Examination 2

A  structural mobility.

B  social control.

C  class warfare.

D  status consistency.

E  upward mobility.

A  A neighborhood with mostly elderly people.

B  A college campus with students who are very competitive.

C  A city with a large minority population.

D  A community where neighbors don’t know each other very well.True

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  a published list of practices and behaviors on which society’s members base their daily lives.

B  the regulation and enforcement of norms.

C  dysfunctional in most societies.

D  a system that has the authority to make decisions based on law.

A  instrumental leadership.

B  conformity.

C  bureaucracy.

D  groupthink.

A  A hate crime never involves physical violence to the victim..

B  A violent crime is punishable in a court of law; a hate crime is not.

C  A hate crime is punishable in a court of law; a violent crime is not.

D  A hate crime is based on the victim’s son’s race, religion, or other characteristics.

A  the regulation and enforcement of norms.

B  social rewards for the violation of norms.

C  the act of notifying authorities when criminal acts are occurring.

D  a violation of established norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law

A  social capital.

B  a social network.

C  a bureaucracy.

D  a voluntary organization.

A  Meredith receiving compliments on her hair after visiting the salon.

B  Ed being given a “Teacher of the Year” award for her work as a high school English teacher.

C  Mario being sent to jail after robbing a CVS.

D  Beatrix being booed off stage after telling an offensive joke during her comedy routine.

A  single mothers.

B  18 to 64 years old.

C  children under 18 years old.

D  65 years old or older.

A  an individual moves down the social class ladder.

B  an individual moves up the social class ladder.

C  a member of a family belongs to a different social class than his/her/xir siblings.

D  a large group moves up or down due to societal change.

A  when positive formal sanctions cause an individual to deviate from society’s expectations.

B  when a person’s self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society.

C  when a violation of norms does not result in any long-term effects on the individual’s self-image or interactions with others.

D  when negative informal sanctions encourage an individual to seek better behavioral choices.

A  usually is more sophisticated.

B  usually causes more economic damage.

C  is more likely to be violent.

D  involves more people.

E  is committed by higher-status people.

A  rebel.

B  innovator.

C  conformist.

D  retreatist.

E  ritualist.

A  Functionalist.

B  Differential association.

C  Symbolic interactionist.

D  Conflict.

A  credit card populism.

B  popular consumption.

C  designer consumerism.

D  conspicuous consumption.

A  that economic hardship and skyrocketing inflation is the cause for all social stratification in the United States.

B  that the more society values a particular profession, the more money the people in that profession will make.

C  that Karl Marx was correct and that stratification can only be solved by converting to a socialist government.

D  that people constantly move up and down the social ladder, and this creates an unstable economy which will eventually collapse on itself.

A  not determined solely by economics but influenced also by social and political actors.

B  determined almost entirely by religious factors.

C  influenced almost solely by economic factors.

D  defined correctly according to Karl Marx.

A  functionalist perspective.

B  anomic perspective.

C  conflict perspective.

D  interactionist perspective.

E  evolutionary perspective.

A  the movement of people from one social position to another in the stratification system.

B  the ranking of people into a hierarchy in which resources considered valuable are unequally distributed.

C  a person’s social location based on all three dimensions of the stratification system.

D  the movement to a higher position in the stratification hierarchy in contrast to the  position of one’s parents.

A  all societies.

B  modern societies only.

C  societies of moderate size only.

D  caste-based societies only.

E  formal organizations only.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Labeling theory.

B  Control theory.

C  Differential association theory.

D  Conflict theory.

E  Strain theory.

A  a crime syndicate.

B  a secondary group.

C  none of these.

D  a “hipster” culture.

E  a subculture.

A  primary group

B  reference group

C  instrumental leaders

D  out-group

A  social network

B  in-group

C  secondary group

D  primary group

A  reference group.

B  secondary group

C  out-group

D  in-group.

A  the obesity epidemic that’s rapidly sweeping the United States.

B  the increaing popularity of McDonalds as a hang-out for youths all over the world.

C  the increasing presence of the fast-food business model in common social institutions

D  the country’s increasing dependence on fast food for daily meals.

A  plays a musical instrument.

B  relies on degradation ceremonies.

C  promotes emotional strength and health, ensuring that people feel supported

D  rejects gender roles in the name of the feminist movement.

E  is goal-oriented and largely concerned with accomplishing set tasks.

A  Explicit rules .

B  Impersonality.

C  Personality-based promotion.

D  Clear division of labor .

A  dyad

B  aggregate

C  out-group

D  in-group

E  reference group

A  the idea that successful socialization occurs only in two-parent families

B  the idea that development/socialization occurs in a sequence of stages

C  an emphasis on nature, rather than nurture

D  the belief that ideas about sex and gender roles are innate—we are born with them.

A  morality of care

B  generalized other

C  agents of socialization

D  morality of justice

E  the looking-glass self

A  morality of justice

B  code of the west

C  generalized other

D  morality of care

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Understanding when to speak up and when to be silent

B  Following a schedule.

C  Knowing locker room etiquette.

D  Learning to read and write.

A  Gender.

B  Social class.

C  Race/ethnicity.

D  Blood type.

A  Freud’s theory of self-development.

B  George Herbert Mead’s theory of self-development.

C  Kohlberg’s theory of moral development.

D  Nature vs. Nurture.

A  Encouraging Vicki to wear pants to school.

B  Buying Sarah a toy kitchen to play with.

C  Allowing Joey to sleep with his “blankey”.

D  Taking Jimmy to the aquarium.

A  impression management.

B    

C  class consciousness

D  an entry test that must be passed

E  a degradation ceremony

F  a counterculture.

A  they provide the only major socialization experience outside the realm of their families

B  they protect adolescents from peer pressure

C  their influence is higher in importance than the influence of parents

D  they help young individuals develop a sense of identity separate from their parents

A  the hidden curriculum

B  moral reasoning

C  anticipatory socialization

D  the looking-glass self

E  the sociological imagination