Examination 2

A  structural mobility.

B  class warfare.

C  status consistency.

D  upward mobility.

E  social control.

A  A community where neighbors don’t know each other very well.True

B  A city with a large minority population.

C  A neighborhood with mostly elderly people.

D  A college campus with students who are very competitive.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  dysfunctional in most societies.

B  a system that has the authority to make decisions based on law.

C  a published list of practices and behaviors on which society’s members base their daily lives.

D  the regulation and enforcement of norms.

A  groupthink.

B  bureaucracy.

C  conformity.

D  instrumental leadership.

A  A violent crime is punishable in a court of law; a hate crime is not.

B  A hate crime is based on the victim’s son’s race, religion, or other characteristics.

C  A hate crime never involves physical violence to the victim..

D  A hate crime is punishable in a court of law; a violent crime is not.

A  a violation of established norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law

B  the act of notifying authorities when criminal acts are occurring.

C  social rewards for the violation of norms.

D  the regulation and enforcement of norms.

A  a voluntary organization.

B  a bureaucracy.

C  a social network.

D  social capital.

A  Ed being given a “Teacher of the Year” award for her work as a high school English teacher.

B  Beatrix being booed off stage after telling an offensive joke during her comedy routine.

C  Mario being sent to jail after robbing a CVS.

D  Meredith receiving compliments on her hair after visiting the salon.

A  children under 18 years old.

B  65 years old or older.

C  18 to 64 years old.

D  single mothers.

A  a member of a family belongs to a different social class than his/her/xir siblings.

B  an individual moves down the social class ladder.

C  an individual moves up the social class ladder.

D  a large group moves up or down due to societal change.

A  when a violation of norms does not result in any long-term effects on the individual’s self-image or interactions with others.

B  when positive formal sanctions cause an individual to deviate from society’s expectations.

C  when a person’s self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society.

D  when negative informal sanctions encourage an individual to seek better behavioral choices.

A  is more likely to be violent.

B  usually is more sophisticated.

C  usually causes more economic damage.

D  is committed by higher-status people.

E  involves more people.

A  rebel.

B  retreatist.

C  conformist.

D  innovator.

E  ritualist.

A  Conflict.

B  Functionalist.

C  Symbolic interactionist.

D  Differential association.

A  designer consumerism.

B  popular consumption.

C  conspicuous consumption.

D  credit card populism.

A  that the more society values a particular profession, the more money the people in that profession will make.

B  that economic hardship and skyrocketing inflation is the cause for all social stratification in the United States.

C  that Karl Marx was correct and that stratification can only be solved by converting to a socialist government.

D  that people constantly move up and down the social ladder, and this creates an unstable economy which will eventually collapse on itself.

A  influenced almost solely by economic factors.

B  not determined solely by economics but influenced also by social and political actors.

C  determined almost entirely by religious factors.

D  defined correctly according to Karl Marx.

A  interactionist perspective.

B  evolutionary perspective.

C  functionalist perspective.

D  anomic perspective.

E  conflict perspective.

A  the movement to a higher position in the stratification hierarchy in contrast to the  position of one’s parents.

B  the ranking of people into a hierarchy in which resources considered valuable are unequally distributed.

C  the movement of people from one social position to another in the stratification system.

D  a person’s social location based on all three dimensions of the stratification system.

A  societies of moderate size only.

B  modern societies only.

C  formal organizations only.

D  all societies.

E  caste-based societies only.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Conflict theory.

B  Differential association theory.

C  Labeling theory.

D  Strain theory.

E  Control theory.

A  a crime syndicate.

B  none of these.

C  a “hipster” culture.

D  a secondary group.

E  a subculture.

A  instrumental leaders

B  primary group

C  reference group

D  out-group

A  social network

B  in-group

C  primary group

D  secondary group

A  reference group.

B  secondary group

C  out-group

D  in-group.

A  the increaing popularity of McDonalds as a hang-out for youths all over the world.

B  the obesity epidemic that’s rapidly sweeping the United States.

C  the increasing presence of the fast-food business model in common social institutions

D  the country’s increasing dependence on fast food for daily meals.

A  is goal-oriented and largely concerned with accomplishing set tasks.

B  plays a musical instrument.

C  promotes emotional strength and health, ensuring that people feel supported

D  rejects gender roles in the name of the feminist movement.

E  relies on degradation ceremonies.

A  Personality-based promotion.

B  Explicit rules .

C  Impersonality.

D  Clear division of labor .

A  reference group

B  dyad

C  aggregate

D  in-group

E  out-group

A  the belief that ideas about sex and gender roles are innate—we are born with them.

B  the idea that successful socialization occurs only in two-parent families

C  an emphasis on nature, rather than nurture

D  the idea that development/socialization occurs in a sequence of stages

A  the looking-glass self

B  agents of socialization

C  morality of justice

D  morality of care

E  generalized other

A  generalized other

B  morality of care

C  code of the west

D  morality of justice

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Following a schedule.

B  Understanding when to speak up and when to be silent

C  Learning to read and write.

D  Knowing locker room etiquette.

A  Blood type.

B  Race/ethnicity.

C  Social class.

D  Gender.

A  Freud’s theory of self-development.

B  Kohlberg’s theory of moral development.

C  Nature vs. Nurture.

D  George Herbert Mead’s theory of self-development.

A  Allowing Joey to sleep with his “blankey”.

B  Encouraging Vicki to wear pants to school.

C  Buying Sarah a toy kitchen to play with.

D  Taking Jimmy to the aquarium.

A  class consciousness

B    

C  impression management.

D  an entry test that must be passed

E  a degradation ceremony

F  a counterculture.

A  they provide the only major socialization experience outside the realm of their families

B  they help young individuals develop a sense of identity separate from their parents

C  their influence is higher in importance than the influence of parents

D  they protect adolescents from peer pressure

A  the looking-glass self

B  anticipatory socialization

C  moral reasoning

D  the sociological imagination

E  the hidden curriculum