Exam 2

A  O2

B  CO2

C  ATP

D  H2O

A  Electron transport chain

B  Calvin cycle

C  Glycolysis

D  Citric acid cycle

A  Yes, about as much as with oxygen.

B  Yes, but not quite as much as with oxygen.

C  Yes, but much less than with oxygen.

D  No, oxygen is required to harvest any energy from glucose.

A  Glycolysis

B  Fermentation

C  Electron transport chain

D  Citric acid cycle

A  ADP

B  ATP

C  ANP

D  NADP+

A  To produce oxygen

B  To produce carbon dioxide

C  To produce ATP

D  To produce sugars

A  For cellular respiration to produce ATP

B  For storage

C  For making cellulose, which makes the bulk of a plant

D  All of the other answer options are correct

A  Glycolysis

B  Fermentation

C  Calvin cycle

D  Citric acid cycle

A  It is split into two molecules of pyruvic acid.

B  It breaks down into carbon dioxide and water.

C  It is completely destroyed.

D  It loses a phosphate group and is converted to ADP.

A  It splits ATP molecules.

B  It is the source of electrons.

C  It excites electrons.

D  It fixes carbon into sugars.

A  It is the final electron acceptor.

B  It is split to form sugar.

C  It is the initial electron releaser.

D  It is a waste product in the light reactions.

A  Neither Stage 1 (the light reactions) nor Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)

B  Stage 1 (the light reactions)

C  Both Stage 1 (the light reactions) and Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)

D  Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)

A  ATP

B  CO2

C  Sugar

D  O2

A  Cold weather denatures the chlorophyll molecule, and it begins to reflect different colors.

B  The chlorophyll molecule is modified to absorb different wavelengths of light.

C  When leaves die, the chlorophyll molecules are no longer visible.

D  The chlorophyll molecule breaks down and other pigments now become visible.

A  There is no role, as animals do not have chloroplasts

B  To carry out photosynthesis

C  To produce sugars

D  To produce ATP

A  Only photosynthesis

B  Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration

C  Neither photosynthesis nor cellular respiration

D  Only cellular respiration

A  To convert the chemical energy of sugars into heat to maintain an elevated body temperature

B  To convert solar energy into the chemical energy of sugars

C  To convert the chemical energy of sugars into the chemical energy that fuels life’s processes

D  To convert kinetic energy into the chemical energy of sugars

A  A pencil on your desk

B  A pencil laying on the ground

C  A pencil hitting the ground after falling from your desk

D  A pencil falling from your desk

A  typically on the Y chromosome

B  located next to one another

C  expressed only in women or only in men

D  typically on the X chromosome

A  Single-gene traits

B  Polygenic inheritance

C  Incomplete dominance

D  Multiple alleles

A  The inheritance of one character has no effect on the inheritance of another character.

B  There are two versions of each trait, a dominant and a recessive; the one you get is random.

C  Segregation of homologous chromosomes is random.

D  The expression of one gene has no effect on the expression of another gene.

A  both of their alleles carry the same information

B  they can only express the recessive trait

C  their two alleles carry different information

D  they can only express the dominant trait

A  originate from the same parent

B  can be the same or can be different

C  are always different

D  are always the same

A  Meiosis

B  Both mitosis and meiosis

C  Mitosis

D  None of the other answer options

A  diploid (n)

B  haploid (2n)

C  diploid (2n)

D  haploid (n)

A  46

B  2

C  23

D  92

A  mitosis

B  meiosis

C  surrogate growth

D  cloning

A  In the middle of plant cell mitosis

B  In the middle of animal cell mitosis

C  At the completion of plant cell mitosis

D  At the completion of animal cell mitosis

A  Nuclear membrane dissolves, chromosomes line up, sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane forms

B  Chromosomes line up, nuclear membrane forms, nuclear membrane dissolves, sister chromatids split

C  Nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes line up, sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane dissolves

D  Sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane dissolves, nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes line up

A  Independent assortment

B  Crossing over

C  Random fertilization

D  All of the other answer options generate genetic variation

A  meiosis

B  interphase

C  mitosis

D  chromosome duplication

A  Genomes

B  Daughter cells

C  Sister chromatids

D  Homologous chromosomes

A  No, the number of chromosomes does not indicate how complex an organism is.

B  Yes, the number of chromosomes indicates how complex an organism is.

C  Yes, the number of chromosomes is a good indicator of an organism’s complexity, but the amount of DNA matters even more.

D  It depends on the type of cells of the organism.

A  fertilization

B  meiosis

C  mitosis

D  binary fission

A  unique set of short tandem repeats within DNA

B  unique set of genes

C  unique fingerprints

D  unique mRNA sequences

A  DNA donor

B  It depends on whether it is male or female.

C  Egg donor

D  Surrogate mother

A  There is not enough information provided to answer

B  Yes, that is its primary function.

C  No, the PCR machine can only copy fragments of DNA.

D  No, only the genes would be copied.

A  Errors during DNA replication

B  Physical or chemical factors that can lead to mutations causing cancer

C  The only source of mutations in cells

D  Chemical factors that can treat cancer

A  During meiosis

B  During mitosis

C  During replication

D  During embryonic development

A  Yes, since they all make the same proteins

B  No, since they don’t contain the same DNA

C  Yes, since they all contain the same DNA

D  No, since they don’t all need to make the same proteins

A  The insulin-producing gene of bacteria was altered to have the same base sequence as the human counterpart and now produces the human version of insulin.

B  Typical bacterial insulin is exactly the same as human insulin.

C  The gene that produces insulin in humans was inserted into the bacteria where it continues to produce human insulin.

D  Bacterial insulin is similar enough to human insulin to serve the same purpose.

A  Amino acids

B  Ribosome

C  Anticodons

D  Codons

A  GCCAUUAC

B  CGGTAATG

C  CGGTUUTG

D  CGGUAAUG

A  thymine

B  adenine

C  uracil

D  guanine

A  Promoters act as a “start here” signal to help control gene expression

B  All of the other answer options are correct

C  Promoters are regions of DNA that indicates the start of a gene

D  Promoters are regions of DNA where RNA polymerase can bind to start transcription

A  A section of DNA that codes for a portion of a protein

B  A discrete sequence of DNA nucleotides

C  A section of DNA that codes for one or more proteins

D  All of the other answer options and more are part of the expanding definition of a gene.

A  One of the bases is different.

B  They each contain a slightly different sugar molecule.

C  DNA is double stranded, and RNA is a single strand.

D  All of the other answer options are correct.

A  AGGCTTA

B  TCCGAAT

C  CGGATTC

D  ATTCGGA

A  The sugar molecule

B  The protein

C  The phosphate group

D  The base

A  A ionic bond

B  A covalent bond

C  A peptide bond

D  A hydrogen bond