Lecture Exam 1 (A)

A  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

B  Transcription of DNA into RNA

C  Generation of ATP

D  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

E  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Substance X will diffuse faster.

B  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

C  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

B  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

C  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

D  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

E  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It will shrink in size.

B  It will swell in size.

C  It will stay the same size.

D  The result can’t be predicted

A  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

B  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

C  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

D  may open in response to binding a ligand.

E  are nonspecific.

A  It is a nonpolar molecule.

B  It is an amphipathic molecule.

C  It is a polar molecule.

A  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

B  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

C  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

D  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

E  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

A  endosomes

B  ribosomes

C  peroxisomes

D  lysosomes

E  mitochondria

A  They have different number of energy shells

B  They have different numbers of neutrons.

C  They have different numbers of protons.

D  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

E  They have different numbers of electrons.

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

A  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

B  may open in response to binding a ligand.

C  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

D  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

E  are nonspecific.

A  mitochondria.

B  endoplasmic reticulum.

C  Golgi apparatus.

D  nucleus.

E  plasma membrane.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Active transport

B  Pinocytosis

C  Phagocytosis

D  Hydrosmosis

E  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

A  polymerase

B  polypeptide

C  chemical

D  peptide

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Mitochondria

B  Lysosomes

C  Endosomes

D  Ribosomes

E  Peroxisomes

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Quaternary

B  Tertiary

C  Secondary

D  Primary

A  polymerase

B  polyunsaturated

C  polypeptide

D  polysaturated

A  6

B  8

C  4

D  1

E  2

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

B  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

C  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

D  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

E  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Lipid molecules

B  Solutes

C  Glucose

D  Charged particles

E  Water

A  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

B  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

C  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

D  can be carbohydrate molecules.

E  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  refers to the synthesis and breakdown of organic molecules involved in cell structure and function.

B  is synonymous with the term “anabolism.”

C  is synonymous with the term “catabolism.”

D  is defined as the covalent modification and activationof a protein with binding sites for organic molecules.

E  refers to any chemical reaction that involves the production of energy.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Manufacturing ribosomes

B  Dividing by mitosis

C  Breaking down carbohydrates

D  Making ATP

E  Synthesizing lipids

A  100 mM MgCl 2

B  400 mM urea

C  300 mM glucose

D  200 mM NaCl

E  100 mM NaCl

A  Atom

B  Ion

C  Molecule

D  Lipophilic

E  Polar

A  It has no net electrical charge.

B  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

C  It is ionized.

D  It is covalent.

A  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

B  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

C  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

D  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

E  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

B  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

C  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

D  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

E  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

B  Hydrogen bonds

C  Ionic bonds

D  Van der Waals forces

E  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

A  1

B  10

C  30

D  0

E  90

A  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

B  None of the choices are correct.

C  Oxidative phosphorylation

D  Glycolysis

E  Krebs cycle

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  No effect on blood glucose level

B  Increase blood glucose level

C  Decrease blood glucose level

A  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

B  Storing calcium ions

C  Generating ATP

D  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

E  Providing genetic information

A  By phosphorylating a reactant

B  By increasing the temperature of a solution

C  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

D  By decreasing the energy of activation

E  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

A  It is important for cellular movement.

B  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

C  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

D  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

E  It includes actin filaments.

A  Acclimatization

B  Inhibition

C  Accommodation

D  Saturation

E  Specificity