Lecture Exam 1

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  diffusion through a channel.

B  active transport.

C  diffusion using a pump.

D  simple diffusion.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  2 molecules of NADH and 2 molecules of water

B  2 molecules of ATP, 2 molecules of water, and 2 molecules of lactate

C  2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 molecules of lactate, and 2 ATP

D  2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 molecules of water, and 2 NADH

E  2 molecules of pyruvate and 36 molecules of ATP

A  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

B  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

C  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

D  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

E  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

B  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

C  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

D  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

E  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

A  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

B  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

C  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

D  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

E  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

A  Oxidative phosphorylation

B  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

C  Glycolysis

D  None of the choices are correct.

E  Krebs cycle

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Facilitated diffusion

B  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

C  Secondary active transport

D  Primary active transport

E  Simple diffusion

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  100 mM NaCl

B  100 mM MgCl 2

C  400 mM urea

D  200 mM NaCl

E  300 mM glucose

A  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

B  take place only when no oxygen is present.

C  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

D  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

E  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

A  Increase blood glucose level

B  Decrease blood glucose level

C  No effect on blood glucose level

A  lysosomes

B  ribosomes

C  mitochondria

D  endosomes

E  peroxisomes

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Monosaccharides

B  Nucleotides

C  Phospholipids

D  Cholesterol

E  Amino acids

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

B  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

C  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

D  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

A  Storing calcium ions

B  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

C  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

D  Providing genetic information

E  Generating ATP

A  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

B  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

C  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

D  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

E  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It has no net electrical charge.

B  It is ionized.

C  It is covalent.

D  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

A  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

B  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

C  may open in response to binding a ligand.

D  are nonspecific.

E  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Breaking down carbohydrates

B  Making ATP

C  Synthesizing lipids

D  Dividing by mitosis

E  Manufacturing ribosomes

A  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

B  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

C  It is important for cellular movement.

D  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

E  It includes actin filaments.

A  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

B  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

C  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

D  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

E  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

A  Peroxisomes

B  Endosomes

C  Ribosomes

D  Mitochondria

E  Lysosomes

A  Quaternary

B  Secondary

C  Primary

D  Tertiary

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Substance X will diffuse faster.

B  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

C  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  A new element

B  A free radical

C  A cation

D  An anion

E  A covalent molecule

A  unipolar.

B  hydrophilic.

C  hydrophobic.

D  amphipathic.

E  bipolar.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Pinocytosis

B  Hydrosmosis

C  Active transport

D  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

E  Phagocytosis

A  The result can’t be predicted

B  It will stay the same size.

C  It will swell in size.

D  It will shrink in size.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

A  2

B  4

C  1

D  8

E  6

A  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

B  Van der Waals forces

C  Ionic bonds

D  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

E  Hydrogen bonds

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  They have different numbers of neutrons.

B  They have different numbers of electrons.

C  They have different number of energy shells

D  They have different numbers of protons.

E  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

A  Solutes

B  Glucose

C  Charged particles

D  Water

E  Lipid molecules