Exam 2

A  ATP

B  O2

C  CO2

D  H2O

A  Calvin cycle

B  Citric acid cycle

C  Glycolysis

D  Electron transport chain

A  Yes, but much less than with oxygen.

B  Yes, but not quite as much as with oxygen.

C  Yes, about as much as with oxygen.

D  No, oxygen is required to harvest any energy from glucose.

A  Electron transport chain

B  Glycolysis

C  Fermentation

D  Citric acid cycle

A  NADP+

B  ANP

C  ADP

D  ATP

A  To produce carbon dioxide

B  To produce sugars

C  To produce ATP

D  To produce oxygen

A  For storage

B  For cellular respiration to produce ATP

C  All of the other answer options are correct

D  For making cellulose, which makes the bulk of a plant

A  Calvin cycle

B  Fermentation

C  Citric acid cycle

D  Glycolysis

A  It loses a phosphate group and is converted to ADP.

B  It is completely destroyed.

C  It breaks down into carbon dioxide and water.

D  It is split into two molecules of pyruvic acid.

A  It is the source of electrons.

B  It fixes carbon into sugars.

C  It splits ATP molecules.

D  It excites electrons.

A  It is the initial electron releaser.

B  It is split to form sugar.

C  It is the final electron acceptor.

D  It is a waste product in the light reactions.

A  Both Stage 1 (the light reactions) and Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)

B  Stage 1 (the light reactions)

C  Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)

D  Neither Stage 1 (the light reactions) nor Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)

A  ATP

B  CO2

C  O2

D  Sugar

A  The chlorophyll molecule is modified to absorb different wavelengths of light.

B  When leaves die, the chlorophyll molecules are no longer visible.

C  Cold weather denatures the chlorophyll molecule, and it begins to reflect different colors.

D  The chlorophyll molecule breaks down and other pigments now become visible.

A  To produce ATP

B  There is no role, as animals do not have chloroplasts

C  To carry out photosynthesis

D  To produce sugars

A  Neither photosynthesis nor cellular respiration

B  Only cellular respiration

C  Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration

D  Only photosynthesis

A  To convert the chemical energy of sugars into the chemical energy that fuels life’s processes

B  To convert the chemical energy of sugars into heat to maintain an elevated body temperature

C  To convert kinetic energy into the chemical energy of sugars

D  To convert solar energy into the chemical energy of sugars

A  A pencil laying on the ground

B  A pencil on your desk

C  A pencil hitting the ground after falling from your desk

D  A pencil falling from your desk

A  typically on the Y chromosome

B  expressed only in women or only in men

C  typically on the X chromosome

D  located next to one another

A  Polygenic inheritance

B  Multiple alleles

C  Incomplete dominance

D  Single-gene traits

A  There are two versions of each trait, a dominant and a recessive; the one you get is random.

B  Segregation of homologous chromosomes is random.

C  The inheritance of one character has no effect on the inheritance of another character.

D  The expression of one gene has no effect on the expression of another gene.

A  their two alleles carry different information

B  both of their alleles carry the same information

C  they can only express the recessive trait

D  they can only express the dominant trait

A  can be the same or can be different

B  originate from the same parent

C  are always different

D  are always the same

A  Mitosis

B  None of the other answer options

C  Both mitosis and meiosis

D  Meiosis

A  haploid (n)

B  haploid (2n)

C  diploid (n)

D  diploid (2n)

A  2

B  46

C  92

D  23

A  cloning

B  meiosis

C  surrogate growth

D  mitosis

A  In the middle of animal cell mitosis

B  At the completion of animal cell mitosis

C  In the middle of plant cell mitosis

D  At the completion of plant cell mitosis

A  Nuclear membrane dissolves, chromosomes line up, sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane forms

B  Chromosomes line up, nuclear membrane forms, nuclear membrane dissolves, sister chromatids split

C  Nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes line up, sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane dissolves

D  Sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane dissolves, nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes line up

A  Independent assortment

B  Random fertilization

C  All of the other answer options generate genetic variation

D  Crossing over

A  chromosome duplication

B  meiosis

C  mitosis

D  interphase

A  Daughter cells

B  Genomes

C  Homologous chromosomes

D  Sister chromatids

A  Yes, the number of chromosomes indicates how complex an organism is.

B  No, the number of chromosomes does not indicate how complex an organism is.

C  It depends on the type of cells of the organism.

D  Yes, the number of chromosomes is a good indicator of an organism’s complexity, but the amount of DNA matters even more.

A  binary fission

B  fertilization

C  mitosis

D  meiosis

A  unique set of short tandem repeats within DNA

B  unique set of genes

C  unique fingerprints

D  unique mRNA sequences

A  Egg donor

B  DNA donor

C  It depends on whether it is male or female.

D  Surrogate mother

A  No, the PCR machine can only copy fragments of DNA.

B  Yes, that is its primary function.

C  There is not enough information provided to answer

D  No, only the genes would be copied.

A  Errors during DNA replication

B  Chemical factors that can treat cancer

C  The only source of mutations in cells

D  Physical or chemical factors that can lead to mutations causing cancer

A  During replication

B  During mitosis

C  During embryonic development

D  During meiosis

A  No, since they don’t contain the same DNA

B  Yes, since they all contain the same DNA

C  No, since they don’t all need to make the same proteins

D  Yes, since they all make the same proteins

A  The gene that produces insulin in humans was inserted into the bacteria where it continues to produce human insulin.

B  Typical bacterial insulin is exactly the same as human insulin.

C  Bacterial insulin is similar enough to human insulin to serve the same purpose.

D  The insulin-producing gene of bacteria was altered to have the same base sequence as the human counterpart and now produces the human version of insulin.

A  Ribosome

B  Amino acids

C  Anticodons

D  Codons

A  CGGTUUTG

B  CGGUAAUG

C  CGGTAATG

D  GCCAUUAC

A  thymine

B  guanine

C  uracil

D  adenine

A  Promoters are regions of DNA that indicates the start of a gene

B  Promoters act as a “start here” signal to help control gene expression

C  Promoters are regions of DNA where RNA polymerase can bind to start transcription

D  All of the other answer options are correct

A  A section of DNA that codes for one or more proteins

B  A section of DNA that codes for a portion of a protein

C  A discrete sequence of DNA nucleotides

D  All of the other answer options and more are part of the expanding definition of a gene.

A  All of the other answer options are correct.

B  DNA is double stranded, and RNA is a single strand.

C  They each contain a slightly different sugar molecule.

D  One of the bases is different.

A  AGGCTTA

B  CGGATTC

C  TCCGAAT

D  ATTCGGA

A  The sugar molecule

B  The protein

C  The phosphate group

D  The base

A  A peptide bond

B  A covalent bond

C  A ionic bond

D  A hydrogen bond