Exam 5

A  Need for cognition

B  Need for achievement

C  Sensation seeking

D  Self-consciousness

A  children’s ethical behavior depends on their parents

B  children’s ethical behavior depends on their personality

C  children’s ethical behavior is genetically determined

D  children’s ethical behavior depends on the situation

A  characteristic ways that people differ from one another.

B  people’s unconscious processes.

C  the unique ways people learn behaviors.

D  a person’s feelings, thoughts, and attitudes

A  The honesty-humility dimension was added to describe people who are sincere, fair, and modest, not manipulative, narcissistic, or self-centered.

B  The honesty-humility dimension was added to describe people who are ambitious, independent, and optimistic, not pessimistic, interdependent, or lazy.

C  The honesty-trustworthy dimension was added to describe people are truthful, empathetic, and noncompetitive, not liars, callousness, or apathy.

D  The honesty-trustworthy dimension was added to describe people are defensive, manipulative, and gregarious, not shy, agreeable, or authentic.

A  agreeableness

B  openness

C  extraversion

D  conscientiousness

A  With each increment of shock voltage, fewer participants obeyed, but about 65% still administered 450 volts (the highest level).

B  Approximately two-thirds of participants refused to continue participation well before the highest level (450 volts).

C  With each increment of shock voltage, a similar proportion of participants obeyed until the highest level (450 volts), where about 35% complied.

D  Approximately one-third of participants complied at the highest level of shock (450 volts).

A  Hollingsworth

B  Milgram

C  Leininger

D  Asch

A  German citizens’ willingness to go along with Nazi leaders during the Holocaust

B  The slave trade from Africa to the United States

C  The virtual eradication of Native Americans by the settlers in the United States

D  The Bolshevik revolution in Russia

A  The majority of participants reported that they were pleased to have participated in the research, so it does not seem to have been damaging to most of those who were involved.

B  Milgram’s participants were paid for their participation, so there is no legitimacy to the statement that the research was unethical.

C  Milgram’s research was certainly unethical, because he conducted it even though he was advised not to do so by his University’s Institutional Review Board (IRB).

D  Milgram conducted a follow-up survey of his participants, and most of them indicated that they were very angry at having been deceived. This means that the research was likely unethical.

A  informational influence

B  fixed action patterns

C  obedience

D  normative influence

A  She has seen the police officer ask others who have disobeyed.

B  She suspects the police officer is off duty and friends with the stranger.

C  The stranger who needs help is not around or close to her in proximity.

D  She views the police officer as an authority figure.

A  Hierarchies are natural, some groups are simply better than others.

B  Even with strong work ethic some people don’t have the opportunity to advance.

C  With limited resources we should share economic capital to maintain stability.

D  Inequality is a socially constructed situation that should be changed.

A  paternalism

B  envy

C  contempt

D  admiration

A  implicit personality

B  blatant bias

C  schematic stratification

D  social identity

A  subtle bias

B  social dominance

C  right-wing authoritarianism

D  implicit bias

A  subtle prejudice

B  self-categorization

C  benevolent schemata

D  automatic bias

A  ambiguous

B  automatic

C  implicit

D  ambivalent

A  a stereotype.

B  a heuristic.

C  the self-serving bias.

D  discrimination.

A  The sunny day is making Jaden happy, helping him to recall what he ate for breakfast this morning when he was in a hurry.

B  Yesterday Janis was remembering all the hardships she’s been through in her life but today she felt happy after getting engaged.

C  John is currently sad and can more easily recall a time when he got in trouble for a late assignment.

D  Jasmine is feeling anxious but is having a difficult time recalling how nervous she was to give a public speech.

A  availability heuristic

B  schema

C  directional goal

D  affective forecasting

A  People may wait to make a decision on where to eat if they have a need for closure.

B  People may overestimate the intensity of future feelings.

C  People may be skeptical about evidence that goes against their directional goal.

D  People may ignore base-rates when judging representativeness.

A  availability

B  fluency

C  representativeness

D  shortcut

A  They will show resistance when being primed about a topic.

B  Their direct, self-reports will best predict behavior such as their choice to purchase designer jeans.

C  They are unaware they hold an actual bias, such as a bias towards an ethnic minority.

D  They are quicker at evaluating or categorizing attitude objects.

A  compare and contrast

B    

C  similarity

D  availability

E  representativeness

A  form the impressions he makes of these club members after only one meeting

B  carefully form the impressions he makes of these club members only after repeated meetings

C  form the most positive impressions of those with whom he interacted least

D  not form impressions of these club members on physical characteristics