Lecture Exam 1 (A)

A  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

B  Transcription of DNA into RNA

C  Generation of ATP

D  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

E  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

B  Substance X will diffuse faster.

C  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

B  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

C  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

D  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

E  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It will stay the same size.

B  The result can’t be predicted

C  It will shrink in size.

D  It will swell in size.

A  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

B  may open in response to binding a ligand.

C  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

D  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

E  are nonspecific.

A  It is a nonpolar molecule.

B  It is an amphipathic molecule.

C  It is a polar molecule.

A  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

B  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

C  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

D  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

E  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

A  mitochondria

B  peroxisomes

C  ribosomes

D  lysosomes

E  endosomes

A  They have different number of energy shells

B  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

C  They have different numbers of neutrons.

D  They have different numbers of protons.

E  They have different numbers of electrons.

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

A  are nonspecific.

B  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

C  may open in response to binding a ligand.

D  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

E  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

A  plasma membrane.

B  Golgi apparatus.

C  nucleus.

D  mitochondria.

E  endoplasmic reticulum.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Pinocytosis

B  Phagocytosis

C  Active transport

D  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

E  Hydrosmosis

A  polypeptide

B  polymerase

C  peptide

D  chemical

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Ribosomes

B  Peroxisomes

C  Mitochondria

D  Lysosomes

E  Endosomes

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Secondary

B  Tertiary

C  Quaternary

D  Primary

A  polypeptide

B  polyunsaturated

C  polymerase

D  polysaturated

A  1

B  6

C  2

D  8

E  4

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

B  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

C  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

D  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

E  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Lipid molecules

B  Charged particles

C  Water

D  Solutes

E  Glucose

A  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

B  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

C  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

D  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

E  can be carbohydrate molecules.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  refers to any chemical reaction that involves the production of energy.

B  is defined as the covalent modification and activationof a protein with binding sites for organic molecules.

C  is synonymous with the term “anabolism.”

D  refers to the synthesis and breakdown of organic molecules involved in cell structure and function.

E  is synonymous with the term “catabolism.”

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Manufacturing ribosomes

B  Breaking down carbohydrates

C  Dividing by mitosis

D  Synthesizing lipids

E  Making ATP

A  100 mM MgCl 2

B  100 mM NaCl

C  400 mM urea

D  300 mM glucose

E  200 mM NaCl

A  Ion

B  Molecule

C  Lipophilic

D  Atom

E  Polar

A  It has no net electrical charge.

B  It is ionized.

C  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

D  It is covalent.

A  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

B  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

C  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

D  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

E  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

B  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

C  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

D  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

E  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

B  Van der Waals forces

C  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

D  Ionic bonds

E  Hydrogen bonds

A  90

B  1

C  30

D  10

E  0

A  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

B  Glycolysis

C  Krebs cycle

D  Oxidative phosphorylation

E  None of the choices are correct.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  No effect on blood glucose level

B  Increase blood glucose level

C  Decrease blood glucose level

A  Storing calcium ions

B  Generating ATP

C  Providing genetic information

D  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

E  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

A  By phosphorylating a reactant

B  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

C  By increasing the temperature of a solution

D  By decreasing the energy of activation

E  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

A  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

B  It is important for cellular movement.

C  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

D  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

E  It includes actin filaments.

A  Accommodation

B  Acclimatization

C  Saturation

D  Specificity

E  Inhibition