Exam 5

A The honesty-humility dimension was added to describe people who are ambitious, independent, and optimistic, not pessimistic, interdependent, or lazy.

B The honesty-trustworthy dimension was added to describe people are truthful, empathetic, and noncompetitive, not liars, callousness, or apathy.

C The honesty-trustworthy dimension was added to describe people are defensive, manipulative, and gregarious, not shy, agreeable, or authentic.

D The honesty-humility dimension was added to describe people who are sincere, fair, and modest, not manipulative, narcissistic, or self-centered.

Question #5

Dianne has a reputation for being a difficult person. She is suspicious of others, unhelpful, and not very compassionate. Which of the Big 5 factors of personality would Dianne likely score low in?

A conscientiousness

B agreeableness

C extraversion

D openness

Question #6

Which of the following is true of Milgram’s (1963, 1965, 1974) research on obedience to authority?

A Approximately one-third of participants complied at the highest level of shock (450 volts).

B With each increment of shock voltage, a similar proportion of participants obeyed until the highest level (450 volts), where about 35% complied.

C With each increment of shock voltage, fewer participants obeyed, but about 65% still administered 450 volts (the highest level).

D Approximately two-thirds of participants refused to continue participation well before the highest level (450 volts).

Question #7

Which researcher produced the famous studies of obedience that involved deceiving participants into believing that they were delivering electric shocks to a helpless victim?

A Hollingsworth

B Asch

C Leininger

D Milgram

Question #8

Which historical event led directly to Milgram’s research on obedience?

A The virtual eradication of Native Americans by the settlers in the United States

B The Bolshevik revolution in Russia

C The slave trade from Africa to the United States

D German citizens’ willingness to go along with Nazi leaders during the Holocaust

Question #9

Ethical concerns have been raised about Stanley Milgram’s obedience research. Specifically, some have suggested that the project caused too much distress in the participants, distress that could not be justified. If you were asked your opinion of this issue, which of the following would be a legitimate response?

A Milgram conducted a follow-up survey of his participants, and most of them indicated that they were very angry at having been deceived. This means that the research was likely unethical.

B The majority of participants reported that they were pleased to have participated in the research, so it does not seem to have been damaging to most of those who were involved.

C Milgram’s research was certainly unethical, because he conducted it even though he was advised not to do so by his University’s Institutional Review Board (IRB).

D Milgram’s participants were paid for their participation, so there is no legitimacy to the statement that the research was unethical.

Question #10

Nora has decided to visit the new community recreation center for a swim. As she enters the change room she notices both of the two other people present put their shoes into a locker. Before she walks out to the pool she does the same. What concept helps explain her actions?

A normative influence

B informational influence

C obedience

D fixed action patterns

Question #11

Walking down the street, Areanna is approached by a police officer. The police officer encourages Areanna to be a Good Samaritan and put money in a parking meter that’s about to expire on a stranger’s car. What factors might lead Areanna to obey this police officer’s order and help pay for the parking meter?

A The stranger who needs help is not around or close to her in proximity.

B She suspects the police officer is off duty and friends with the stranger.

C She views the police officer as an authority figure.

D She has seen the police officer ask others who have disobeyed.

Question #12

People who have a high social dominance orientation (SDO) are likely to agree with which of the following statements?

A Hierarchies are natural, some groups are simply better than others.

B Inequality is a socially constructed situation that should be changed.

C With limited resources we should share economic capital to maintain stability.

D Even with strong work ethic some people don’t have the opportunity to advance.

Question #13

According to the stereotype content model, what would be a person’s most likely response to a person who is perceived as being low in warmth and low in competence?

A envy

B admiration

C contempt

D paternalism

Question #14

According to ________ theory, people tend to categorize each other into groups and then show favoritism to their own group.

A implicit personality

B blatant bias

C schematic stratification

D social identity

Question #15

Mordechai lives in a neighborhood where nearly every home is owned by other orthodox Jewish families. He is very upset when he finds out that a house on his block has been purchased by a family who is Catholic. He feels that Jewish families are better than others, and does not want this family to live on his block. Mordechai is demonstrating a ________ orientation.

A subtle bias

B implicit bias

C right-wing authoritarianism

D social dominance

Question #16

16-year-old high school student Gregory thinks of himself as a member of the “musical clique” at school and feels that the musicians are the best group of students. He thinks poorly of athletes and spends most of his time with peers who share similar interest. This is an example of __________ theory.

A automatic bias

B subtle prejudice

C self-categorization

D benevolent schemata

Question #17

Aversive racism is an example of ________ bias.

A ambivalent

B ambiguous

C implicit

D automatic

Question #18

Chukwudi believes that atheists cannot be trusted. As a result, he refuses to hire anyone who does not regularly attend church. Chukwudi’s action is an example of __________.

A the self-serving bias.

B a stereotype.

C discrimination.

D a heuristic.

Question #19

Mood-congruent memory is occurring in which of the following scenarios?

A Yesterday Janis was remembering all the hardships she’s been through in her life but today she felt happy after getting engaged.

B John is currently sad and can more easily recall a time when he got in trouble for a late assignment.

C Jasmine is feeling anxious but is having a difficult time recalling how nervous she was to give a public speech.

D The sunny day is making Jaden happy, helping him to recall what he ate for breakfast this morning when he was in a hurry.

Question #20

The durability bias occurs when a person overestimates how long their feelings might last. This bias is a type of:

A availability heuristic

B schema

C affective forecasting

D directional goal

Question #21

People are usually motivated in some way when making social judgments and decisions. What often occurs as a result of having directional goals?

A People may overestimate the intensity of future feelings.

B People may be skeptical about evidence that goes against their directional goal.

C People may wait to make a decision on where to eat if they have a need for closure.

D People may ignore base-rates when judging representativeness.

Question #22

Javari is teaching a psychology class and tells his students, “Kenna is 31, single, outspoken, and bright. She majored in philosophy in college. As a student, Kenna was deeply concerned with discrimination and other social issues.” When Javari asked his class if it was more likely that Kenna was A) a bank teller or B) a bank teller AND a feminist, most people in his class chose option B. Javari explained that their answer was incorrect because their _____________ heuristic led them astray.

A fluency

B shortcut

C availability

D representativeness

Question #23

Which of the following is a possible outcome when individuals’ implicit and explicit attitudes do not match?

A They are unaware they hold an actual bias, such as a bias towards an ethnic minority.

B They will show resistance when being primed about a topic.

C They are quicker at evaluating or categorizing attitude objects.

D Their direct, self-reports will best predict behavior such as their choice to purchase designer jeans.

Question #24

The ________ heuristic is one in which the likelihood of an object belonging to a category is evaluated based on the extent to which the object appears similar to one’s mental conceptualization of the category.

A similarity

B representativeness

C compare and contrast

E availability

Question #25

Randy has joined a new social club on campus. Is it likely that Randy will:

A form the most positive impressions of those with whom he interacted least

B not form impressions of these club members on physical characteristics

C carefully form the impressions he makes of these club members only after repeated meetings

D form the impressions he makes of these club members after only one meeting

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