Exam 3

A  about half of what men earn

B  more than men earn in most occupations.

C  about 77 cents for every dollar men earn.

D  about the same as what men earn

A  ageism; Robert Butler

B  gender age; Francis E. Downey

C  gerotranscendence; Lars Tornstam

D  age cohort; C. Everett Koop

A  blue-colar jobs

B  white-collar jobs

C  low-paying Jobs

D  high-paying jobs

A  All races have the same origin; race is a status that cannot be changed

B  There is only one race; intelligence is based on race

C  Eventually there will only be one race; all races have the same origin

D  One race is superior to another; pure races exist

A  Human behavior is the result of nature and nurture working together.

B  Nurture is the dominant force in determining human behavior.

C  Nature is the dominant force in determining human behavior.

D  Neither nature nor nurture is responsible for determining human behavior.

A  between eight and ten years

B  for at least five or six years

C  for a year or less

D  until both children are 18 years of age

A  conflict theorists

B  symbolic interactionists

C  none

D  functionalists theorists

A  The personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being a male or female.

B  The degree of inequality between men and women in a society

C  The secondary sex characteristics of men and women

D  people’s sexual orientation

A  winning the right to vote for women

B  reforming all the institutions of society

C  campaigning to pass an Equal Rights Amendment

D  changing women’s work roles

A  Gender differences are based on social factors

B  Gender differences are based on genetic dispositions.

C  Gender differences are the result of biological differences.

D  Gender differences are based on physiological differences.

A  Being born male or female carries images and expectations on how one should act.

B  Gender is sociologically significant because it is the way in which society controls its members.

C  The terms “sex” and “gender” are sociologically and biologically interchangeable.

D  The world offers unequal access to power, prestige, and property based on one’s sex

A  the greater the level of education, the more births to single women

B  the lower the level of education, the fewer births to single women

C  There is no relationship between the level of education and births to single women.

D  the greater the level of education, the fewer births to single women

A  pluralistic minority

B  assimilationist minority

C  militant minority

D  secessionists minority

A  stereotyping

B  cronyism

C  institutional discrimination

D  individual discrimination

A  The ACLU took the Loving case to the U.S. Supreme Court, where the Court invalidated all anti-miscegenation laws in 1967.

B  Richard and Mildred Loving found very little support from whites.

C  The ACLU took the Loving case to the Virginia Supreme Court, where the Court invalidated the Virginia anti-miscegenation statute in 1965

D  None of the above is true.

A  Changes in John’s value system are the most likely cause.

B  Changes in the social structure are the most likely cause.

C  It is due to his unwillingness to work.

D  He is not intelligent enough to get a better job.

A  gender identity

B  machismo

C  sex

D  androgyny

A  brown power

B  white privilege

C  white power

D  white supremacy

A  craftsman

B  unskilled worker

C  bureaucrat

D  skilled laborer

A  Michael and Archie are equally likely to be prejudiced against Asians

B  Archie is more likely than Michael to be prejudiced against Asians.

C  No conclusion can be drawn from the statement.

D  Michael is more likely than Archie to be prejudiced against Asians.

A  Societies may define both “masculine” and “feminine” differently.

B  Some societies have no definitions for gender categories.

C  All societies define masculine in the same way.

D  All societies define feminine in the same way.

A  Coal power plants are disproprtionately placed in comminities of color.

B  Extreme cases of arthritis consitute examples of health related issues resulting from environmental racism.

C  There is the dumping of waste on Native American lands.

D  Environmental racism is a subtle form of racism.

A  They would improve the efficiency of nursing home operations

B  They would make licensure of nursing homes easier.

C  They would likely reduce the incidents of elderly abuse.

D  They would allow nursing homes to apply for more grants and reduce costs to families.

A  tends to be quite similar in all cultures

B  is entirely dependent upon fixed biological characteristics

C  varies, depending upon the society in which its meaning is constructed

D  is based on biological factors only

A  enforced norms of endogamy

B  class distinction for life based on ascription

C  movement up and down the class ladder

D  ownership of one group of people by another

A  genocide and pluralism

B  population transfer and genocide

C  assimilation and segregation

D  population transfer and segregation

A  She will be ultra conservative.

B  She will be more politically radical.

C  She will be apathetic towards politics.

D  She will probably become a socialist worker.

A  The top 20 percent of Americans earn nearly half the income.

B  The top two-thirds of Americans earn about two-thirds of the income.

C  Income earnings are just about evenly divided among all Americans.

D  The bottom 20 percent of Americans earn about 15 percent of the income.

A  neocolonialism

B  caste system

C  slavery

D  globalization

A  The class system existed before the other three.

B  The class system is not based on religion.

C  The class system works in democracies.

D  The class system has fluid boundaries.

A  absolute poverty

B  low-level poverty

C  transitional poverty

D  relative poverty

A  income distribution

B  social stratification

C  structural mobility

D  social reform

A  The workers share class consciousness.

B  The workers’ sense of fairness has been influenced by primogeniture.

C  The workers are experiencing false class consciousness.

D  The workers are victims of social stratification.

A  It was enacted by President Bill Clinton

B  It created the Temporary Aid to Needy Families program

C  It reformed U.S. welfare policy

D  It also had a significant impact on many in the upper-middle class.

A  Just as likely as people with low incomes to vote

B  are much less likely than people with low income to vote

C  More likely than people with low incomes to vote

D  Less likely than people with low incomes to vote