Exam 2

A  ATP

B  H2O

C  O2

D  CO2

A  Glycolysis

B  Electron transport chain

C  Calvin cycle

D  Citric acid cycle

A  Yes, but not quite as much as with oxygen.

B  Yes, but much less than with oxygen.

C  No, oxygen is required to harvest any energy from glucose.

D  Yes, about as much as with oxygen.

A  Glycolysis

B  Electron transport chain

C  Fermentation

D  Citric acid cycle

A  ATP

B  ADP

C  ANP

D  NADP+

A  To produce oxygen

B  To produce carbon dioxide

C  To produce sugars

D  To produce ATP

A  For cellular respiration to produce ATP

B  For storage

C  For making cellulose, which makes the bulk of a plant

D  All of the other answer options are correct

A  Glycolysis

B  Citric acid cycle

C  Fermentation

D  Calvin cycle

A  It breaks down into carbon dioxide and water.

B  It loses a phosphate group and is converted to ADP.

C  It is completely destroyed.

D  It is split into two molecules of pyruvic acid.

A  It splits ATP molecules.

B  It is the source of electrons.

C  It excites electrons.

D  It fixes carbon into sugars.

A  It is a waste product in the light reactions.

B  It is the initial electron releaser.

C  It is the final electron acceptor.

D  It is split to form sugar.

A  Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)

B  Both Stage 1 (the light reactions) and Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)

C  Neither Stage 1 (the light reactions) nor Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)

D  Stage 1 (the light reactions)

A  CO2

B  O2

C  Sugar

D  ATP

A  The chlorophyll molecule is modified to absorb different wavelengths of light.

B  Cold weather denatures the chlorophyll molecule, and it begins to reflect different colors.

C  The chlorophyll molecule breaks down and other pigments now become visible.

D  When leaves die, the chlorophyll molecules are no longer visible.

A  To produce sugars

B  To produce ATP

C  To carry out photosynthesis

D  There is no role, as animals do not have chloroplasts

A  Only cellular respiration

B  Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration

C  Only photosynthesis

D  Neither photosynthesis nor cellular respiration

A  To convert solar energy into the chemical energy of sugars

B  To convert kinetic energy into the chemical energy of sugars

C  To convert the chemical energy of sugars into the chemical energy that fuels life’s processes

D  To convert the chemical energy of sugars into heat to maintain an elevated body temperature

A  A pencil laying on the ground

B  A pencil on your desk

C  A pencil hitting the ground after falling from your desk

D  A pencil falling from your desk

A  expressed only in women or only in men

B  located next to one another

C  typically on the X chromosome

D  typically on the Y chromosome

A  Multiple alleles

B  Polygenic inheritance

C  Single-gene traits

D  Incomplete dominance

A  The expression of one gene has no effect on the expression of another gene.

B  The inheritance of one character has no effect on the inheritance of another character.

C  There are two versions of each trait, a dominant and a recessive; the one you get is random.

D  Segregation of homologous chromosomes is random.

A  they can only express the dominant trait

B  their two alleles carry different information

C  they can only express the recessive trait

D  both of their alleles carry the same information

A  are always the same

B  originate from the same parent

C  can be the same or can be different

D  are always different

A  Both mitosis and meiosis

B  None of the other answer options

C  Mitosis

D  Meiosis

A  haploid (n)

B  diploid (2n)

C  haploid (2n)

D  diploid (n)

A  23

B  46

C  2

D  92

A  mitosis

B  surrogate growth

C  meiosis

D  cloning

A  In the middle of plant cell mitosis

B  At the completion of plant cell mitosis

C  At the completion of animal cell mitosis

D  In the middle of animal cell mitosis

A  Nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes line up, sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane dissolves

B  Chromosomes line up, nuclear membrane forms, nuclear membrane dissolves, sister chromatids split

C  Sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane dissolves, nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes line up

D  Nuclear membrane dissolves, chromosomes line up, sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane forms

A  All of the other answer options generate genetic variation

B  Random fertilization

C  Independent assortment

D  Crossing over

A  interphase

B  meiosis

C  chromosome duplication

D  mitosis

A  Genomes

B  Homologous chromosomes

C  Daughter cells

D  Sister chromatids

A  No, the number of chromosomes does not indicate how complex an organism is.

B  Yes, the number of chromosomes is a good indicator of an organism’s complexity, but the amount of DNA matters even more.

C  Yes, the number of chromosomes indicates how complex an organism is.

D  It depends on the type of cells of the organism.

A  fertilization

B  meiosis

C  binary fission

D  mitosis

A  unique set of genes

B  unique fingerprints

C  unique mRNA sequences

D  unique set of short tandem repeats within DNA

A  DNA donor

B  Egg donor

C  It depends on whether it is male or female.

D  Surrogate mother

A  No, only the genes would be copied.

B  There is not enough information provided to answer

C  Yes, that is its primary function.

D  No, the PCR machine can only copy fragments of DNA.

A  Errors during DNA replication

B  Chemical factors that can treat cancer

C  The only source of mutations in cells

D  Physical or chemical factors that can lead to mutations causing cancer

A  During replication

B  During meiosis

C  During embryonic development

D  During mitosis

A  Yes, since they all contain the same DNA

B  Yes, since they all make the same proteins

C  No, since they don’t contain the same DNA

D  No, since they don’t all need to make the same proteins

A  Bacterial insulin is similar enough to human insulin to serve the same purpose.

B  The insulin-producing gene of bacteria was altered to have the same base sequence as the human counterpart and now produces the human version of insulin.

C  The gene that produces insulin in humans was inserted into the bacteria where it continues to produce human insulin.

D  Typical bacterial insulin is exactly the same as human insulin.

A  Codons

B  Anticodons

C  Amino acids

D  Ribosome

A  CGGTUUTG

B  GCCAUUAC

C  CGGUAAUG

D  CGGTAATG

A  guanine

B  adenine

C  uracil

D  thymine

A  Promoters are regions of DNA where RNA polymerase can bind to start transcription

B  All of the other answer options are correct

C  Promoters act as a “start here” signal to help control gene expression

D  Promoters are regions of DNA that indicates the start of a gene

A  A discrete sequence of DNA nucleotides

B  A section of DNA that codes for a portion of a protein

C  A section of DNA that codes for one or more proteins

D  All of the other answer options and more are part of the expanding definition of a gene.

A  All of the other answer options are correct.

B  One of the bases is different.

C  DNA is double stranded, and RNA is a single strand.

D  They each contain a slightly different sugar molecule.

A  ATTCGGA

B  AGGCTTA

C  CGGATTC

D  TCCGAAT

A  The protein

B  The phosphate group

C  The sugar molecule

D  The base

A  A covalent bond

B  A peptide bond

C  A ionic bond

D  A hydrogen bond