Exam 1

A  By checking whether the authors are well qualified

B  All of the other answer options are ways to check whether a source is reliable

C  By checking whether the source of information is primary

D  By checking whether the information was peer-reviewed

A  A primary source is the raw data before scientists publish, whereas a secondary source is a description of the original material.

B  A primary source is the original material published by the scientists, whereas a secondary source is the raw data before scientists publish.

C  A primary source is the original material published by the scientists, whereas a secondary source is a description of the original material.

D  There is no difference between primary and secondary sources.

A  This study can now be viewed on the Internet.

B  This study was evaluated by qualified and impartial experts before being published.

C  This study was not evaluated by other scientists.

D  This study was published in a newspaper.

A  Make two batches of cookies, one with bleached flour and one with unbleached flour; one taster tries both types and ranks which type they like best.

B  Make two batches of cookies, one with bleached flour and one with unbleached flour; twenty tasters try both types and rank which type they like best.

C  Make two batches of cookies, both with bleached flour; one taster tries both types and ranks which type they like best.

D  Make two batches of cookies, one with bleached flour and one with unbleached flour; twenty tasters try both types without knowing which ones they are eating and rank which type they like best.

A  The test group knows whether they are receiving a placebo or the actual treatment, but the researchers do not know until all the data are collected.

B  The test group knows whether they are receiving a placebo or the actual treatment, and so do the researchers.

C  The test group does not know whether they are receiving a placebo or the actual treatment, but the researchers do.

D  Neither the test group nor the researchers know whether the test group is receiving a placebo or the actual treatment until all the data are collected.

A  The hypothesis

B  The dependent variable

C  The placebo

D  The controlled experiment

A  The plant size at the end of the growing season

B  The temperature

C  The tomato yield at the end of the growing season

D  The fertilizer amount

A  The plant size at the end of the growing season

B  The tomato yield at the end of the growing season

C  The temperature

D  The fertilizer amount

A  falsifiable

B  All of the other answer options are important characteristics of hypotheses.

C  testable

D  repeatable

A  A hypothesis that has been supported by the evidence of one experiment

B  A proposed explanation for an observed phenomenon

C  A guess

D  A hypothesis that has been supported by a large number of experiments

A  The relationship between structure and function

B  The flow of information from DNA to proteins

C  The transformation of energy and matter

D  The theory of evolution by natural selection

A  is a linear process that must be precisely followed at all times

B  is a rough recipe for answering questions, but the steps need not always need to be performed in the same order

C  is undertaken only by trained scientists in a controlled laboratory setting

D  is the means by which absolute truth can be uncovered

A  Developing a hypothesis

B  Making a prediction

C  Making an observation

D  Carrying out an experiment

A  Skin consists of a single cell type.

B  Skin is a vital component of multiple organ systems.

C  Skin consists of multiple tissue types that cooperate to perform a specific task.

D  Skin consists of multiple cell types functioning as a single integrated unit.

A  species

B  ecosystem

C  population

D  community

A  Biosphere → Community → Population → Tissue → Organ → Cell → Atom → Molecule

B  Community → Ecosystem → Population → Tissue → Organ → Cell → Organelle → Atom

C  Ecosystem → Population → Community → Organ system → Organ → Cell → Molecule → Atom

D  Ecosystem → Community → Population → Organ → Tissue → Cell → Molecule → Atom

A  Yes, it possesses all of the requirements for life.

B  No, it does not possess any of the requirements for life.

C  Yes, it possesses enough of the requirements for life to be considered living.

D  No, it does not possess all of the requirements for life.

A  An atom

B  A cell

C  An organism

D  A molecule

A  in the cytoplasm

B  in the rough endoplasmic reticulum

C  in the Golgi apparatus

D  in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A  DNA is not linked to the production of proteins.

B  DNA is the end point of protein production that allows cells to finish making proteins.

C  Proteins hold the instructions on how to make DNA.

D  DNA holds the instructions for the cells on how to make proteins.

A  Lysosome

B  Chloroplasts

C  Nucleus

D  Mitochondria

A  cilium

B  vesicle

C  pilus

D  flagellum

A  A carbohydrate

B  An information storage molecule

C  An energy molecule

D  A protein

A  Nucleus, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus

B  Ribosome, Golgi apparatus

C  Nucleus, Golgi apparatus, ribosome

D  Golgi apparatus, ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum

A  Translocation

B  Translation

C  Transcription

D  Replication

A  Transcription occurs in the cytoplasm, and translation occurs in the nucleus.

B  Transcription and translation both occur in the nucleus.

C  Transcription occurs in the nucleus, and translation occurs in the cytoplasm.

D  Transcription and translation both occur in the cytoplasm.

A  Chromosomes are strands of RNA, tightly wrapped up, that are in the cytoplasm.

B  Chromosomes are strands of RNA, loosely wrapped up, that are located everywhere in the cell.

C  Chromosomes are strands of DNA, tightly wrapped up, that are located everywhere in the cell.

D  Chromosomes are strands of DNA, tightly wrapped up, that are located in the nucleus.

A  A substance goes from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, and this releases energy.

B  A substance goes from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, and this requires energy.

C  A substance goes from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, and this releases energy.

D  A substance goes from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, and this requires energy.

A  facilitated diffusion

B  osmosis

C  simple diffusion

D  hydrosmosis

A  The chloroplast

B  The cell wall

C  The nucleus

D  The plasma membrane

A  Chloroplast

B  Cell wall

C  Mitochondria

D  Vacuole

A  It has a nucleus.

B  It has ribosomes.

C  It is moving.

D  It has DNA.

A  Eukaryotic cells evolved a lot earlier (over a billion years) than prokaryotic cells.

B  Prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells evolved at about the same time.

C  Prokaryotic cells evolved a lot earlier (over a billion years) than eukaryotic cells.

D  Scientists do not have any evidence regarding whether prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells evolved first.

A  Plasma membrane

B  Plasmids

C  Ribosomes

D  Cell wall

A  Peptide bond

B  Polar bond

C  Protein bond

D  Hydrogen bond

A  lipid

B  carbohydrate

C  monomer

D  protein

A  The reaction will proceed more quickly.

B  The reaction will reverse.

C  The reaction will proceed more slowly.

D  The reaction will stop completely.

A  The protein can no longer function properly.

B  All of the other answer options might happen

C  The amino acid chain folds incorrectly.

D  The protein has a new shape.

A  Unsaturated fat

B  Cholesterol

C  Saturated fat

D  Trans fat

A  True, because high levels of cholesterol lead to obesity.

B  False, because cholesterol levels are not related to human health.

C  True, because high levels of cholesterol lead to increased heart disease.

D  False, because some types cholesterol increase heart disease, but other types are necessary, especially in the plasma membrane.

A  osmotic reactions

B  hydrosynthetic reactions

C  dehydration synthesis reactions

D  hydrolysis reactions

A  Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and enzymes

B  Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and sugars

C  Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and sugars

D  Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids

A  basic

B  neutral

C  acidic

D  alkaline

A  Water has a polar nature, and as such its polar molecules will bind to substances that have positive or negative charges.

B  Water is a heavy substance, and as such can disrupt pre-existing bonds.

C  Water is very dense in its liquid state, which allows it to bind to different substances as a solvent.

D  Water is highly cohesive and adhesive, which allows it to bind to different substances as a solvent.

A  covalent

B  ionic

C  nonpolar

D  hydrogen

A  6 neutrons and 8 electrons

B  8 neutrons and 6 electrons

C  7 neutrons and 7 electrons

D  6 neutrons and 6 electrons

A  isotope

B  ion state

C  chemical element

D  chemical properties

A  Calcium

B  Nitrogen

C  Carbon

D  Oxygen

A  During a chemical reaction, molecules are rearranged.

B  There are chemical reactions close to you right now.

C  The products of a chemical reaction always have the same mass as the reactants.

D  During a chemical reaction, atoms of one element can be converted into a different element.

A  12 O2 and 4 H2O

B  C10H8 and 12 O2

C  10 CO2 and 4 H2O

D  C10H8 and 10 CO2