Module 1 Exam

A  selective sampling

B  selective survival

C  attrition

D  cohort effect

A  time of measurement effect

B  gender effect

C  age effect

D  cohort effect

A  independent; dependent

B  quasi-experimental; correlational

C  correlational; quasi-experimental

D  dependent; independent

A  longitudinal research

B  quasi-experimental research

C  ethnographic research

D  cross-sectional research

A  quasi-experiment

B  experiment

C  correlation

D  theory

A  a longitudinal design

B  a quasi-experimental design

C  a semi-reliable design

D  a cross-sectional design

A  Validity; reliability

B  Reliability; validity

C  Standardization; variance from the mean

D  Variance from the mean; standardization

A  reliable; valid

B  non-numerical; numerical

C  internally measured; externally measured

D  informed consent; debriefing

A  Subjects are told what the purposes of the study are, what participation in the study involves, what risks (if any) are involved in participating, and what the person can expect to receive in return for participation.

B  Subjects must be told the true purpose of the study and the reason for any deception that may have been part of the study.

C  They are usually comprised of people who have research experience themselves and therefore have experience that enables them to judge whether the research being proposed follows reasonable ethical guidelines.

D  Personal information will not be shared with anyone outside the immediate research group and any results from the research will not identify any of the participants by name.

A  They are usually comprised of people who have research experience themselves and therefore have experience that enables them to judge whether the research being proposed follows reasonable ethical guidelines.

B  Subjects are told what the purposes of the study are, what participation in the study involves, what risks (if any) are involved in participating, and what the person can expect to receive in return for participation.

C  Personal information will not be shared with anyone outside the immediate research group and any results from the research will not identify any of the participants by name.

D  Subjects must be told the true purpose of the study and the reason for any deception that may have been part of the study.

A  Personal information will not be shared with anyone outside the immediate research group and any results from the research will not identify any of the participants by name.

B  Subjects must be told the true purpose of the study and the reason for any deception that may have been part of the study.

C  They are usually comprised of people who have research experience themselves and therefore have experience that enables them to judge whether the research being proposed follows reasonable ethical guidelines.

D  Subjects are told what the purposes of the study are, what participation in the study involves, what risks (if any) are involved in participating, and what the person can expect to receive in return for participation.

A  Reliability; confidentiality

B  Debriefing; informed consent

C  Informed consent; debriefing

D  Confidentiality; reliability

A  Department of Research

B  Institutional Review Board

C  University Research Sponsorship Department

D  Ethical Standard Board

A  validity

B  reliability

C  generalizability

D  standardization

A  population

B  variable

C  theory

D  hypothesis

A  a framework that presents a set of interconnected ideas in an original way and inspires further research

B  the way the study is conducted and the data are collected

C  a statement indicating that participation in the study is voluntary, and that persons may withdraw from participation in the study at any time

D  a group of people who participate in a research study

A  observe the environment; generate a theory of the phenomenon to be studied; generate possible hypotheses; systematically vary variables; and conduct an experiment

B  collect data to test a theory; manipulate variables within a laboratory setting; conduct a statistical analysis of the data; synthesize the results; and publish the findings

C  generate a conclusion; isolate variables; determine how variables are related to the conclusion; conduct the research study; and published the findings

D  identify a question to be investigated; form a hypothesis; choose a research method and a research design; collect data to test the hypothesis; and draw conclusions that lead to new questions and hypotheses

A  forming a hypothesis

B  collecting data

C  selecting a research method and a research design

D  identifying a question of scientific interest

A  nearly everyone lives in a very similar culture

B  cultural beliefs are the basis for many other conditions of children’s development

C  culture should be factored out to determine what really influences development

D  culture is damaging and can be devastating to a young child’s development

A  mesosystem

B  chronosystem

C  macrosystem

D  exosystem

A  time and historical change

B  parents, siblings, peers and friends, and teachers

C  cultural beliefs and values, and economic and governmental systems

D  schools, religious institutions, and the media

A  mesosystem

B  microsystem

C  macrosystem

D  exosystem

A  mesosystem

B  microsystem

C  macrosystem

D  exosystem

A  Piaget

B  Freud

C  Bronfenbrenner

D  Erikson

A  crisis

B  sensitivity

C  fixation

D  critical period

A  development continued throughout the lifespan, and Freud believed that only the early years were important

B  personality was set at birth, while Freud thought that it was completed by age 6

C  biological factors were more important in terms of development, and Freud believed that culture was more important

D  sexuality was even more important than Freud did

A  the self, the shadow, the anima

B  id, ego, superego

C  conscious, collective unconscious, subcortical unconscious

D  real self, fear self, future self

A  psychobiological

B  psychosocial

C  psychocognitive

D  psychosexual

A  humanistic psychology

B  behavioral therapy

C  psychoanalysis

D  psychosocial moratorium

A  high-SES; low-SES; high-SES mothers are not likely to consume fluoride in their drinking water

B  middle-SES; low-SES; middle-SES mothers are more likely to live in rural parts of the country

C  middle-SES; high-SES; middle-SES fathers are more likely to be absent from the family

D  low-SES; high-SES; low-SES mothers are less likely to receive prenatal care

A  high; low

B  high; moderate

C  low; high

D  moderate; low

A  socioeconomic status

B  tax bracket status

C  social class status

D  education status

A  majority culture

B  minority culture

C  ethnic populace

D  subcultural groups

A  agrarian cultures

B  rural cultures

C  traditional cultures

D  conventional cultures

A  20%

B  60%

C  80%

D  40%

A  collective culture

B  developed country

C  developing country

D  individualistic culture

A  Canada

B  Germany

C  Japan

D  the United States

A  47%, 57%

B  37%, 63%

C  18%, 82%

D  27%, 73%

A  Individualistic cultures

B  Developed countries

C  Collective cultures

D  Developing countries

A  developed countries

B  developing countries

C  impoverished countries

D  population-rich countries

A  decrease

B  remain stable in population

C  increase slowly

D  increase more than developing countries

A  emerging countries

B  South American countries

C  developed countries

D  developing countries

A  conceptions per woman

B  births per woman

C  women on fertility drugs

D  fetuses that were spontaneously aborted

A  small world syndrome

B  globalization

C  the Internet

D  social networks

A  their culture

B  their genetic lineage

C  the expression of their phenotype

D  the strength of their id

A  change

B  growth

C  evolution

D  development