Module 5 Exam

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Question #1

Your 22-year-old sister was horrified to learn that she contracted an STI that could potentially increase her risk of infertility. What are two STIs she could have?

A HIV and gonorrhea

B syphilis and hepatitis C

C herpes and trichomoniasis

D chlamydia and human papilloma virus

Question #2

Joe believes that females cannot be pilots and opposes the military’s use of women in combat. It is his belief that females are not strong enough, emotionally and physically, to perform the duties that are required to fly fighter jets. Joe’s belief that women are weak is ____.

A a negative behavior

B an unconscious association

C a form of discrimination

D a stereotype

Question #3

Your roommate is from an urban area in Mexico. Culturally, she has a very strong commitment to her family. To stay in contact with her family she uses Facebook and her cell phone to talk and to text. In terms of identity, she has a ____.

A hybrid identity

B blended identity

C bicultural identity

D multicultural identity

Question #4

Jacob has been pressured by his father to take over the family farm. Reluctantly, Jacob has agreed to this identity status because that is what is best for his parents. He has not explored his options but has passively accepted the identity his father imposed on him. From James Marcia’s model, which of the following identity statuses can Jacob’s be categorized as?

A achievement

B diffusion

C foreclosure

D moratorium

Question #5

In Erikson’s theory each stage of life has a central crisis. What is the central crisis for adolescents?

A identity versus identity confusion

B Generativity versus stagnation

C industry versus inferiority

D intimacy versus isolation

Question #6

Compared to childhood, self-esteem ____ during adolescence, then ____ during emerging adulthood.

A raises; plateaus

B rises; declines

C plateaus; declines

D declines; rises

Question #7

Compared to those who do not attend college, emerging adults who obtain tertiary education tend to have considerably ____.

A mediocre job success, a greater sense of identity, and higher sense of self-worth

B milder temperament, more secure attachments, and happier long-lasting marriages

C higher earnings, mellow temperaments, and a greater sense of identity

D higher earnings, occupational status, and career attainment over the long run

Question #8

Your uncle and aunt are pretty unhappy with your cousin, who is taking six years to complete an undergraduate degree. What can you tell your aunt and uncle that would help your cousin? The average time to complete an undergraduate degree in the United States is ____.

A 5 years

B 6 years

C 7 years

D 4 years

Question #9

Which of the following would be considered tertiary education?

A an elementary school

B a middle school

C a college or university

D a daycare center

Question #10

Before entering college Grant was very stringent in his beliefs. Many of life’s issues were clear-cut and could be explained with one definitive answer. However, throughout the years, Grant has noticed that he is better able to see other perspectives and find many sides to one argument. He is now at a place where he can recognize the legitimacy of competing points of view and compare their merits. Which of the following postformal operational terms best describes Grant’s cognitive perspective?

A relativism

B dualistic thinking

C multiple thinking

D commitment

Question #11

Nellie is a teenager who would like to believe that abortion is wrong and should not be tolerated in any situation. However, she also knows that if the fetus has no chance of survival and the mother’s life is in jeopardy, this may be a situation in which an abortion is justified. She does not believe that one particular stance is correct for all situations but that each situation must be evaluated independently. Which of the following best describes Nellie’s cognitive pattern?

A realistic thinking

B dualistic thinking

C hypothesis thinking

D multiple thinking

Question #12

Which of the following best describes pragmatism as a component of postformal operational thought?

A an awareness of how logic can be used to solve all of life’s problems

B an awareness of how one’s internal state affects his or her physiological response

C an awareness of how sensory input and motor skills can be incorporated to solve situational problems that are more concrete

D an awareness of how social factors and factors specific to a given situation must be taken into account in approaching most of life’s problems

Question #13

Osgood and others have found that there is a relationship between risk behavior such as crime and dangerous driving and ____.

A structured socialization

B friendliness

C social investment

D unstructured socializing

Question #14

Consuming five or more drinks in a row for men, and four in a row for women, is known as ____.

A alcoholism

B risk-taking drinking

C binge drinking

D social drinking

Question #15

Which of the following individuals are more likely to drive at excess speeds, follow too closely to other vehicles, violate traffic signs and signals, and take more risks while driving a motorized vehicle?

A a female who is in her late teens

B a female who is in her early 30s

C a male who is in his early 40s

D a male who is in his early 20s

Question #16

In the United States which of the following groups have the highest rates of automobile accidents, injuries, and fatalities of any age group?

A middle adults and aging adults

B aging adults

C adolescents and emerging adults

D children and young adolescents

Question #17

Your 20-year-old brother and your father are playing a game that requires quick responses and your brother is consistently winning. Why? Your brother ____.

A is just getting lucky

B is cheating

C is 20 years old and 20-year-olds have the fastest reaction times

D has more experience playing this game

Question #18

In the United States and Europe the most important criteria is for becoming an adult is ____, whereas in Asia it is ____.

A emotional maturity; behavioral and cognitive majority

B financial independence; the capacity to support one’s parents financially

C the capacity to support one’s parents financially; financial independence

D behavioral and cognitive maturity; emotional maturity

Question #19

The time period of emerging adulthood is more likely to be a part of ____, and absent in ____.

A individualistic cultures; collective cultures

B developed countries; undeveloped countries

C undeveloped countries; developed countries

D collective cultures; individualistic cultures

Question #20

Which of the following best captures the characteristics of the age of identity explorations?

A an understanding of one’s multifaceted self, to possess instability in one’s occupational field, to understand one’s biological heritage, and to reflect on one’s life with high integrity

B an understanding of who others are, what a person’s temperament is, how the genetic lineage affects longevity, and to have a shaky global view

C an understanding of who one is, what one’s capabilities and limitations are, what one’s beliefs and values are, and how one fits into the society around them

D an understanding of one’s gender identity, to possess stability in one’s career, to understand one’s ethnic heritage and biological beginnings

Question #21

What is one explanation for the dramatic rise in the typical ages of entering marriage and parenthood today in developing countries?

A marriage is not necessary for sexual relationships

B fear of divorce

C parents today discourage early marriage

D emerging adults cannot make decisions

Question #22

What are five characteristics that distinguish emerging adulthood from other age periods?

A It is the age of identity moratorium, stability, feeling marginalized, being self-focused, and developing a global worldview.

B It is the age of identity explorations, instability, being self-focused, feeling in-between, and possibilities.

C It is the age of instability, being other-focused, identity foreclosure, feeling marginalized, and possibilities.

D It is the age of stability, being other-focused, identity diffusion, feeling in-between, and stagnation.

Question #23

You and your roommate are having a discussion about divorce. You both believe there is no ethical reason for someone who is unhappy in his or her marriage not to seek a divorce —that the individual’s interests are the most important thing to consider. Since you are both emerging adults, Jensen would argue that you probably use what worldview to determine ethical behavior?

A the ethic of community

B the ethic of culture

C the ethic of divinity

D the ethic of autonomy

Question #24

Kohlberg viewed moral development as based on ____.

A psychological functioning

B cognitive development

C biological maturity

D environmental forces

Question #25

Girls tend to use physical appearance when determining their global self-esteem. Since girls tend to view their physical appearance ____.

A neutrally, their global self-esteem is variable throughout adolescence

B negatively, their global self-esteem is lower than boys’ during adolescence

C positively, their global self-esteem is quite high throughout adolescence

D Negatively, their global self-esteem is very high during adolescence

Question #26

Why does self-esteem rise in late adolescence and emerging adulthood?

A adolescents feel more mature

B parents are much less critical during this time

C adolescents have initiated romantic relationships by this time

D peers’ evaluations become less important

Question #27

Your 15-year-old cousin exaggerates his performance in nearly every story that he tells. He claims to be a better athlete than he is, a better musician than he is, and much more popular than he actually is. To what type of self is he referring?

A ideal self

B fictional self

C real self

D feared self

Question #28

The overall conclusion of several longitudinal studies shows that self-esteem slightly ____ in early adolescence, then slightly ____ through late adolescence and emerging adulthood.

A levels off; declines

B declines; rises

C rises; levels off

D rises; declines

Question #29

Which of the following best describes the overall conclusion of research that used the Experience Sampling Method to measure the emotional state of adolescence in the United States?

A adolescence is often a time of intellectual volatility

B adolescence is often a time of emotional stability

C adolescence is often a time of intellectual stagnation

D adolescence is often a time of emotional volatility

Question #30

Your younger brother’s best friend is a huge risk-taker. Even though he is 15 years old, he has already exhibited some very dangerous behaviors. One of his favorite activities is to run across a highway in the early evening when there is quite a bit of traffic. What concept helps to explain this risky behavior?

A the personal fable

B egocentrism

C the imaginary audience

D the adolescent growth spurt

Question #31

Your 14-year-old nephew just walked in the door from school and told you that he is not going to go back to school. You ask why and he tells you that everyone laughed at him because he dropped his tray full of food as he sitting down during lunch. Although you tried to help, he was inconsolable. Why? Your nephew was experiencing what David Elkind regarded as ____.

A the adolescent growth spurt

B egocentrism

C the imaginary audience

D the personal fable

Question #32

Beyond the development of mnemonic devices and a greater capacity for selective attention, adolescents’ long-term memory is also enhanced by ____.

A a greater amount of experience and knowledge of the world

B their ability to question their parents and the world around them

C a greater amount of testosterone, which has been shown to enhance memory

D their ability to think concretely and egocentrically of the world

Question #33

What is the name of memory strategies that adolescents use more frequently than younger children that involves organizing information into coherent patterns?

A virtual memory devices

B learning devices

C long-term memory devices

D mnemonic devices

Question #34

As described by Piaget, the child who solves the pendulum task and can explain their rationale is closer to ____ stage of cognitive development.

A concrete operations

B sensorimotor

C preoperational

D formal operations

Question #35

What Piagetian stage involves the development of hypothetical-deductive reasoning?

A pre-operations

B advanced hypothesis testing

C formal operations

D concrete operations

Question #36

_____ is the use of a substance once or perhaps a few times out of curiosity and then not using it again, whereas ____ is the use of substances during social activities with one or more friends.

A Social substance use; experimental substance use

B Addictive substance use; medicinal substance use

C Experimental substance use; social substance use

D Medicinal substance use; addictive substance use

Question #37

Your roommate’s younger brother just broke up with his girlfriend who he has been dating for three years, and has been upset about it. When your roommate went home to visit she noticed her brother was using substances. She was surprised since he never did before. What is happening? He is likely ____.

A addicted

B self-medicating

C using substances socially

D experimenting

Question #38

Your parents just found illegal substances in your younger brother’s backpack. He is a good student and does well in sports. He told your parents that he has not used the drugs yet and was only interested in trying them. Considering what you learned in your developmental course, how likely is this?

A He is probably lying, most drug abusers do.

B He is a likely telling the truth; experimentation is one of the four major reasons that adolescents use substances.

C He is likely self-medicating.

D He is not telling the truth; adolescents are either users or not users.

Question #39

Ramon engages in discrete periods of binge eating and he feels as if he cannot control himself. After each binge episode his guilt is extremely high and he feels compelled to exercise relentlessly. Typically, after a binge episode, he will spend two hours at the gym and another hour running. Knowing diagnostic criteria, one can assume that Ramon might manifest ____.

A anorexia nervosa

B feeding disorder of infancy or early childhood

C bulimia nervosa

D pica

Question #40

When Rachel looks into a mirror she sees a fat person. However, she is extremely thin for her height, weighing less than 85% of normal. She has an intense fear of gaining weight and has not experienced a menstrual cycle in the last four months. Knowing diagnostic criteria, one can assume that Rachel might manifest which of the following disorders?

A feeding disorder of infancy or early childhood

B anorexia nervosa

C pica

D bulimia nervosa

Question #41

About ____ of eating disorders occur among females. Most cases of eating disorders have their onset among females in their ____.

A 60%; early to mid-20s

B 80%; teens and early 20s

C 70%; early to mid-20s

D 90%; teens and early 20s

Question #42

Due to globalization, many cultural groups have minimized their use of puberty rituals for boys; however, in Africa the ritual of ____ is still maintained.

A the warrior

B the farmer

C public circumcision

D public beatings

Question #43

____ are culturally based markers that signify an individual’s departure from childhood and his or her entrance into adolescence.

A History-graded norms

B Aging confirmations

C Puberty rituals

D Psycho-cognitive stages

Question #44

Your 17-year-old son didn’t start showing signs of puberty until recently, and still looks like he is 14 years old. What challenges do you face as a parent of a late-maturing male?

A He is likely to have difficulties with alcohol use and delinquency.

B He is likely to be a homebody and prefers to stay at home rather than go out on the weekends.

C He is likely to spend too much time studying.

D He is likely to engage in early sexual behavior.

Question #45

In regards to the timing of the onset of puberty, which of the following is more at risk for a depressed mood, negative body image, eating disorders, substance use, delinquency, aggressive behavior, and school problems?

A a boy who experiences early-onset puberty

B a girl who experiences late-onset puberty

C a girl who experiences early-onset puberty

D a boy who experiences late-onset puberty

Question #46

____ describes a steady decrease in the average age of menarche in Western countries over the past 150 years.

A Sooner trend

B Lowering trend

C Early onset trend

D Secular trend

Question #47

What is the last structure of the brain to complete its growth process?

A hypothalamus

B frontal lobes

C cerebellum

D cortex

Question #48

____ describes a female’s first menstruation, whereas ____ describes a male’s first ejaculation of sperm.

A Menarche; spermarche

B Foremost menstruation; primary ejaculation

C Spermarche; menarche

D Primary menstruation; foremost ejaculation

Question #49

Two kinds of changes take place in the body in response to increased sex hormones during puberty. What characteristic is directly related to reproduction?

A secondary sex characteristics

B primary sex characteristics

C quarternary sex characteristics

D tertiary sex characteristics

Question #50

With respect to pubertal development, the most important estrogen is _________ and the most important androgen is _______.

A estradiol; testosterone

B dopamine; serotonin

C thalamus; hypothalamus

D cortisol; relaxin

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