Exam 1

A  By checking whether the information was peer-reviewed

B  By checking whether the authors are well qualified

C  All of the other answer options are ways to check whether a source is reliable

D  By checking whether the source of information is primary

A  A primary source is the raw data before scientists publish, whereas a secondary source is a description of the original material.

B  A primary source is the original material published by the scientists, whereas a secondary source is the raw data before scientists publish.

C  A primary source is the original material published by the scientists, whereas a secondary source is a description of the original material.

D  There is no difference between primary and secondary sources.

A  This study was published in a newspaper.

B  This study was not evaluated by other scientists.

C  This study was evaluated by qualified and impartial experts before being published.

D  This study can now be viewed on the Internet.

A  Make two batches of cookies, one with bleached flour and one with unbleached flour; one taster tries both types and ranks which type they like best.

B  Make two batches of cookies, one with bleached flour and one with unbleached flour; twenty tasters try both types without knowing which ones they are eating and rank which type they like best.

C  Make two batches of cookies, one with bleached flour and one with unbleached flour; twenty tasters try both types and rank which type they like best.

D  Make two batches of cookies, both with bleached flour; one taster tries both types and ranks which type they like best.

A  Neither the test group nor the researchers know whether the test group is receiving a placebo or the actual treatment until all the data are collected.

B  The test group knows whether they are receiving a placebo or the actual treatment, but the researchers do not know until all the data are collected.

C  The test group knows whether they are receiving a placebo or the actual treatment, and so do the researchers.

D  The test group does not know whether they are receiving a placebo or the actual treatment, but the researchers do.

A  The dependent variable

B  The controlled experiment

C  The hypothesis

D  The placebo

A  The tomato yield at the end of the growing season

B  The fertilizer amount

C  The temperature

D  The plant size at the end of the growing season

A  The plant size at the end of the growing season

B  The tomato yield at the end of the growing season

C  The temperature

D  The fertilizer amount

A  repeatable

B  testable

C  falsifiable

D  All of the other answer options are important characteristics of hypotheses.

A  A guess

B  A proposed explanation for an observed phenomenon

C  A hypothesis that has been supported by a large number of experiments

D  A hypothesis that has been supported by the evidence of one experiment

A  The theory of evolution by natural selection

B  The relationship between structure and function

C  The flow of information from DNA to proteins

D  The transformation of energy and matter

A  is a linear process that must be precisely followed at all times

B  is undertaken only by trained scientists in a controlled laboratory setting

C  is a rough recipe for answering questions, but the steps need not always need to be performed in the same order

D  is the means by which absolute truth can be uncovered

A  Making a prediction

B  Developing a hypothesis

C  Making an observation

D  Carrying out an experiment

A  Skin consists of multiple tissue types that cooperate to perform a specific task.

B  Skin consists of multiple cell types functioning as a single integrated unit.

C  Skin consists of a single cell type.

D  Skin is a vital component of multiple organ systems.

A  community

B  species

C  ecosystem

D  population

A  Ecosystem → Population → Community → Organ system → Organ → Cell → Molecule → Atom

B  Ecosystem → Community → Population → Organ → Tissue → Cell → Molecule → Atom

C  Biosphere → Community → Population → Tissue → Organ → Cell → Atom → Molecule

D  Community → Ecosystem → Population → Tissue → Organ → Cell → Organelle → Atom

A  No, it does not possess any of the requirements for life.

B  Yes, it possesses enough of the requirements for life to be considered living.

C  No, it does not possess all of the requirements for life.

D  Yes, it possesses all of the requirements for life.

A  A cell

B  An atom

C  An organism

D  A molecule

A  in the cytoplasm

B  in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

C  in the rough endoplasmic reticulum

D  in the Golgi apparatus

A  DNA holds the instructions for the cells on how to make proteins.

B  DNA is the end point of protein production that allows cells to finish making proteins.

C  Proteins hold the instructions on how to make DNA.

D  DNA is not linked to the production of proteins.

A  Chloroplasts

B  Mitochondria

C  Lysosome

D  Nucleus

A  pilus

B  vesicle

C  flagellum

D  cilium

A  An information storage molecule

B  A protein

C  An energy molecule

D  A carbohydrate

A  Ribosome, Golgi apparatus

B  Nucleus, Golgi apparatus, ribosome

C  Nucleus, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus

D  Golgi apparatus, ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum

A  Translocation

B  Transcription

C  Translation

D  Replication

A  Transcription and translation both occur in the cytoplasm.

B  Transcription and translation both occur in the nucleus.

C  Transcription occurs in the cytoplasm, and translation occurs in the nucleus.

D  Transcription occurs in the nucleus, and translation occurs in the cytoplasm.

A  Chromosomes are strands of RNA, loosely wrapped up, that are located everywhere in the cell.

B  Chromosomes are strands of DNA, tightly wrapped up, that are located in the nucleus.

C  Chromosomes are strands of DNA, tightly wrapped up, that are located everywhere in the cell.

D  Chromosomes are strands of RNA, tightly wrapped up, that are in the cytoplasm.

A  A substance goes from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, and this requires energy.

B  A substance goes from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, and this releases energy.

C  A substance goes from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, and this requires energy.

D  A substance goes from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, and this releases energy.

A  simple diffusion

B  facilitated diffusion

C  hydrosmosis

D  osmosis

A  The nucleus

B  The cell wall

C  The chloroplast

D  The plasma membrane

A  Mitochondria

B  Cell wall

C  Chloroplast

D  Vacuole

A  It has DNA.

B  It has ribosomes.

C  It has a nucleus.

D  It is moving.

A  Scientists do not have any evidence regarding whether prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells evolved first.

B  Eukaryotic cells evolved a lot earlier (over a billion years) than prokaryotic cells.

C  Prokaryotic cells evolved a lot earlier (over a billion years) than eukaryotic cells.

D  Prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells evolved at about the same time.

A  Plasmids

B  Cell wall

C  Plasma membrane

D  Ribosomes

A  Protein bond

B  Peptide bond

C  Polar bond

D  Hydrogen bond

A  lipid

B  protein

C  carbohydrate

D  monomer

A  The reaction will proceed more slowly.

B  The reaction will reverse.

C  The reaction will stop completely.

D  The reaction will proceed more quickly.

A  The protein has a new shape.

B  The protein can no longer function properly.

C  All of the other answer options might happen

D  The amino acid chain folds incorrectly.

A  Unsaturated fat

B  Trans fat

C  Cholesterol

D  Saturated fat

A  True, because high levels of cholesterol lead to obesity.

B  False, because some types cholesterol increase heart disease, but other types are necessary, especially in the plasma membrane.

C  False, because cholesterol levels are not related to human health.

D  True, because high levels of cholesterol lead to increased heart disease.

A  hydrosynthetic reactions

B  osmotic reactions

C  hydrolysis reactions

D  dehydration synthesis reactions

A  Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids

B  Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and enzymes

C  Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and sugars

D  Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and sugars

A  alkaline

B  basic

C  acidic

D  neutral

A  Water is highly cohesive and adhesive, which allows it to bind to different substances as a solvent.

B  Water has a polar nature, and as such its polar molecules will bind to substances that have positive or negative charges.

C  Water is very dense in its liquid state, which allows it to bind to different substances as a solvent.

D  Water is a heavy substance, and as such can disrupt pre-existing bonds.

A  hydrogen

B  covalent

C  ionic

D  nonpolar

A  7 neutrons and 7 electrons

B  6 neutrons and 8 electrons

C  6 neutrons and 6 electrons

D  8 neutrons and 6 electrons

A  ion state

B  chemical element

C  isotope

D  chemical properties

A  Calcium

B  Nitrogen

C  Oxygen

D  Carbon

A  During a chemical reaction, molecules are rearranged.

B  There are chemical reactions close to you right now.

C  The products of a chemical reaction always have the same mass as the reactants.

D  During a chemical reaction, atoms of one element can be converted into a different element.

A  12 O2 and 4 H2O

B  10 CO2 and 4 H2O

C  C10H8 and 10 CO2

D  C10H8 and 12 O2