Lecture Exam 1 (A)

A  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

B  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

C  Transcription of DNA into RNA

D  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

E  Generation of ATP

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Substance X will diffuse faster.

B  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

C  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

B  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

C  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

D  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

E  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It will shrink in size.

B  It will swell in size.

C  It will stay the same size.

D  The result can’t be predicted

A  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

B  may open in response to binding a ligand.

C  are nonspecific.

D  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

E  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

A  It is an amphipathic molecule.

B  It is a polar molecule.

C  It is a nonpolar molecule.

A  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

B  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

C  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

D  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

E  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

A  ribosomes

B  endosomes

C  mitochondria

D  peroxisomes

E  lysosomes

A  They have different numbers of neutrons.

B  They have different numbers of protons.

C  They have different numbers of electrons.

D  They have different number of energy shells

E  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

A  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

B  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

C  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

D  may open in response to binding a ligand.

E  are nonspecific.

A  plasma membrane.

B  Golgi apparatus.

C  endoplasmic reticulum.

D  mitochondria.

E  nucleus.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Hydrosmosis

B  Pinocytosis

C  Active transport

D  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

E  Phagocytosis

A  peptide

B  chemical

C  polypeptide

D  polymerase

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Lysosomes

B  Mitochondria

C  Ribosomes

D  Endosomes

E  Peroxisomes

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Quaternary

B  Tertiary

C  Primary

D  Secondary

A  polypeptide

B  polysaturated

C  polymerase

D  polyunsaturated

A  4

B  8

C  1

D  2

E  6

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

B  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

C  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

D  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

E  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Charged particles

B  Glucose

C  Solutes

D  Lipid molecules

E  Water

A  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

B  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

C  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

D  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

E  can be carbohydrate molecules.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  is defined as the covalent modification and activationof a protein with binding sites for organic molecules.

B  is synonymous with the term “catabolism.”

C  is synonymous with the term “anabolism.”

D  refers to the synthesis and breakdown of organic molecules involved in cell structure and function.

E  refers to any chemical reaction that involves the production of energy.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Manufacturing ribosomes

B  Making ATP

C  Dividing by mitosis

D  Breaking down carbohydrates

E  Synthesizing lipids

A  400 mM urea

B  100 mM NaCl

C  200 mM NaCl

D  100 mM MgCl 2

E  300 mM glucose

A  Lipophilic

B  Ion

C  Molecule

D  Atom

E  Polar

A  It is covalent.

B  It is ionized.

C  It has no net electrical charge.

D  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

A  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

B  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

C  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

D  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

E  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

B  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

C  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

D  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

E  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Hydrogen bonds

B  Van der Waals forces

C  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

D  Ionic bonds

E  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

A  90

B  10

C  0

D  1

E  30

A  Krebs cycle

B  Glycolysis

C  None of the choices are correct.

D  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

E  Oxidative phosphorylation

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  No effect on blood glucose level

B  Increase blood glucose level

C  Decrease blood glucose level

A  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

B  Generating ATP

C  Providing genetic information

D  Storing calcium ions

E  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

A  By increasing the temperature of a solution

B  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

C  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

D  By decreasing the energy of activation

E  By phosphorylating a reactant

A  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

B  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

C  It is important for cellular movement.

D  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

E  It includes actin filaments.

A  Specificity

B  Inhibition

C  Acclimatization

D  Accommodation

E  Saturation