Lecture Exam 1 (A)

A  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

B  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

C  Transcription of DNA into RNA

D  Generation of ATP

E  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

B  Substance X will diffuse faster.

C  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

B  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

C  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

D  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

E  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It will stay the same size.

B  It will swell in size.

C  It will shrink in size.

D  The result can’t be predicted

A  are nonspecific.

B  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

C  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

D  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

E  may open in response to binding a ligand.

A  It is a polar molecule.

B  It is an amphipathic molecule.

C  It is a nonpolar molecule.

A  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

B  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

C  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

D  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

E  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

A  mitochondria

B  endosomes

C  peroxisomes

D  lysosomes

E  ribosomes

A  They have different numbers of electrons.

B  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

C  They have different numbers of protons.

D  They have different numbers of neutrons.

E  They have different number of energy shells

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

A  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

B  are nonspecific.

C  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

D  may open in response to binding a ligand.

E  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

A  mitochondria.

B  nucleus.

C  Golgi apparatus.

D  plasma membrane.

E  endoplasmic reticulum.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Pinocytosis

B  Hydrosmosis

C  Phagocytosis

D  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

E  Active transport

A  peptide

B  polypeptide

C  polymerase

D  chemical

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Ribosomes

B  Endosomes

C  Peroxisomes

D  Mitochondria

E  Lysosomes

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Quaternary

B  Secondary

C  Primary

D  Tertiary

A  polypeptide

B  polyunsaturated

C  polysaturated

D  polymerase

A  4

B  2

C  6

D  8

E  1

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

B  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

C  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

D  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

E  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Solutes

B  Glucose

C  Charged particles

D  Water

E  Lipid molecules

A  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

B  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

C  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

D  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

E  can be carbohydrate molecules.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  refers to the synthesis and breakdown of organic molecules involved in cell structure and function.

B  is defined as the covalent modification and activationof a protein with binding sites for organic molecules.

C  is synonymous with the term “catabolism.”

D  refers to any chemical reaction that involves the production of energy.

E  is synonymous with the term “anabolism.”

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Manufacturing ribosomes

B  Making ATP

C  Dividing by mitosis

D  Synthesizing lipids

E  Breaking down carbohydrates

A  100 mM NaCl

B  300 mM glucose

C  400 mM urea

D  200 mM NaCl

E  100 mM MgCl 2

A  Molecule

B  Atom

C  Ion

D  Polar

E  Lipophilic

A  It has no net electrical charge.

B  It is covalent.

C  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

D  It is ionized.

A  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

B  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

C  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

D  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

E  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

B  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

C  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

D  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

E  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

B  Ionic bonds

C  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

D  Van der Waals forces

E  Hydrogen bonds

A  1

B  10

C  30

D  0

E  90

A  Krebs cycle

B  Oxidative phosphorylation

C  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

D  Glycolysis

E  None of the choices are correct.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  No effect on blood glucose level

B  Increase blood glucose level

C  Decrease blood glucose level

A  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

B  Providing genetic information

C  Storing calcium ions

D  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

E  Generating ATP

A  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

B  By increasing the temperature of a solution

C  By decreasing the energy of activation

D  By phosphorylating a reactant

E  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

A  It includes actin filaments.

B  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

C  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

D  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

E  It is important for cellular movement.

A  Inhibition

B  Specificity

C  Saturation

D  Acclimatization

E  Accommodation