Exam 2

A  brainwashing

B  group polarization

C  mental programming

D  groupthink

A  Individualism is among the most cherished personal qualities one can possess.

B  Group conformity is the most important social relationship people seek to achieve.

C  Most people conform to social norms, even when told to deviate from them by persons in authority.

D  A substantial number of people will inflict pain on others if ordered to do so by a person in a position of authority.

A  democratic leader

B  dictatorial leader

C  laissez-faire leader

D  authoritative leader

A  pushes

B  inner control

C  formal control

D  pulls

A  social learning theory: we learn deviance from our peers

B  intelligence theory: low intelligence leads to deviant and criminal behavior

C  XYY” theory: the extra Y chromosome in males causes criminal behavior

D  body type theory: people with muscular bodies are prone to be criminals

A  Officer Friel is violating police ethics.

B  Officer Friel is guilty of breaking the law.

C  Officer Friel is employing police discretion.

D  Officer Friel is using reverse psychology on Mark.

A  They are all retreatists.

B  They are all ritualists.

C  They are all rebels

D  They are all conformists.

A  In situations where there is a strong police presence.

B  In the presence of strong attachments, commitments, and involvement with other members of society.

C  When they are applied to members of the middle or upper classes

D  When we fear punishment from authorities such as parents or the court system.

A  a businessperson classifying parking tickets as job hunting expenses on an income tax return

B  an executive writing off the corporation’s million-dollar fine as investment capital

C  a police officer taking $100 to refrain from writing a speeding ticket

D  a bank teller robbing the First National bank

A  the need for social sanctions

B  the cultural relativity of deviance

C  nonconforming behavior

D  the need for absolute standards in defining deviance

A  a ritualist

B  a rebel

C  a conformist

D  an innovator

A  They come from regions populated by large numbers of minorities

B  They are concentrated in urban areas with a population over 25,000.

C  They are common in families living in poverty.

D  They are from families that have a history of being involved in crime.

A  sociobiology

B  psychology

C  anthropology

D  sociology

A  It was discovered there are no longer any XYY chromosome configurations among men.

B  Most criminals do not have XYY and everyone with XYY is not a criminal.

C  The work of the theorist who proposed the theory was plagiarized.

D  The theory only explains deviant and criminal behavior among females.

A  Deviance is analogous to mental illness

B  The nature of one’s behavior is the most important aspect in determining deviance.

C  It is not the act itself, but the reaction of others to the act that makes it deviant.

D  Deviance is most related to functionalism because it creates a dysfunction for society.

A  reference group

B  primary group

C  in-group

D  out-group

A  impersonality

B  hierarchy of authority

C  technical qualifications

D  Division of labor

A  voluntary association

B  bureaucracy

C  oligarchy

D  nonprofit organization

A  interactionist

B  conflict

C  structuralist

D  functionalist

A  to increase company profits and competitiveness

B  to professionally develop staff

C  to stimulate an understanding of cultural differences

D  to emphasize the qualities that will lead to a worker’s success

A  Daycare facilities are ineffective because they are used by only a few employees

B  The results of the research are inconclusive.

C  Operating on-site daycare reduces employee absenteeism, improves production, and increases staff morale.

D  Because of the large number of employees using them, daycare facilities are too expensive to operate.

A  They all bring people into the political mainstream.

B  They all generate social change.

C  They are all primary groups.

D  They all offer people an identity.

A  increase the number of employees

B  humanize the work setting to develop employee potential

C  increase profits by downsizing

D  alienate the “deadbeats” in the corporation

A  goal displacement

B  the Thomas theorem

C  the Peter principle

D  bureaucratic ritualism

A  social networks

B  secondary groups

C  primary groups

D  social capital

A  hierarchy of authority

B  impersonality

C  technical qualifications

D  technical qualifications

A  the belief that people were destined before birth for either heaven or hell

B  the belief that man was naturally sinful

C  the belief that heaven was a myth and there was no hereafter

D  the belief that money is the root of all evil

A  expressive leader

B  laissez-faire leader

C  democratic leader

D  authoritarian leader

A  Group members feel more strongly bonded to each other.

B  Group members become more active in the decision-making process.

C  Groups tend to develop a more formal social structure.

D  Members tend to form more informal relationships.

A  Leisure time activities are the primary product of the society.

B  The production of durable goods such as automobiles, refrigerators, and washing machines is the emphasis.

C  High-efficiency production of food and fiber products is most prevalent.

D  The transmission and use of information services dominates the work force.

A  They would probably use physical punishment

B  They would rely on reasoning with the child.

C  They would probably deny privileges and “ground” the child.

D  They would offer verbal encouragement.

A  a part of the hidden curriculum in U.S. schools

B  a manifest function of education

C  a manifest dysfunction of education

D  a latent dysfunction of U.S. education

A  The self-concept begins at birth and concludes by age 5 or 6.

B  The self-concept begins prior to conception and concludes at birth.

C  The self-concept begins at birth and continues as a life-long process until death.

D  The self-concept begins when a child is able to reason and concludes at about age 18.

A  Identical twins will always exhibit similar behavior because their gene complement is identical.

B  Behavior is the result of genetic influences.

C  The father’s genetic influence is greater than the mother’s as a determinant of behavior.

D  Environment has a significant influence on behavior, regardless of gene complement.

A  a way to motivate young women to play video games

B  an example of pornography

C  a way to confuse children about their sexuality

D  the creation of a new stereotype of women as symbolic males

A  basic intelligence

B  intimate early social interaction

C  biological makeup

D  strict discipline

A  a well-developed id

B  an average or above-average IQ

C  the influence of positive peers

D  the ability to take the role of another

A  Sociologists reject the notion that personality develops in stages.

B  Sociologists object to the view that inborn and subconscious motivations are the primary reasons for human behavior.

C  Sociologists argue that Freud failed to study a wide range of subjects before developing his theory.

D  Sociologists disagree on the influence of the super ego as a balancing force of behavior.

A  As the number of hours in day care increased, the bond was weaker between mother and child.

B  The mother-child bond was based on the social class of the mother and not the hours the child spent in day care.

C  As the number of hours in day care increased, the bond was stronger between mother and child

D  There was no relationship between mother-child bond and the hours a child spent in day care.

A  buy him his own car and hold him to a higher standard of responsibility

B  call the police and have their son arrested to impress upon him the error of his ways

C  suspend Frank’s driving privileges for a month and discuss with Frank the dangers of drinking and driving

D  physically punish their son using a culturally approved method