Exam 3

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Question #1

Who of the following completed Nobel Prize-winning research on how people think and make decisions?

A Daniel Kahneman

B Alfred Adler

C Max Bazerman

D Martin Seligman

Question #2

The Nobel Prize winning research of Tversky and Kahneman provided new insights about systematic and predictable __________ that influence individuals’ judgments.

A attributions

B algorithms

C heuristics

D biases

Question #3

When a person positively values the outcomes of others, giving them more than necessary from a desire to be fair the person is operating under the bounds of:

A ethicality

B willpowers

C awareness

D self-interest

Question #4

Susan ate a donut even though she is on a diet because they were at the morning meeting and she had skipped breakfast. Susan demonstrated bounded __________; the argument that we give greater weight to our immediate concerns, even when they are in opposition to our long-term goals.

A ethicality

B self-interest

C awareness

D willpower

Question #5

The tendency to inflate your own sense of competence or to be more certain than you should be is called __________.

A overconfidence

B intuition

C a type II error

D anchoring

Question #6

While humans try to make rational and logical decisions, we are prevented from doing so by our cognitive limitations that limit the quality and quantity of information available to us. This limitation is called:

A heuristics

B cognitive load

C overconfidence

D bounded rationality

Question #7

Howard Gardner proposed that:

A Intelligence is inherited.

B Intelligence tests measure one overarching ability.

C Intelligence is comprised of multiple intelligences – a model that claims there are eight different types of intelligence that are independent of each other.

D Analytical, Practical and Creative intelligences are related to each other.

Question #8

Which of the following pairs of psychologists were responsible for the first recognized test of intelligence quotient, or IQ?

A Binet and Simon

B Spearman and Galton

C Thurstone and Gladman

D Wechsler and Terman

Question #9

Banafsheh is a female student in a graduate program in pure mathematics. On the first day of classes, she notices that she is one of the only females in the group. Consequently, she feels more conscious of her gender in that situation. At the start of the class, the instructor gives each student a written quiz to assess their current level of knowledge. When taking this test, Banafsheh, being particularly aware of her gender, is most likely to experience which of the following phenomena?

A stereotype threat

B functional fixedness

C extrinsic motivation

D mental set

Question #10

Wechsler designed IQ tests that provide specific scores for different kinds of abilities. Performance items:

A test nonverbal abilities such as arithmetic knowledge

B test physical abilities such as the speed of writing

C test physical abilities such as hand to eye coordination

D test nonverbal abilities such as the ability to copy block designs

Question #11

The questions on Binet’s original intelligence test were developed by:

A including questions that should tap the abilities of adults as well as children

B Binet, who applied “reasonable standards” for each question selection

C teachers who were asked to submit questions they thought children of particular ages should be able to successfully answer

D psychologists who derived questions from their education experiences with children

Question #12

Rick has been working hard to make the Dean’s list this semester. At midterms he finds he has two exams on the same day. He studies for both exams the night before. If Rick wants to minimize the amount of retroactive interference he should:

A study for the afternoon exam for ¼ the time, then the morning exam for ¼ the time, then the afternoon exam again for ¼ the time, then the morning exam again for ¼ the time

B study for the afternoon exam first, then the morning exam

C study for the morning exam first then the afternoon exam

D study for the morning exam for ¼ the time, then the afternoon exam for ¼ the time, then the morning exam again for ¼ the time, then the afternoon exam again for ¼ the time

Question #13

In a study, researchers asked one group of participants to watch a video about two friends in an unpleasant argument. They asked another group of participants to watch the same video, but told participants that it was a video of two friends enjoying a lively discussion. Afterwards, the researchers notice that participants who were told the discussion was an argument were more likely to falsely report that the people in the video were yelling, frowning, and getting angry. This is an example of:

A cue overload

B misattribution effect

C misinformation effect

D source Amnesia

Question #14

The act of retrieval can have both positive and negative outcomes. On one hand, it improves the information just retrieved and increases the likelihood it will be retrieved again, a phenomenon called the _______________. On the other hand, it harms related information causing a person to forget such related information, a phenomenon called _____________.

A retrieval practice effect; retrieval-induced forgetting

B subtraction principle; addition effect

C retrieval-induced forgetting; retrieval practice effect

D addition effect; subtraction principle

Question #15

Marcela can clearly remember the moment she learned about the events of Sept. 11, 2001. She vividly recalls when her teacher walked in and turned on the news – the face of the firefighter she saw is permanently etched in her brain. She remembers who was sitting next to her and what she was wearing. This scenario describes what phenomenon?

A flashbulb memory

B misinformation effect

C retroactive interference

D proactive interference

Question #16

Your drive to school each day is pretty standard – you start your car, take the same route, and park in the same spot (or close to the same spot). One day, you are sitting at a red light when you witness a high speed car chase – complete with cops, a helicopter, and news vans. Even years later, you can recall lots of details from that drive. Which memory concept is associated with why you will remember that particular drive to school?

A distinctiveness

B proactive interference

C retroactive interference

D Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) effect

Question #17

When Carla was discussing the party with one of her friends, she was trying to remember a conversation she’d had. Carla was trying to access her:

A episodic memory

B implicit memory

C information processing memory

D semantic memory

Question #18

Our experiences that directly impact our brain though neural processes are referred to as:

A memory traces/engrams

B mnemonic devices

C retrieval cues

D cue overload

Question #19

The vestibular system is primarily responsible for ____________.

A processing location and motion; problems would make it difficult to balance

B sending pain and temperature signals from the skin to the brain; problems would make it difficult to feel pain

C transforming chemical smells into electrical signals; problems would make it difficult to smell

D encoding and processing faces; problems would make it difficult to recognize friends

Question #20

Although Dugan has the lower portion of his leg amputated he still sometimes feels and uncomfortable itching sensation from where his foot would be. This is an example of a _________.

A Phantom limb

B Hommunculus

C Somatotopic map

D Mechanoreceptor

Question #21

Sound quality can be divided into amplitude, timbre and pitch. Pitch is determined by the __________ of the sound waves.

A intensity

B complexity

C duration

D frequency

Question #22

Which of the following is the major difference between light and dark adaptation?

A Dark adaptations happens when cones are bleached and need time to replenish.

B Dark adaptation happens almost instantly while light adaptation occurs over the course of several minutes.

C Dark adaptation happens in black and white while light adaptation happens across the full range of color.

D Dark adaptations happens when rods are bleached and need time to replenish.

Question #23

Charlie works for a moving company. He can easily tell the difference in weight between two small boxes but cannot detect any difference at all between the weight of the washing machine and the weight of the dryer. This is an example of ____________.

A Top-down processing

B Weber’s Law

C Just Noticeable Differences

D Bottom-up processing

Question #24

Odorants bind with olfactory receptors in the ______________.

A primary somatosensory cortex

B olfactory epithelium

C anosmia

D cribriform plate

Question #25

Which of the following statements is true about taste?

A Taste is a “contact” sense while smell is a “chemical sense”

B All areas of the tongue contain taste receptor cells that are capable of responding to every taste

C Tastants are pleasant stimuli and odorants are unpleasant stimuli

D The back of the tongue contains receptors for bitter taste so that we can spit out potentially poisonous food

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