Exam 1

A  By checking whether the information was peer-reviewed

B  By checking whether the authors are well qualified

C  By checking whether the source of information is primary

D  All of the other answer options are ways to check whether a source is reliable

A  A primary source is the original material published by the scientists, whereas a secondary source is a description of the original material.

B  A primary source is the original material published by the scientists, whereas a secondary source is the raw data before scientists publish.

C  A primary source is the raw data before scientists publish, whereas a secondary source is a description of the original material.

D  There is no difference between primary and secondary sources.

A  This study can now be viewed on the Internet.

B  This study was published in a newspaper.

C  This study was not evaluated by other scientists.

D  This study was evaluated by qualified and impartial experts before being published.

A  Make two batches of cookies, one with bleached flour and one with unbleached flour; twenty tasters try both types and rank which type they like best.

B  Make two batches of cookies, both with bleached flour; one taster tries both types and ranks which type they like best.

C  Make two batches of cookies, one with bleached flour and one with unbleached flour; twenty tasters try both types without knowing which ones they are eating and rank which type they like best.

D  Make two batches of cookies, one with bleached flour and one with unbleached flour; one taster tries both types and ranks which type they like best.

A  The test group does not know whether they are receiving a placebo or the actual treatment, but the researchers do.

B  The test group knows whether they are receiving a placebo or the actual treatment, but the researchers do not know until all the data are collected.

C  The test group knows whether they are receiving a placebo or the actual treatment, and so do the researchers.

D  Neither the test group nor the researchers know whether the test group is receiving a placebo or the actual treatment until all the data are collected.

A  The controlled experiment

B  The hypothesis

C  The placebo

D  The dependent variable

A  The fertilizer amount

B  The plant size at the end of the growing season

C  The temperature

D  The tomato yield at the end of the growing season

A  The fertilizer amount

B  The tomato yield at the end of the growing season

C  The temperature

D  The plant size at the end of the growing season

A  repeatable

B  falsifiable

C  testable

D  All of the other answer options are important characteristics of hypotheses.

A  A hypothesis that has been supported by the evidence of one experiment

B  A hypothesis that has been supported by a large number of experiments

C  A proposed explanation for an observed phenomenon

D  A guess

A  The transformation of energy and matter

B  The relationship between structure and function

C  The theory of evolution by natural selection

D  The flow of information from DNA to proteins

A  is undertaken only by trained scientists in a controlled laboratory setting

B  is a rough recipe for answering questions, but the steps need not always need to be performed in the same order

C  is the means by which absolute truth can be uncovered

D  is a linear process that must be precisely followed at all times

A  Developing a hypothesis

B  Carrying out an experiment

C  Making an observation

D  Making a prediction

A  Skin consists of multiple cell types functioning as a single integrated unit.

B  Skin consists of multiple tissue types that cooperate to perform a specific task.

C  Skin is a vital component of multiple organ systems.

D  Skin consists of a single cell type.

A  population

B  ecosystem

C  species

D  community

A  Community → Ecosystem → Population → Tissue → Organ → Cell → Organelle → Atom

B  Biosphere → Community → Population → Tissue → Organ → Cell → Atom → Molecule

C  Ecosystem → Population → Community → Organ system → Organ → Cell → Molecule → Atom

D  Ecosystem → Community → Population → Organ → Tissue → Cell → Molecule → Atom

A  No, it does not possess all of the requirements for life.

B  Yes, it possesses enough of the requirements for life to be considered living.

C  Yes, it possesses all of the requirements for life.

D  No, it does not possess any of the requirements for life.

A  An organism

B  A molecule

C  A cell

D  An atom

A  in the rough endoplasmic reticulum

B  in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

C  in the Golgi apparatus

D  in the cytoplasm

A  DNA is the end point of protein production that allows cells to finish making proteins.

B  Proteins hold the instructions on how to make DNA.

C  DNA is not linked to the production of proteins.

D  DNA holds the instructions for the cells on how to make proteins.

A  Mitochondria

B  Nucleus

C  Chloroplasts

D  Lysosome

A  flagellum

B  vesicle

C  pilus

D  cilium

A  A protein

B  A carbohydrate

C  An information storage molecule

D  An energy molecule

A  Ribosome, Golgi apparatus

B  Nucleus, Golgi apparatus, ribosome

C  Nucleus, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus

D  Golgi apparatus, ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum

A  Transcription

B  Translation

C  Replication

D  Translocation

A  Transcription and translation both occur in the nucleus.

B  Transcription and translation both occur in the cytoplasm.

C  Transcription occurs in the cytoplasm, and translation occurs in the nucleus.

D  Transcription occurs in the nucleus, and translation occurs in the cytoplasm.

A  Chromosomes are strands of RNA, tightly wrapped up, that are in the cytoplasm.

B  Chromosomes are strands of DNA, tightly wrapped up, that are located everywhere in the cell.

C  Chromosomes are strands of RNA, loosely wrapped up, that are located everywhere in the cell.

D  Chromosomes are strands of DNA, tightly wrapped up, that are located in the nucleus.

A  A substance goes from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, and this requires energy.

B  A substance goes from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, and this requires energy.

C  A substance goes from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, and this releases energy.

D  A substance goes from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, and this releases energy.

A  hydrosmosis

B  osmosis

C  facilitated diffusion

D  simple diffusion

A  The plasma membrane

B  The chloroplast

C  The cell wall

D  The nucleus

A  Vacuole

B  Cell wall

C  Chloroplast

D  Mitochondria

A  It has DNA.

B  It has a nucleus.

C  It has ribosomes.

D  It is moving.

A  Eukaryotic cells evolved a lot earlier (over a billion years) than prokaryotic cells.

B  Prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells evolved at about the same time.

C  Prokaryotic cells evolved a lot earlier (over a billion years) than eukaryotic cells.

D  Scientists do not have any evidence regarding whether prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells evolved first.

A  Plasmids

B  Cell wall

C  Ribosomes

D  Plasma membrane

A  Peptide bond

B  Hydrogen bond

C  Protein bond

D  Polar bond

A  carbohydrate

B  protein

C  monomer

D  lipid

A  The reaction will proceed more slowly.

B  The reaction will stop completely.

C  The reaction will reverse.

D  The reaction will proceed more quickly.

A  The protein has a new shape.

B  The protein can no longer function properly.

C  All of the other answer options might happen

D  The amino acid chain folds incorrectly.

A  Saturated fat

B  Trans fat

C  Cholesterol

D  Unsaturated fat

A  True, because high levels of cholesterol lead to increased heart disease.

B  False, because cholesterol levels are not related to human health.

C  True, because high levels of cholesterol lead to obesity.

D  False, because some types cholesterol increase heart disease, but other types are necessary, especially in the plasma membrane.

A  hydrosynthetic reactions

B  hydrolysis reactions

C  osmotic reactions

D  dehydration synthesis reactions

A  Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids

B  Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and enzymes

C  Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and sugars

D  Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and sugars

A  neutral

B  alkaline

C  basic

D  acidic

A  Water is very dense in its liquid state, which allows it to bind to different substances as a solvent.

B  Water has a polar nature, and as such its polar molecules will bind to substances that have positive or negative charges.

C  Water is a heavy substance, and as such can disrupt pre-existing bonds.

D  Water is highly cohesive and adhesive, which allows it to bind to different substances as a solvent.

A  nonpolar

B  ionic

C  covalent

D  hydrogen

A  6 neutrons and 8 electrons

B  6 neutrons and 6 electrons

C  7 neutrons and 7 electrons

D  8 neutrons and 6 electrons

A  ion state

B  isotope

C  chemical element

D  chemical properties

A  Calcium

B  Carbon

C  Nitrogen

D  Oxygen

A  During a chemical reaction, molecules are rearranged.

B  There are chemical reactions close to you right now.

C  During a chemical reaction, atoms of one element can be converted into a different element.

D  The products of a chemical reaction always have the same mass as the reactants.

A  10 CO2 and 4 H2O

B  C10H8 and 10 CO2

C  12 O2 and 4 H2O

D  C10H8 and 12 O2