Exam 2

A  brainwashing

B  mental programming

C  group polarization

D  groupthink

A  A substantial number of people will inflict pain on others if ordered to do so by a person in a position of authority.

B  Most people conform to social norms, even when told to deviate from them by persons in authority.

C  Group conformity is the most important social relationship people seek to achieve.

D  Individualism is among the most cherished personal qualities one can possess.

A  dictatorial leader

B  laissez-faire leader

C  authoritative leader

D  democratic leader

A  formal control

B  inner control

C  pulls

D  pushes

A  social learning theory: we learn deviance from our peers

B  intelligence theory: low intelligence leads to deviant and criminal behavior

C  body type theory: people with muscular bodies are prone to be criminals

D  XYY” theory: the extra Y chromosome in males causes criminal behavior

A  Officer Friel is violating police ethics.

B  Officer Friel is employing police discretion.

C  Officer Friel is using reverse psychology on Mark.

D  Officer Friel is guilty of breaking the law.

A  They are all ritualists.

B  They are all retreatists.

C  They are all rebels

D  They are all conformists.

A  When they are applied to members of the middle or upper classes

B  In the presence of strong attachments, commitments, and involvement with other members of society.

C  In situations where there is a strong police presence.

D  When we fear punishment from authorities such as parents or the court system.

A  a businessperson classifying parking tickets as job hunting expenses on an income tax return

B  a police officer taking $100 to refrain from writing a speeding ticket

C  a bank teller robbing the First National bank

D  an executive writing off the corporation’s million-dollar fine as investment capital

A  the need for social sanctions

B  the cultural relativity of deviance

C  the need for absolute standards in defining deviance

D  nonconforming behavior

A  a rebel

B  a ritualist

C  an innovator

D  a conformist

A  They are from families that have a history of being involved in crime.

B  They come from regions populated by large numbers of minorities

C  They are common in families living in poverty.

D  They are concentrated in urban areas with a population over 25,000.

A  sociology

B  psychology

C  sociobiology

D  anthropology

A  The work of the theorist who proposed the theory was plagiarized.

B  It was discovered there are no longer any XYY chromosome configurations among men.

C  Most criminals do not have XYY and everyone with XYY is not a criminal.

D  The theory only explains deviant and criminal behavior among females.

A  It is not the act itself, but the reaction of others to the act that makes it deviant.

B  Deviance is analogous to mental illness

C  Deviance is most related to functionalism because it creates a dysfunction for society.

D  The nature of one’s behavior is the most important aspect in determining deviance.

A  out-group

B  reference group

C  primary group

D  in-group

A  hierarchy of authority

B  impersonality

C  technical qualifications

D  Division of labor

A  voluntary association

B  nonprofit organization

C  oligarchy

D  bureaucracy

A  conflict

B  structuralist

C  interactionist

D  functionalist

A  to increase company profits and competitiveness

B  to professionally develop staff

C  to emphasize the qualities that will lead to a worker’s success

D  to stimulate an understanding of cultural differences

A  Because of the large number of employees using them, daycare facilities are too expensive to operate.

B  Operating on-site daycare reduces employee absenteeism, improves production, and increases staff morale.

C  The results of the research are inconclusive.

D  Daycare facilities are ineffective because they are used by only a few employees

A  They are all primary groups.

B  They all bring people into the political mainstream.

C  They all generate social change.

D  They all offer people an identity.

A  humanize the work setting to develop employee potential

B  increase the number of employees

C  increase profits by downsizing

D  alienate the “deadbeats” in the corporation

A  bureaucratic ritualism

B  the Thomas theorem

C  the Peter principle

D  goal displacement

A  primary groups

B  secondary groups

C  social networks

D  social capital

A  technical qualifications

B  impersonality

C  hierarchy of authority

D  technical qualifications

A  the belief that people were destined before birth for either heaven or hell

B  the belief that man was naturally sinful

C  the belief that heaven was a myth and there was no hereafter

D  the belief that money is the root of all evil

A  democratic leader

B  authoritarian leader

C  expressive leader

D  laissez-faire leader

A  Group members feel more strongly bonded to each other.

B  Groups tend to develop a more formal social structure.

C  Members tend to form more informal relationships.

D  Group members become more active in the decision-making process.

A  The transmission and use of information services dominates the work force.

B  High-efficiency production of food and fiber products is most prevalent.

C  The production of durable goods such as automobiles, refrigerators, and washing machines is the emphasis.

D  Leisure time activities are the primary product of the society.

A  They would rely on reasoning with the child.

B  They would offer verbal encouragement.

C  They would probably deny privileges and “ground” the child.

D  They would probably use physical punishment

A  a latent dysfunction of U.S. education

B  a part of the hidden curriculum in U.S. schools

C  a manifest dysfunction of education

D  a manifest function of education

A  The self-concept begins at birth and concludes by age 5 or 6.

B  The self-concept begins at birth and continues as a life-long process until death.

C  The self-concept begins prior to conception and concludes at birth.

D  The self-concept begins when a child is able to reason and concludes at about age 18.

A  The father’s genetic influence is greater than the mother’s as a determinant of behavior.

B  Identical twins will always exhibit similar behavior because their gene complement is identical.

C  Environment has a significant influence on behavior, regardless of gene complement.

D  Behavior is the result of genetic influences.

A  an example of pornography

B  the creation of a new stereotype of women as symbolic males

C  a way to motivate young women to play video games

D  a way to confuse children about their sexuality

A  strict discipline

B  basic intelligence

C  intimate early social interaction

D  biological makeup

A  the ability to take the role of another

B  the influence of positive peers

C  a well-developed id

D  an average or above-average IQ

A  Sociologists object to the view that inborn and subconscious motivations are the primary reasons for human behavior.

B  Sociologists disagree on the influence of the super ego as a balancing force of behavior.

C  Sociologists reject the notion that personality develops in stages.

D  Sociologists argue that Freud failed to study a wide range of subjects before developing his theory.

A  As the number of hours in day care increased, the bond was weaker between mother and child.

B  As the number of hours in day care increased, the bond was stronger between mother and child

C  The mother-child bond was based on the social class of the mother and not the hours the child spent in day care.

D  There was no relationship between mother-child bond and the hours a child spent in day care.

A  call the police and have their son arrested to impress upon him the error of his ways

B  physically punish their son using a culturally approved method

C  buy him his own car and hold him to a higher standard of responsibility

D  suspend Frank’s driving privileges for a month and discuss with Frank the dangers of drinking and driving