Lecture Exam 2

A  more fluid is absorbed and reabsorbed than is filtered.

B  more fluid is filtered than reabsorbed.

C  the fluid reabsorbed into the capillary exactly matches the amount filtered by the capillary.

A  show no change in their lumen size.

B  get smaller.

C  get larger.

A  vasoconstriction so that blood is shifted toward the rest of the circulatory system.

B  vasoconstriction so that they function as blood reservoirs.

C  vasodilation so that they function as blood reservoirs.

D  vasodilation so that blood is shifted toward the rest of the circulatory system.

A  crypts, trabeculae, and Reed-Sternberg cells.

B  a hilum that is located intermediate to two lobules.

C  lymphatic cells, extracellular matrix, and an incomplete connective tissue capsule.

D  central arteries and monocytes.

E  afferent vessels, efferent vessels, a cortex, and medulla.

A  opposite

B  similar

A  ingested or inhaled.

B  secreted by salivary glands.

C  in the lymph.

D  in the blood.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  NK cells

B  Dendritic cells

C  Mast cells

D  Alveolar macrophages

E  Cytokines

A  vasoconstriction, increased urine output, and therefore increased blood pressure.

B  vasoconstriction, decreased urine output, and therefore decreased blood pressure.

C  vasodilation, decreased urine output, and therefore increased blood pressure.

D  vasodilation, increased urine output, and therefore decreased blood pressure.

E  vasoconstriction, sodium retention, and therefore increased blood pressure.

A  includes a functional end artery that makes an arterial anastomosis.

B  is one in which blood flows through two capillary beds before being sent back to the heart.

C  is one in which multiple arteries converge on one organ or body region.

D  is one in which circulation to a large organ involves only one artery and one main (portal) vein.

E  is a simple circulatory system with an arteriovenous anastomosis.

A  hydrostatic pressure.

B  diffusion of both water and solutes.

C  endocytosis.

D  osmosis.

E  exocytosis.

A  will not affect

B  decreases

C  increases

A  allow for diffusion of metabolic wastes from the tissues.

B  allow for diffusion of nutrients and metabolic wastes.

C  allow for diffusion of nutrients to the tissues.

D  supply metarteriole with blood.

E  drain the capillary bed.

A  serotonin

B  perforin

C  complement

D  interferon

E  histamine

A  adaptive; attackers of pathogenic cells

B  innate; physical barriers to pathogen entry

C  innate; attackers of pathogenic cells

D  adaptive; physical barriers to pathogen entry

A  anastomosis, as one artery delivers blood and one vein drains the organ.

B  simple pathway, as its two capillary beds are separated by a portal vein.

C  anastomosis, as its two capillary beds are separated by a portal vein.

D  simple pathway, as one artery delivers blood and one vein drains the organ.

A  veins

B  capillaries

C  capillaries and veins

D  capillaries and arteries

E  arteries

A  Its cells are arranged in clusters that are circular in shape.

B  It contains a central artery.

C  It serves as a blood reservoir.

D  Its cells include T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, and macrophages.

A  the high amount of water in the blood, and it promotes diffusion out of the capillaries.

B  the proteins in the blood, and it promotes filtration.

C  the high amount of water in the blood, and it promotes filtration from arterioles.

D  the proteins in the blood, and it promotes reabsorption.

E  the pressure generated by the heart, and it favors osmosis into the arteriole end of the capillary bed.

A  Natural killer cells

B  Macrophages

C  Basophils

D  Neutrophils

E  Eosinophils

A  4; in the mediastinum

B  2; in the mediastinum

C  2; anterior to the laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple)

D  4; anterior to the laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple)

A  increases, as blood hydrostatic pressure rises.

B  decreases, as blood hydrostatic pressure decreases.

C  decreases, as blood colloid osmotic pressure decreases.

D  remains the same, as rises in blood osmotic pressure are offset by declines in tissue osmotic pressure.

E  increases, as blood colloid osmotic pressure rises.

A  5/3.

B  40 mmHg.

C  50 mmHg.

D  125 mmHg.

E  100 mmHg.

A  sustained increase in blood pressure that leads to compensatory vasodilation.

B  sustained decrease in resistance that leads to decreases in arterial pressure to maintain adequate blood flow.

C  sustained decrease in blood flow that leads to increases in arterial diameter to lower resistance and raise pressure.

D  sustained increase in blood flow that leads to decreases in venous resistance to keep blood pressure constant.

E  sustained increase in resistance that leads to increases in arterial pressure to maintain adequate blood flow.

A  None of the answers is correct.

B  tunica externa

C  tunica intima

D  tunica media

E  tunica interna

A  Filtration dominates at the venous end of a capillary bed, and is driven by hydrostatic pressure.

B  Filtration dominates at the venous end of a capillary bed, and is driven by osmotic pressure.

C  Filtration dominates at the arterial end of a capillary bed, and is driven by hydrostatic pressure.

D  Filtration dominates at the arterial end of a capillary bed, and is driven by osmotic pressure.

A  monocytes.

B  T-lymphocytes.

C  macrophages.

D  B-lymphocytes.

E  neutrophils.

A  Its blood is supplied by the splenic artery and drained by the splenic vein.

B  It has an outer cortex and inner medulla.

C  Its white pulp contains T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, and macrophages.

D  It is divided into sections by capsular extensions called trabeculae.

A  cisterna chyli.

B  lacteal.

C  trabeculum.

D  efferent lymphatic vessel.

E  afferent lymphatic vessel.

A  CAMs on leukocytes adhere to CAMs on endothelial cells of capillaries within injured tissues.

B  cells exit the blood by squeezing out between cells in the blood vessel wall.

C  chemical messengers are secreted that stimulate the sensation of pain that accompanies inflammation.

D  cells migrate along chemical gradients.

A  Elastic arteries

B  Elastic arteries and arterioles

C  Muscular arteries

D  Arterioles

E  Elastic and muscular arteries

A  In removing the breast, the blood supply to the nodes is removed and they will inevitably cease to function.

B  With the removal of the breast, there is no further need for lymph drainage and filtering in that part of the body.

C  The nerves that supply the axillary lymph nodes are often cut during the breast surgery.

D  It is impossible to remove the breast without physically damaging the lymph nodes.

E  The axillary lymph nodes receive lymph from the breast and may contain cancer cells.

A  increases the further the vessel is from the heart.

B  is greater in the inferior vena cava than in the common iliac vein.

C  is called the pulse.

D  is greater during diastole.

E  is called the blood pressure.

A  open when the tissue needs nutrients.

B  cause blood to flow directly from the metarteriole into the postcapillary venule.

C  control blood flow into the true capillaries.

D  close when the tissue’s needs have been met.

E  All of the answers are correct.

A  Spleen

B  Thymus gland

C  Tonsils

D  White bone marrow

E  Thyroid gland

A  Filtration involves bulk flow of fluid out of the blood, whereas reabsorption is bulk flow back into the blood.

B  The direction of filtration can be either into or out of the blood, but reabsorption always involves fluids entering the blood.

C  Filtration happens at the venule end of a capillary bed and reabsorption happens in feeder arterioles.

D  Filtration is driven by concentration gradients, whereas reabsorption depends on hydrostatic pressure.

A  f, g

B  c, d

C  b, c, e, f

D  a, b, e

E  b, c, d, g

A  a, b, d, e, f

B  b, d, e, f

C  a, c, d, e, f

D  a, b, d, f

E  a, d, f

A  Interstitial fluid

B  Whole blood

C  Intracellular fluid

D  Blood plasma

A  antigen-specific process that occurs in avascular tissue.

B  nonspecific process that occurs in vascularized tissue.

C  nonspecific process that occurs in avascular tissue.

D  antigen-specific process that occurs in vascularized tissue.

A  are the leading cause of high blood pressure.

B  are formed of the tunica media.

C  make the use of a skeletal muscle pump unnecessary for venous blood flow.

D  cause venous blood flow to go in only one direction.

E  are found only in the largest veins.

A  fenestrated arteries

B  distributing arteries

C  vasa vasorum

D  companion vessels

E  thoroughfare channels

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Sternum

B  Ribs

C  Vertebrae

D  Flat bones of the skull

E  Long bones of digits

A  be higher than normal.

B  be lower than normal.

A  Trabecula

B  Cortex

C  Capsule

D  Medulla

A  a decrease in both smooth muscle and elastic fibers and an increase in areolar connective tissue.

B  an increase in the relative amount of smooth muscle and a decrease in the relative amount of elastic fibers.

C  an increase in relative amounts of smooth muscle and elastic fibers and a decrease in endothelium.

D  a decrease in the relative amount of smooth muscle and an increase in the relative amount of elastic fibers.

A  cell-mediated immunity.

B  acquired immunity.

C  innate immunity.

D  adaptive immunity.

A  abdominopelvic wall.

B  upper limbs, breasts, and superficial thorax.

C  deep thoracic structures.

D  head and neck.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE