Lecture Exam 2

A  more fluid is absorbed and reabsorbed than is filtered.

B  more fluid is filtered than reabsorbed.

C  the fluid reabsorbed into the capillary exactly matches the amount filtered by the capillary.

A  get smaller.

B  get larger.

C  show no change in their lumen size.

A  vasodilation so that blood is shifted toward the rest of the circulatory system.

B  vasoconstriction so that blood is shifted toward the rest of the circulatory system.

C  vasodilation so that they function as blood reservoirs.

D  vasoconstriction so that they function as blood reservoirs.

A  a hilum that is located intermediate to two lobules.

B  lymphatic cells, extracellular matrix, and an incomplete connective tissue capsule.

C  central arteries and monocytes.

D  afferent vessels, efferent vessels, a cortex, and medulla.

E  crypts, trabeculae, and Reed-Sternberg cells.

A  opposite

B  similar

A  ingested or inhaled.

B  in the lymph.

C  secreted by salivary glands.

D  in the blood.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Mast cells

B  Alveolar macrophages

C  NK cells

D  Dendritic cells

E  Cytokines

A  vasoconstriction, decreased urine output, and therefore decreased blood pressure.

B  vasoconstriction, sodium retention, and therefore increased blood pressure.

C  vasodilation, decreased urine output, and therefore increased blood pressure.

D  vasodilation, increased urine output, and therefore decreased blood pressure.

E  vasoconstriction, increased urine output, and therefore increased blood pressure.

A  is one in which multiple arteries converge on one organ or body region.

B  is one in which blood flows through two capillary beds before being sent back to the heart.

C  is one in which circulation to a large organ involves only one artery and one main (portal) vein.

D  is a simple circulatory system with an arteriovenous anastomosis.

E  includes a functional end artery that makes an arterial anastomosis.

A  endocytosis.

B  exocytosis.

C  hydrostatic pressure.

D  diffusion of both water and solutes.

E  osmosis.

A  will not affect

B  decreases

C  increases

A  allow for diffusion of metabolic wastes from the tissues.

B  supply metarteriole with blood.

C  drain the capillary bed.

D  allow for diffusion of nutrients to the tissues.

E  allow for diffusion of nutrients and metabolic wastes.

A  histamine

B  serotonin

C  complement

D  interferon

E  perforin

A  innate; attackers of pathogenic cells

B  innate; physical barriers to pathogen entry

C  adaptive; attackers of pathogenic cells

D  adaptive; physical barriers to pathogen entry

A  simple pathway, as its two capillary beds are separated by a portal vein.

B  simple pathway, as one artery delivers blood and one vein drains the organ.

C  anastomosis, as one artery delivers blood and one vein drains the organ.

D  anastomosis, as its two capillary beds are separated by a portal vein.

A  capillaries and veins

B  veins

C  capillaries and arteries

D  arteries

E  capillaries

A  Its cells are arranged in clusters that are circular in shape.

B  It serves as a blood reservoir.

C  It contains a central artery.

D  Its cells include T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, and macrophages.

A  the pressure generated by the heart, and it favors osmosis into the arteriole end of the capillary bed.

B  the proteins in the blood, and it promotes reabsorption.

C  the proteins in the blood, and it promotes filtration.

D  the high amount of water in the blood, and it promotes filtration from arterioles.

E  the high amount of water in the blood, and it promotes diffusion out of the capillaries.

A  Basophils

B  Neutrophils

C  Eosinophils

D  Natural killer cells

E  Macrophages

A  4; in the mediastinum

B  4; anterior to the laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple)

C  2; anterior to the laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple)

D  2; in the mediastinum

A  remains the same, as rises in blood osmotic pressure are offset by declines in tissue osmotic pressure.

B  increases, as blood hydrostatic pressure rises.

C  decreases, as blood colloid osmotic pressure decreases.

D  decreases, as blood hydrostatic pressure decreases.

E  increases, as blood colloid osmotic pressure rises.

A  100 mmHg.

B  5/3.

C  40 mmHg.

D  125 mmHg.

E  50 mmHg.

A  sustained decrease in resistance that leads to decreases in arterial pressure to maintain adequate blood flow.

B  sustained increase in blood pressure that leads to compensatory vasodilation.

C  sustained increase in resistance that leads to increases in arterial pressure to maintain adequate blood flow.

D  sustained decrease in blood flow that leads to increases in arterial diameter to lower resistance and raise pressure.

E  sustained increase in blood flow that leads to decreases in venous resistance to keep blood pressure constant.

A  tunica interna

B  tunica externa

C  tunica intima

D  None of the answers is correct.

E  tunica media

A  Filtration dominates at the venous end of a capillary bed, and is driven by hydrostatic pressure.

B  Filtration dominates at the arterial end of a capillary bed, and is driven by osmotic pressure.

C  Filtration dominates at the venous end of a capillary bed, and is driven by osmotic pressure.

D  Filtration dominates at the arterial end of a capillary bed, and is driven by hydrostatic pressure.

A  neutrophils.

B  T-lymphocytes.

C  monocytes.

D  B-lymphocytes.

E  macrophages.

A  It has an outer cortex and inner medulla.

B  Its white pulp contains T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, and macrophages.

C  Its blood is supplied by the splenic artery and drained by the splenic vein.

D  It is divided into sections by capsular extensions called trabeculae.

A  efferent lymphatic vessel.

B  lacteal.

C  trabeculum.

D  cisterna chyli.

E  afferent lymphatic vessel.

A  chemical messengers are secreted that stimulate the sensation of pain that accompanies inflammation.

B  CAMs on leukocytes adhere to CAMs on endothelial cells of capillaries within injured tissues.

C  cells exit the blood by squeezing out between cells in the blood vessel wall.

D  cells migrate along chemical gradients.

A  Arterioles

B  Elastic arteries

C  Elastic arteries and arterioles

D  Muscular arteries

E  Elastic and muscular arteries

A  The nerves that supply the axillary lymph nodes are often cut during the breast surgery.

B  It is impossible to remove the breast without physically damaging the lymph nodes.

C  With the removal of the breast, there is no further need for lymph drainage and filtering in that part of the body.

D  In removing the breast, the blood supply to the nodes is removed and they will inevitably cease to function.

E  The axillary lymph nodes receive lymph from the breast and may contain cancer cells.

A  increases the further the vessel is from the heart.

B  is greater during diastole.

C  is greater in the inferior vena cava than in the common iliac vein.

D  is called the blood pressure.

E  is called the pulse.

A  open when the tissue needs nutrients.

B  close when the tissue’s needs have been met.

C  cause blood to flow directly from the metarteriole into the postcapillary venule.

D  All of the answers are correct.

E  control blood flow into the true capillaries.

A  Tonsils

B  Spleen

C  Thymus gland

D  White bone marrow

E  Thyroid gland

A  The direction of filtration can be either into or out of the blood, but reabsorption always involves fluids entering the blood.

B  Filtration is driven by concentration gradients, whereas reabsorption depends on hydrostatic pressure.

C  Filtration happens at the venule end of a capillary bed and reabsorption happens in feeder arterioles.

D  Filtration involves bulk flow of fluid out of the blood, whereas reabsorption is bulk flow back into the blood.

A  b, c, d, g

B  f, g

C  b, c, e, f

D  a, b, e

E  c, d

A  a, c, d, e, f

B  a, b, d, f

C  a, d, f

D  a, b, d, e, f

E  b, d, e, f

A  Interstitial fluid

B  Blood plasma

C  Intracellular fluid

D  Whole blood

A  antigen-specific process that occurs in vascularized tissue.

B  nonspecific process that occurs in avascular tissue.

C  antigen-specific process that occurs in avascular tissue.

D  nonspecific process that occurs in vascularized tissue.

A  make the use of a skeletal muscle pump unnecessary for venous blood flow.

B  are formed of the tunica media.

C  are found only in the largest veins.

D  cause venous blood flow to go in only one direction.

E  are the leading cause of high blood pressure.

A  fenestrated arteries

B  thoroughfare channels

C  distributing arteries

D  vasa vasorum

E  companion vessels

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Sternum

B  Ribs

C  Flat bones of the skull

D  Long bones of digits

E  Vertebrae

A  be lower than normal.

B  be higher than normal.

A  Trabecula

B  Capsule

C  Medulla

D  Cortex

A  an increase in the relative amount of smooth muscle and a decrease in the relative amount of elastic fibers.

B  a decrease in both smooth muscle and elastic fibers and an increase in areolar connective tissue.

C  an increase in relative amounts of smooth muscle and elastic fibers and a decrease in endothelium.

D  a decrease in the relative amount of smooth muscle and an increase in the relative amount of elastic fibers.

A  adaptive immunity.

B  innate immunity.

C  cell-mediated immunity.

D  acquired immunity.

A  head and neck.

B  deep thoracic structures.

C  abdominopelvic wall.

D  upper limbs, breasts, and superficial thorax.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE