Lecture Exam 1

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  diffusion through a channel.

B  diffusion using a pump.

C  active transport.

D  simple diffusion.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 molecules of water, and 2 NADH

B  2 molecules of pyruvate and 36 molecules of ATP

C  2 molecules of NADH and 2 molecules of water

D  2 molecules of ATP, 2 molecules of water, and 2 molecules of lactate

E  2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 molecules of lactate, and 2 ATP

A  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

B  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

C  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

D  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

E  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

B  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

C  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

D  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

E  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

A  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

B  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

C  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

D  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

E  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

A  None of the choices are correct.

B  Oxidative phosphorylation

C  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

D  Krebs cycle

E  Glycolysis

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Secondary active transport

B  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

C  Primary active transport

D  Facilitated diffusion

E  Simple diffusion

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  100 mM MgCl 2

B  400 mM urea

C  300 mM glucose

D  100 mM NaCl

E  200 mM NaCl

A  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

B  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

C  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

D  take place only when no oxygen is present.

E  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

A  No effect on blood glucose level

B  Decrease blood glucose level

C  Increase blood glucose level

A  lysosomes

B  mitochondria

C  ribosomes

D  endosomes

E  peroxisomes

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Nucleotides

B  Cholesterol

C  Amino acids

D  Phospholipids

E  Monosaccharides

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

B  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

C  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

D  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

A  Generating ATP

B  Providing genetic information

C  Storing calcium ions

D  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

E  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

A  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

B  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

C  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

D  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

E  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

B  It is ionized.

C  It has no net electrical charge.

D  It is covalent.

A  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

B  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

C  are nonspecific.

D  may open in response to binding a ligand.

E  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Manufacturing ribosomes

B  Making ATP

C  Synthesizing lipids

D  Breaking down carbohydrates

E  Dividing by mitosis

A  It is important for cellular movement.

B  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

C  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

D  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

E  It includes actin filaments.

A  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

B  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

C  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

D  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

E  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

A  Mitochondria

B  Endosomes

C  Peroxisomes

D  Lysosomes

E  Ribosomes

A  Quaternary

B  Secondary

C  Primary

D  Tertiary

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

B  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

C  Substance X will diffuse faster.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  A covalent molecule

B  An anion

C  A new element

D  A cation

E  A free radical

A  hydrophobic.

B  amphipathic.

C  unipolar.

D  bipolar.

E  hydrophilic.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Pinocytosis

B  Hydrosmosis

C  Phagocytosis

D  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

E  Active transport

A  The result can’t be predicted

B  It will stay the same size.

C  It will shrink in size.

D  It will swell in size.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

A  2

B  6

C  1

D  4

E  8

A  Van der Waals forces

B  Hydrogen bonds

C  Ionic bonds

D  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

E  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  They have different numbers of electrons.

B  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

C  They have different numbers of neutrons.

D  They have different numbers of protons.

E  They have different number of energy shells

A  Solutes

B  Glucose

C  Water

D  Charged particles

E  Lipid molecules