Lecture Exam 1

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  simple diffusion.

B  active transport.

C  diffusion through a channel.

D  diffusion using a pump.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 molecules of water, and 2 NADH

B  2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 molecules of lactate, and 2 ATP

C  2 molecules of NADH and 2 molecules of water

D  2 molecules of ATP, 2 molecules of water, and 2 molecules of lactate

E  2 molecules of pyruvate and 36 molecules of ATP

A  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

B  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

C  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

D  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

E  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

B  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

C  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

D  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

E  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

A  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

B  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

C  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

D  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

E  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

A  Glycolysis

B  None of the choices are correct.

C  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

D  Oxidative phosphorylation

E  Krebs cycle

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

B  Simple diffusion

C  Facilitated diffusion

D  Secondary active transport

E  Primary active transport

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  100 mM NaCl

B  200 mM NaCl

C  300 mM glucose

D  100 mM MgCl 2

E  400 mM urea

A  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

B  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

C  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

D  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

E  take place only when no oxygen is present.

A  No effect on blood glucose level

B  Increase blood glucose level

C  Decrease blood glucose level

A  ribosomes

B  lysosomes

C  peroxisomes

D  endosomes

E  mitochondria

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Phospholipids

B  Monosaccharides

C  Amino acids

D  Nucleotides

E  Cholesterol

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

B  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

C  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

D  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

A  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

B  Providing genetic information

C  Storing calcium ions

D  Generating ATP

E  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

A  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

B  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

C  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

D  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

E  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It has no net electrical charge.

B  It is covalent.

C  It is ionized.

D  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

A  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

B  may open in response to binding a ligand.

C  are nonspecific.

D  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

E  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Dividing by mitosis

B  Making ATP

C  Synthesizing lipids

D  Manufacturing ribosomes

E  Breaking down carbohydrates

A  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

B  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

C  It includes actin filaments.

D  It is important for cellular movement.

E  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

A  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

B  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

C  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

D  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

E  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

A  Lysosomes

B  Peroxisomes

C  Ribosomes

D  Mitochondria

E  Endosomes

A  Secondary

B  Tertiary

C  Quaternary

D  Primary

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Substance X will diffuse faster.

B  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

C  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  A covalent molecule

B  A new element

C  A cation

D  An anion

E  A free radical

A  amphipathic.

B  hydrophobic.

C  unipolar.

D  hydrophilic.

E  bipolar.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Active transport

B  Phagocytosis

C  Pinocytosis

D  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

E  Hydrosmosis

A  It will stay the same size.

B  The result can’t be predicted

C  It will swell in size.

D  It will shrink in size.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

A  2

B  8

C  6

D  4

E  1

A  Ionic bonds

B  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

C  Van der Waals forces

D  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

E  Hydrogen bonds

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  They have different numbers of neutrons.

B  They have different number of energy shells

C  They have different numbers of protons.

D  They have different numbers of electrons.

E  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

A  Lipid molecules

B  Water

C  Solutes

D  Charged particles

E  Glucose