Exam 2

A  O2

B  H2O

C  ATP

D  CO2

A  Electron transport chain

B  Citric acid cycle

C  Glycolysis

D  Calvin cycle

A  Yes, but much less than with oxygen.

B  No, oxygen is required to harvest any energy from glucose.

C  Yes, but not quite as much as with oxygen.

D  Yes, about as much as with oxygen.

A  Citric acid cycle

B  Electron transport chain

C  Fermentation

D  Glycolysis

A  ATP

B  ANP

C  NADP+

D  ADP

A  To produce carbon dioxide

B  To produce sugars

C  To produce oxygen

D  To produce ATP

A  For storage

B  For cellular respiration to produce ATP

C  All of the other answer options are correct

D  For making cellulose, which makes the bulk of a plant

A  Calvin cycle

B  Glycolysis

C  Fermentation

D  Citric acid cycle

A  It is completely destroyed.

B  It is split into two molecules of pyruvic acid.

C  It breaks down into carbon dioxide and water.

D  It loses a phosphate group and is converted to ADP.

A  It excites electrons.

B  It fixes carbon into sugars.

C  It splits ATP molecules.

D  It is the source of electrons.

A  It is a waste product in the light reactions.

B  It is the final electron acceptor.

C  It is the initial electron releaser.

D  It is split to form sugar.

A  Both Stage 1 (the light reactions) and Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)

B  Neither Stage 1 (the light reactions) nor Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)

C  Stage 1 (the light reactions)

D  Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)

A  O2

B  ATP

C  CO2

D  Sugar

A  The chlorophyll molecule is modified to absorb different wavelengths of light.

B  The chlorophyll molecule breaks down and other pigments now become visible.

C  When leaves die, the chlorophyll molecules are no longer visible.

D  Cold weather denatures the chlorophyll molecule, and it begins to reflect different colors.

A  To produce sugars

B  There is no role, as animals do not have chloroplasts

C  To carry out photosynthesis

D  To produce ATP

A  Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration

B  Only photosynthesis

C  Neither photosynthesis nor cellular respiration

D  Only cellular respiration

A  To convert solar energy into the chemical energy of sugars

B  To convert the chemical energy of sugars into heat to maintain an elevated body temperature

C  To convert kinetic energy into the chemical energy of sugars

D  To convert the chemical energy of sugars into the chemical energy that fuels life’s processes

A  A pencil falling from your desk

B  A pencil hitting the ground after falling from your desk

C  A pencil on your desk

D  A pencil laying on the ground

A  expressed only in women or only in men

B  typically on the X chromosome

C  located next to one another

D  typically on the Y chromosome

A  Multiple alleles

B  Single-gene traits

C  Incomplete dominance

D  Polygenic inheritance

A  There are two versions of each trait, a dominant and a recessive; the one you get is random.

B  The inheritance of one character has no effect on the inheritance of another character.

C  The expression of one gene has no effect on the expression of another gene.

D  Segregation of homologous chromosomes is random.

A  both of their alleles carry the same information

B  their two alleles carry different information

C  they can only express the recessive trait

D  they can only express the dominant trait

A  are always different

B  originate from the same parent

C  can be the same or can be different

D  are always the same

A  Meiosis

B  Both mitosis and meiosis

C  None of the other answer options

D  Mitosis

A  haploid (2n)

B  haploid (n)

C  diploid (n)

D  diploid (2n)

A  23

B  2

C  46

D  92

A  mitosis

B  meiosis

C  cloning

D  surrogate growth

A  At the completion of plant cell mitosis

B  At the completion of animal cell mitosis

C  In the middle of animal cell mitosis

D  In the middle of plant cell mitosis

A  Nuclear membrane dissolves, chromosomes line up, sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane forms

B  Chromosomes line up, nuclear membrane forms, nuclear membrane dissolves, sister chromatids split

C  Sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane dissolves, nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes line up

D  Nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes line up, sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane dissolves

A  Crossing over

B  Independent assortment

C  Random fertilization

D  All of the other answer options generate genetic variation

A  mitosis

B  chromosome duplication

C  interphase

D  meiosis

A  Genomes

B  Homologous chromosomes

C  Daughter cells

D  Sister chromatids

A  Yes, the number of chromosomes is a good indicator of an organism’s complexity, but the amount of DNA matters even more.

B  It depends on the type of cells of the organism.

C  Yes, the number of chromosomes indicates how complex an organism is.

D  No, the number of chromosomes does not indicate how complex an organism is.

A  binary fission

B  meiosis

C  mitosis

D  fertilization

A  unique mRNA sequences

B  unique set of short tandem repeats within DNA

C  unique set of genes

D  unique fingerprints

A  It depends on whether it is male or female.

B  Surrogate mother

C  Egg donor

D  DNA donor

A  There is not enough information provided to answer

B  No, only the genes would be copied.

C  No, the PCR machine can only copy fragments of DNA.

D  Yes, that is its primary function.

A  Chemical factors that can treat cancer

B  Physical or chemical factors that can lead to mutations causing cancer

C  Errors during DNA replication

D  The only source of mutations in cells

A  During embryonic development

B  During mitosis

C  During replication

D  During meiosis

A  No, since they don’t contain the same DNA

B  No, since they don’t all need to make the same proteins

C  Yes, since they all contain the same DNA

D  Yes, since they all make the same proteins

A  Bacterial insulin is similar enough to human insulin to serve the same purpose.

B  Typical bacterial insulin is exactly the same as human insulin.

C  The gene that produces insulin in humans was inserted into the bacteria where it continues to produce human insulin.

D  The insulin-producing gene of bacteria was altered to have the same base sequence as the human counterpart and now produces the human version of insulin.

A  Amino acids

B  Ribosome

C  Codons

D  Anticodons

A  CGGTUUTG

B  CGGUAAUG

C  CGGTAATG

D  GCCAUUAC

A  thymine

B  uracil

C  adenine

D  guanine

A  All of the other answer options are correct

B  Promoters are regions of DNA where RNA polymerase can bind to start transcription

C  Promoters are regions of DNA that indicates the start of a gene

D  Promoters act as a “start here” signal to help control gene expression

A  A section of DNA that codes for a portion of a protein

B  A discrete sequence of DNA nucleotides

C  All of the other answer options and more are part of the expanding definition of a gene.

D  A section of DNA that codes for one or more proteins

A  One of the bases is different.

B  DNA is double stranded, and RNA is a single strand.

C  All of the other answer options are correct.

D  They each contain a slightly different sugar molecule.

A  CGGATTC

B  AGGCTTA

C  ATTCGGA

D  TCCGAAT

A  The protein

B  The base

C  The phosphate group

D  The sugar molecule

A  A hydrogen bond

B  A ionic bond

C  A covalent bond

D  A peptide bond