Final Exam

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Question #1

Which is an example of coastal upwelling affecting weather onshore?

A Southerly winds bring warm temperatures and dry weather.

B Cold water is brought to the surface that chills the air above, inducing cool, wet weather.

C Cold water is transported away from the shore causing abnormally high temperatures.

D Dry, cold air is transported from the north, inducing drought conditions.

E A warm-water pool accumulates and warm moist air rises, inducing rainfall.

Question #2

What changes are caused by the El Niño Southern Oscillation in the Pacific Ocean?

A Trade winds blow from west to east.

B Low pressure builds in the western Pacific.

C High pressure builds in the eastern Pacific.

D Trade winds blow from east to west.

E Equatorial currents move faster.

Question #3

Why is humid air less dense than dry air?

A Molecular movement of water vapor occupies more space than dry air.

B Molecular movement of water vapor occupies less space than dry air.

C Molecules of water vapor have less mass than the displaced nitrogen and oxygen.

D Water vapor molecules are more compressed than dry air molecules.

E Molecules of water vapor have more mass than the displaced nitrogen and oxygen.

Question #4

What causes a decrease in oxygen levels beyond the sunlit layer?

A Mineral precipitation

B The respiration of marine animals and bacteria

C Decreased saturation because of cooler water

D The by-products of photosynthesis

E There are fewer animals present

Question #5

What type of water mass dissolves a higher concentration of gases?

A temperate water masses

B equatorial water masses

C subtropical water masses

D tropical water masses

E polar water masses

Question #6

The solar heating of Earth varies with ____ and ____.

A winds; reflection

B seasons; longitude

C longitude; latitude

D seasons; latitude

E winds; convection

Question #7

Which area receives the least amount of solar energy on Earth?

A equatorial regions

B temperate regions

C mid-latitudes

D polar regions

E tropical regions

Question #8

The concentration of ____ increases with depth, causing an increase in ocean acidity and influencing the calcite compensation depth.

A carbon dioxide

B my mind

C nitrogen

D oxygen

E ammonia

Question #9

During a change in state of water, which is true?

A As temperature increases, heat stays the same.

B As temperature increases, density stays the same.

C As heat is removed, density stays the same.

D As heat is applied (or removed), temperature stays the same.

E As heat is applied, temperature increases (or as heat is removed, temperature decreases).

Question #10

Ice is effective at cooling drinks because of the ____.

A latent heat of vaporization

B sensible heat loss of water

C heat capacity of water

D latent heat of fusion

E diffusion of heat energy

Question #11

What property of water is responsible for the amount of time it takes for water to reach the boiling point?

A density

B capillary rise

C adhesion

D surface tension

E heat capacity

Question #12

What is true of density, salinity, and temperature?

A Many combinations of temperature and salinity can yield the same density.

B Both temperature and salinity decrease with depth.

C Water masses of the same density will not combine.

D Density of water tends to decrease with depth.

E Only one combination of temperature and salinity can yield a given density.

Question #13

What describes the theoretical direction of Ekman transport in the Southern Hemisphere?

A 45° to the left of wind direction

B 45° to the right of wind direction

C 90° to the left of wind direction

D In the same direction as the wind

E 90° to the right of wind direction

Question #14

Active margins are also referred to as

A Hot spots

B Atlantic-type margins

C Spreading centers

D Fracture zones

E Pacific-type margins

Question #15

Where on the seafloor would you expect to find the thickest piles of sediment?

A Around hot spot volcanoes

B Along the continental margin

C At a mid-ocean ridge

D In a deep ocean trench

E In a submarine canyon

Question #16

As sediment accumulates in a continental margin, how will isostatic forces cause Earth’s crust behave?

A It will stay the same

B It will be uplifted

C It will grow thicker

D It will spread out

E It will subside

Question #17

Which condition is necessary for a planet to have a permanent liquid ocean?

A Low gravity

B Few moons

C Optimum distance from a star

D Perfectly spherical orbit

E Toxic atmosphere

Question #18

Only 10% of the energy is passed along from one trophic level to the next.

A False

B True

Question #19

El Nino events occur roughly every 4 to 7 years due to a reversal of Pacific trade winds.

A False

B True

Question #20

The seafloor is oldest at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

A True

B False

Question #21

The construction of jetties, groins or breakwaters interrupts the longshore current.

A False

B True

Question #22

An eastern boundary current is slower and colder than a western boundary current.

A True

B False

Question #23

In one hour, the Earth rotates through 15 degrees.

A False

B True

Question #24

Land has a greater heat capacity than water.

A False

B True

Question #25

The average salinity of the world’s ocean in about 3.5%

A True

B False

Question #26

Lines of latitude are parallel to one another.

A False

B True

Question #27

During an ice age, sea level would have been relatively lower than it is today.

A True

B False

Question #28

Petroleum most likely formed from which organic substrate?

A Whale falls

B Fossilized fish

C Water column debris

D Planktonic organisms and bacteria

E Sea grasses

Question #29

What is a major product of combustion for all hydrocarbons?

A oxygen

B nitrogen

C hydrogen

D nitrous oxide

E carbon dioxide

Question #30

What is an example of symbiosis?

A commensalism

B environmental resistance

C progression

D carrying capacity

E succession

Question #31

Which area is most likely to have the most populous and diverse community of organisms?

A cobble beaches

B deep ocean

C surface of temperate ocean

D surface of a polar ocean

E intertidal zone

Question #32

Which of the following is a ring-shaped island of coral?

A Barrier reef

B Atoll

C Fringing reef

D Mangrove

E Drumlin

Question #33

What type of tidal patterns exists on the west coast of the United States, which receives two high tides and two low tides of varying heights per day?

A semidiurnal tides

B spring tides

C diurnal tides

D semidiurnal mixed tides

E neap tides

Question #34

How fast does a wave with wavelength of 20 meters and period of 20 seconds travel?

A There is not enough information to tell

B 400 meters per second

C 20 meters per second

D 1 meter per second

E 10 meters per second

Question #35

What is true about the Coriolis effect?

A It causes cold-core eddies in the Northern Hemisphere to rotate clockwise.

B It causes the peak of the “hill” in the center of the gyre to be steeper on the eastern side.

C It is absent at the equator.

D It is strongest near the equator.

E It causes Northern Hemisphere surface currents to flow to the left of the wind direction.

Question #36

An air mass pausing above a warm ocean surface will have what characteristics?

A Warm, dry air with zones of high pressure

B Warm, humid air with zones of high pressure

C Cold, dry air with zones of low pressure

D Warm, humid air with zones of low pressure

E Cold, dry air with zones of high pressure

Question #37

Why can seawater hold many times more carbon dioxide than either nitrogen or oxygen at saturation?

A Carbon dioxide is used in mineral formation.

B Carbon dioxide is not used in photosynthesis.

C Carbon dioxide is used by plankton for energy

D Carbon dioxide combines chemically with water to form carbonic acid.

E Carbon dioxide is more reactive.

Question #38

An abundance of foraminifera shells would be described as what type of sediment?

A evaporitic sediment

B turbidic sediment

C siliceous ooze

D calcareous ooze

E diatomaceous earth

Question #39

What process gives trenches their unique arc-shaped depressions?

A Turbidity

B Erosion

C Spreading

D Volcanic eruptions

E Subduction

Question #40

As mountains erode, how will isostatic forces cause Earth’s crust beneath the mountain to behave?

A Subduct

B Spread out

C Sink

D Stay the same

E Rise

Question #41

Which extreme environment may have favored the origin of life on Earth?

A polar sea ice

B hydrothermal vents

C rainforest sediments

D estuarine bays

Question #42

What is the prevailing wind direction at a latitude of 30 degrees North?

A From east to west

B Descending down to land surface

C From north to south

D Ascending up into the atmosphere

E From west to east

Question #43

Match the appropriate plate boundary.Trenches

A Divergent plate boundary

B Convergent plate boundary

C Transform plate boudary

Question #44

Match the appropriate plate boundary.Seafloor spreading

A Transform plate boudary

B Divergent plate boundary

C Convergent plate boundary

Question #45

Match the appropriate plate boundary.Magnetic “stripes” on the seafloor

A Divergent plate boundary

B Transform plate boudary

C Convergent plate boundary

Question #46

Match the appropriate plate boundary. Fracture zones

A Convergent plate boundary

B Transform plate boudary

C Divergent plate boundary

Question #47

Match the appropriate plate boundary. Island arc

A Divergent plate boundary

B Convergent plate boundary

C Transform plate boudary

Question #48

Which of the following statements about coastal waters is CORRECT?

A Coastal waters have limited opportunities for oil production and recreational activities.

B Coastal waters receive land-derived pollutants after they pass through the open ocean.

C Coastal waters only support about 15% of the total mass of life in the oceans.

D Coastal waters serve as nursery grounds for many species that inhabit the open ocean.

E Coastal waters are of minor importance for shipping because they traverse the open ocean.

Question #49

Which of the following currents contributes to the South Eastern United States being humid?

A North Equatorial Current

B Gulf Stream

C North Atlantic Current

D California Current

E Brazil Current

Question #50

Which of the following powers tropical cyclones?

A The vast amounts of latent heat as water evaporates and condenses.

B A density-driven circulation that is initiated at the ocean surface by temperature and salinity.

C Heat transfer in a gas or liquid by the circulation of currents from one region to another.

D West Wind Drift

E An apparent force resulting from Earth’s rotation that causes particles in motion to be deflected.

Question #51

The strength of a hurricane stems from water’s ________.

A latent heat of deposition

B latent heat of sublimation

C latent heat of fusion

D latent heat of condensation

E latent heat of melting

Question #52

A tropical maritime air mass is likely to be ________.

A wet and cold

B not enough information to tell

C dry and warm

D wet and warm

E dry and cold

Question #53

A warming ocean will be able to hold _______ dissolved gases.

A more

B the same

C less

Question #54

The pycnocline develops primarily as a result of _____ temperature with depth.

A the same

B higher

C lower

Question #55

Solutes _____ the freezing point of water

A has no effect to

B increase

C lower

Question #56

Hydrogen bonds are about _____ % as strong as covalent bonds.

A 15 to 20

B 5 to 10

C 10 to 15

D 1 to 5

Question #57

Soil has a ______ heat capacity than water.

A lower

B the same

C higher

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