS.
D  transmit signals derived from afferent receptors up the spinal cord to the brain.
E  carry impulses from the CNS to the periphery.
Question #25
A  Parietal lobe association area
B  Primary Auditory cortex
C  Somatosensory cortex
D  Occipital lobe association area
E  Primary Visual cortex
Question #28
A  chemoreceptor
B  photoreceptor
C  mechanoreceptor
D  thermoreceptor
Question #29
A  is located in the axon hillock.
B  contains ligand-gated channels
C  contains voltage-gated channels.
D  is where action potentials are first generated.
E  is found in the soma of the neuron
Question #30
A  flatteningof the lens.
B  increased rounding of the cornea.
C  activation of the sympathetic nervous system.
D  dilation of the pupil.
E  contraction of the ciliary muscles.
Question #31
A  inhibits muscle tone throughout the body.
B  plays a role in emotional and behavioral patterns.
C  is a relay station for sensory input on its way to the cerebral cortex.
D  controls thirst, urine output, and food intake.
E  secretes hormones
F  functions as the body’s thermostat
Question #32
A  both afferent neurons converge on the same interneuron.
B  both sensations are grouped together in the somatosensory cortex.
C  both pens are activating the same receptor.
D  the receptors in both skin areas utilize the same afferent neuron.
Question #33
A  Mechanoreceptors
B  Chemoreceptors
C  Photoreceptors
D  Nociceptors
E  Proprioceptors
Question #34
A  bind chemicals called odorants
B  are replaced by cells known as basal cells.
C  are specialized endings of afferent neurons called chemoreceptors
D  when stimulated send impulses both to the limbic system and to the cortex for perception of smell.
Question #35
A  chemoreceptor
B  thermoreceptor
C  photoreceptor
D  nociceptor
Question #36
A  thermoreceptor
B  chemoreceptor
C  mechanoreceptor
D  nociceptor
Question #37
A  nociceptor
B  photoreceptor
C  thermoreceptor
D  chemoreceptor
Question #38
A  photoreceptor
B  mechanoreceptor
C  chemoreceptor
D  thermoreceptor
Question #39
A  photoreceptor
B  thermoreceptor
C  chemoreceptor
D  nociceptor
Question #40
A  chemoreceptor
B  thermoreceptor
C  nociceptor
D  photoreceptor
Question #41
A  They deliver synaptic input on other neurons.
B  They receive synaptic input from other neurons in the CNS.
C  They can transmit information between afferent neurons and efferent neurons.
D  They sum excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs.
E  They make synapses on effector organs in the PNS.
Question #42
A  can take up excess neurotransmitters
B  physically support neurons.
C  are part of the blood-brain barrier.
D  produce the CSF
E  produce myelin
F  are important in the repair of brain injuries and in neural scar formation.
Question #43
A  They are action potentials.
B  They propagate without decrement.
C  They always trigger action potentials.
D  They generally occur at the axon hillock of afferent neurons.
E  They can be graded and vary with stimulus strength.
Question #44
A  cause a change in membrane potential.
B  depolarize a dendrite.
C  be conducted to the axon hillock.
D  trigger an excitatory postsynaptic potential.
E  trigger an action potential.
Question #46
A  she suddenly develops presbyopia.
B  activation of her parasympathetic nerves inhibits contraction of her ciliary muscles.
C  activation of her sympathetic nerves causes sudden contraction of her ciliary muscles.
D  activation of her parasympathetic nerves causes sudden contraction of her ciliary muscles.
E  activation of her sympathetic nerves inhibits contraction of her ciliary muscles.
Question #47
A  Their main input is sensory information arriving along neurons that project directly from the thalamus.
B  They are all found in the parietal lobe of the cerebral cortex.
C  They are found deep in the cerebrum, surrounding the thalamus.
D  They integrate multiple types of sensory information and are responsible for complex processing of sensory information.
E  They are the cortical locations where primary sensory information first arrives from specific ascending pathways.
Question #48
A  always results in muscle contraction
B  is comprised of lower motor neurons controlled by local circuit neurons
C  is comprised of lower motor neurons controlled by upper motor neurons arising from the motor cortex
D  occurs in unmyelinated nerve fibers.
E  is comprised of lower motor neurons controlled by local circuit neurons and upper motor neurons arising from the cerebellum
Question #49
A  K+ leak channels.
B  Na+ voltage-gated channels.
C  Na+/K+ pumps.
D  Na+ leak channels
Question #50
A  The photoreceptor cell membranebecomes depolarized.
B  The chromophore retinal undergoes a change of shape.
C  The photoreceptor cells are stimulated and fireaction potentials.
D  There is an increase in neurotransmitter release from photoreceptor cells.
E  The concentration of cyclic GMP inside cells increases.
Question #52
A  movement of the basilar membrane relative to the tectorial.
B  increased fluid pressure against the cochlear duct by the fluid of the scala vestibuli
C  the hairs of the receptor cells of the Organ of Corti to be bent
D  movement of the tectorial membrane relative to the vestibular
E  displacement of the round window, which dissipates pressure in the cochlea.
Question #53
A  mammilary body
B  globus pallidus
C  caudate nucleus
D  cingulate gyrus
E  putamen
F  substantia nigra
Question #55
A  spinocerebellar tract
B  lateral corticospinal tract
C  medial leminscus tract
D  anterior spinothalmic tract
E  the posterior column
Question #57
A  All of these will not occur
B  The graded potential
C  The exocytosis of neurotransmitter
D  The repolarization phase of the action potential
E  The depolarization phase of the action potential
Question #58
A  Myopia is a condition in which the lens focuses light from distant objects behind the retina.
B  The image of an object that is focused on the retina is upside down relative to the object’s actual position in space.
C  Cataract is an increase in opacity (clouding) of the lens.
D  The cornea refracts light rays more strongly than the lens.
E  Presbyopia is a condition in which the lens cannot accommodate adequately for near vision.
Question #59
A  the ventral root contains axons of afferent, sensory neurons
B  spinal nerves are for the conduction of motor information only
C  the dorsal root conducts motor information
D  afferent, sensory neurons are unipolar neurons with cell bodies located in the dorsal root ganglion
Question #60
A  they secrete dopamine
B  they exit from the anterior gray horn
C  they are also known as somatic motor neurons
D  they are part of the final common pathway
E  they can excite or inhibit skeletal muscles
F  their activity is influenced by upper motor neurons
Question #61
A  It maintains an electrical gradient at the equilibrium potential of K +.
B  It generates a small electrical potential such that the inside of a neuron is made negative with respect to the outside.
C  It transports equal numbers of sodium and potassium ions with each pump cycle.
D  It pumps 3 Na + ions into the cell for every 2 K + ions it pumps out.
E  It maintains a concentration gradient for K + such that diffusion forces favor movement of K + into the cell.