Exam 2

A  CO2

B  O2

C  ATP

D  H2O

A  Calvin cycle

B  Citric acid cycle

C  Glycolysis

D  Electron transport chain

A  Yes, but much less than with oxygen.

B  No, oxygen is required to harvest any energy from glucose.

C  Yes, about as much as with oxygen.

D  Yes, but not quite as much as with oxygen.

A  Citric acid cycle

B  Fermentation

C  Glycolysis

D  Electron transport chain

A  ATP

B  ADP

C  NADP+

D  ANP

A  To produce carbon dioxide

B  To produce oxygen

C  To produce sugars

D  To produce ATP

A  All of the other answer options are correct

B  For making cellulose, which makes the bulk of a plant

C  For storage

D  For cellular respiration to produce ATP

A  Glycolysis

B  Fermentation

C  Citric acid cycle

D  Calvin cycle

A  It is split into two molecules of pyruvic acid.

B  It is completely destroyed.

C  It breaks down into carbon dioxide and water.

D  It loses a phosphate group and is converted to ADP.

A  It fixes carbon into sugars.

B  It is the source of electrons.

C  It splits ATP molecules.

D  It excites electrons.

A  It is split to form sugar.

B  It is the initial electron releaser.

C  It is the final electron acceptor.

D  It is a waste product in the light reactions.

A  Stage 1 (the light reactions)

B  Neither Stage 1 (the light reactions) nor Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)

C  Both Stage 1 (the light reactions) and Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)

D  Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)

A  ATP

B  CO2

C  O2

D  Sugar

A  The chlorophyll molecule is modified to absorb different wavelengths of light.

B  When leaves die, the chlorophyll molecules are no longer visible.

C  The chlorophyll molecule breaks down and other pigments now become visible.

D  Cold weather denatures the chlorophyll molecule, and it begins to reflect different colors.

A  To produce sugars

B  To produce ATP

C  To carry out photosynthesis

D  There is no role, as animals do not have chloroplasts

A  Only photosynthesis

B  Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration

C  Neither photosynthesis nor cellular respiration

D  Only cellular respiration

A  To convert solar energy into the chemical energy of sugars

B  To convert the chemical energy of sugars into the chemical energy that fuels life’s processes

C  To convert the chemical energy of sugars into heat to maintain an elevated body temperature

D  To convert kinetic energy into the chemical energy of sugars

A  A pencil hitting the ground after falling from your desk

B  A pencil laying on the ground

C  A pencil on your desk

D  A pencil falling from your desk

A  typically on the Y chromosome

B  located next to one another

C  typically on the X chromosome

D  expressed only in women or only in men

A  Multiple alleles

B  Incomplete dominance

C  Polygenic inheritance

D  Single-gene traits

A  Segregation of homologous chromosomes is random.

B  There are two versions of each trait, a dominant and a recessive; the one you get is random.

C  The expression of one gene has no effect on the expression of another gene.

D  The inheritance of one character has no effect on the inheritance of another character.

A  they can only express the recessive trait

B  their two alleles carry different information

C  both of their alleles carry the same information

D  they can only express the dominant trait

A  can be the same or can be different

B  are always the same

C  are always different

D  originate from the same parent

A  None of the other answer options

B  Both mitosis and meiosis

C  Meiosis

D  Mitosis

A  haploid (2n)

B  haploid (n)

C  diploid (n)

D  diploid (2n)

A  2

B  92

C  46

D  23

A  mitosis

B  surrogate growth

C  cloning

D  meiosis

A  In the middle of plant cell mitosis

B  At the completion of plant cell mitosis

C  In the middle of animal cell mitosis

D  At the completion of animal cell mitosis

A  Chromosomes line up, nuclear membrane forms, nuclear membrane dissolves, sister chromatids split

B  Sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane dissolves, nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes line up

C  Nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes line up, sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane dissolves

D  Nuclear membrane dissolves, chromosomes line up, sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane forms

A  Independent assortment

B  All of the other answer options generate genetic variation

C  Random fertilization

D  Crossing over

A  interphase

B  mitosis

C  meiosis

D  chromosome duplication

A  Homologous chromosomes

B  Sister chromatids

C  Genomes

D  Daughter cells

A  No, the number of chromosomes does not indicate how complex an organism is.

B  Yes, the number of chromosomes indicates how complex an organism is.

C  It depends on the type of cells of the organism.

D  Yes, the number of chromosomes is a good indicator of an organism’s complexity, but the amount of DNA matters even more.

A  meiosis

B  fertilization

C  mitosis

D  binary fission

A  unique set of genes

B  unique set of short tandem repeats within DNA

C  unique mRNA sequences

D  unique fingerprints

A  It depends on whether it is male or female.

B  Surrogate mother

C  DNA donor

D  Egg donor

A  No, only the genes would be copied.

B  Yes, that is its primary function.

C  No, the PCR machine can only copy fragments of DNA.

D  There is not enough information provided to answer

A  Chemical factors that can treat cancer

B  The only source of mutations in cells

C  Errors during DNA replication

D  Physical or chemical factors that can lead to mutations causing cancer

A  During replication

B  During meiosis

C  During embryonic development

D  During mitosis

A  Yes, since they all make the same proteins

B  No, since they don’t all need to make the same proteins

C  No, since they don’t contain the same DNA

D  Yes, since they all contain the same DNA

A  Typical bacterial insulin is exactly the same as human insulin.

B  The insulin-producing gene of bacteria was altered to have the same base sequence as the human counterpart and now produces the human version of insulin.

C  Bacterial insulin is similar enough to human insulin to serve the same purpose.

D  The gene that produces insulin in humans was inserted into the bacteria where it continues to produce human insulin.

A  Anticodons

B  Codons

C  Ribosome

D  Amino acids

A  CGGTAATG

B  CGGUAAUG

C  GCCAUUAC

D  CGGTUUTG

A  guanine

B  adenine

C  uracil

D  thymine

A  All of the other answer options are correct

B  Promoters are regions of DNA that indicates the start of a gene

C  Promoters are regions of DNA where RNA polymerase can bind to start transcription

D  Promoters act as a “start here” signal to help control gene expression

A  All of the other answer options and more are part of the expanding definition of a gene.

B  A section of DNA that codes for a portion of a protein

C  A section of DNA that codes for one or more proteins

D  A discrete sequence of DNA nucleotides

A  One of the bases is different.

B  All of the other answer options are correct.

C  DNA is double stranded, and RNA is a single strand.

D  They each contain a slightly different sugar molecule.

A  ATTCGGA

B  CGGATTC

C  TCCGAAT

D  AGGCTTA

A  The base

B  The phosphate group

C  The sugar molecule

D  The protein

A  A hydrogen bond

B  A ionic bond

C  A covalent bond

D  A peptide bond