Final Exam

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Question #1

Which is an example of coastal upwelling affecting weather onshore?

A Cold water is transported away from the shore causing abnormally high temperatures.

B Dry, cold air is transported from the north, inducing drought conditions.

C A warm-water pool accumulates and warm moist air rises, inducing rainfall.

D Cold water is brought to the surface that chills the air above, inducing cool, wet weather.

E Southerly winds bring warm temperatures and dry weather.

Question #2

What changes are caused by the El Niño Southern Oscillation in the Pacific Ocean?

A High pressure builds in the eastern Pacific.

B Low pressure builds in the western Pacific.

C Equatorial currents move faster.

D Trade winds blow from west to east.

E Trade winds blow from east to west.

Question #3

Why is humid air less dense than dry air?

A Molecules of water vapor have more mass than the displaced nitrogen and oxygen.

B Water vapor molecules are more compressed than dry air molecules.

C Molecules of water vapor have less mass than the displaced nitrogen and oxygen.

D Molecular movement of water vapor occupies more space than dry air.

E Molecular movement of water vapor occupies less space than dry air.

Question #4

What causes a decrease in oxygen levels beyond the sunlit layer?

A There are fewer animals present

B Mineral precipitation

C Decreased saturation because of cooler water

D The respiration of marine animals and bacteria

E The by-products of photosynthesis

Question #5

What type of water mass dissolves a higher concentration of gases?

A polar water masses

B subtropical water masses

C tropical water masses

D equatorial water masses

E temperate water masses

Question #6

The solar heating of Earth varies with ____ and ____.

A winds; convection

B seasons; latitude

C winds; reflection

D seasons; longitude

E longitude; latitude

Question #7

Which area receives the least amount of solar energy on Earth?

A equatorial regions

B polar regions

C mid-latitudes

D tropical regions

E temperate regions

Question #8

The concentration of ____ increases with depth, causing an increase in ocean acidity and influencing the calcite compensation depth.

A oxygen

B ammonia

C nitrogen

D my mind

E carbon dioxide

Question #9

During a change in state of water, which is true?

A As heat is applied, temperature increases (or as heat is removed, temperature decreases).

B As heat is removed, density stays the same.

C As heat is applied (or removed), temperature stays the same.

D As temperature increases, heat stays the same.

E As temperature increases, density stays the same.

Question #10

Ice is effective at cooling drinks because of the ____.

A latent heat of fusion

B latent heat of vaporization

C diffusion of heat energy

D heat capacity of water

E sensible heat loss of water

Question #11

What property of water is responsible for the amount of time it takes for water to reach the boiling point?

A surface tension

B heat capacity

C capillary rise

D density

E adhesion

Question #12

What is true of density, salinity, and temperature?

A Water masses of the same density will not combine.

B Only one combination of temperature and salinity can yield a given density.

C Many combinations of temperature and salinity can yield the same density.

D Both temperature and salinity decrease with depth.

E Density of water tends to decrease with depth.

Question #13

What describes the theoretical direction of Ekman transport in the Southern Hemisphere?

A 45° to the right of wind direction

B 45° to the left of wind direction

C In the same direction as the wind

D 90° to the left of wind direction

E 90° to the right of wind direction

Question #14

Active margins are also referred to as

A Hot spots

B Pacific-type margins

C Atlantic-type margins

D Fracture zones

E Spreading centers

Question #15

Where on the seafloor would you expect to find the thickest piles of sediment?

A At a mid-ocean ridge

B In a deep ocean trench

C In a submarine canyon

D Along the continental margin

E Around hot spot volcanoes

Question #16

As sediment accumulates in a continental margin, how will isostatic forces cause Earth’s crust behave?

A It will subside

B It will spread out

C It will stay the same

D It will be uplifted

E It will grow thicker

Question #17

Which condition is necessary for a planet to have a permanent liquid ocean?

A Low gravity

B Few moons

C Perfectly spherical orbit

D Toxic atmosphere

E Optimum distance from a star

Question #18

Only 10% of the energy is passed along from one trophic level to the next.

A True

B False

Question #19

El Nino events occur roughly every 4 to 7 years due to a reversal of Pacific trade winds.

A False

B True

Question #20

The seafloor is oldest at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

A True

B False

Question #21

The construction of jetties, groins or breakwaters interrupts the longshore current.

A True

B False

Question #22

An eastern boundary current is slower and colder than a western boundary current.

A False

B True

Question #23

In one hour, the Earth rotates through 15 degrees.

A True

B False

Question #24

Land has a greater heat capacity than water.

A False

B True

Question #25

The average salinity of the world’s ocean in about 3.5%

A True

B False

Question #26

Lines of latitude are parallel to one another.

A True

B False

Question #27

During an ice age, sea level would have been relatively lower than it is today.

A False

B True

Question #28

Petroleum most likely formed from which organic substrate?

A Sea grasses

B Whale falls

C Water column debris

D Planktonic organisms and bacteria

E Fossilized fish

Question #29

What is a major product of combustion for all hydrocarbons?

A hydrogen

B nitrogen

C carbon dioxide

D nitrous oxide

E oxygen

Question #30

What is an example of symbiosis?

A carrying capacity

B succession

C commensalism

D progression

E environmental resistance

Question #31

Which area is most likely to have the most populous and diverse community of organisms?

A surface of temperate ocean

B intertidal zone

C surface of a polar ocean

D cobble beaches

E deep ocean

Question #32

Which of the following is a ring-shaped island of coral?

A Drumlin

B Fringing reef

C Mangrove

D Atoll

E Barrier reef

Question #33

What type of tidal patterns exists on the west coast of the United States, which receives two high tides and two low tides of varying heights per day?

A semidiurnal tides

B spring tides

C neap tides

D diurnal tides

E semidiurnal mixed tides

Question #34

How fast does a wave with wavelength of 20 meters and period of 20 seconds travel?

A There is not enough information to tell

B 1 meter per second

C 20 meters per second

D 400 meters per second

E 10 meters per second

Question #35

What is true about the Coriolis effect?

A It is strongest near the equator.

B It causes the peak of the “hill” in the center of the gyre to be steeper on the eastern side.

C It causes cold-core eddies in the Northern Hemisphere to rotate clockwise.

D It is absent at the equator.

E It causes Northern Hemisphere surface currents to flow to the left of the wind direction.

Question #36

An air mass pausing above a warm ocean surface will have what characteristics?

A Warm, humid air with zones of high pressure

B Cold, dry air with zones of high pressure

C Warm, dry air with zones of high pressure

D Warm, humid air with zones of low pressure

E Cold, dry air with zones of low pressure

Question #37

Why can seawater hold many times more carbon dioxide than either nitrogen or oxygen at saturation?

A Carbon dioxide is used in mineral formation.

B Carbon dioxide is more reactive.

C Carbon dioxide is used by plankton for energy

D Carbon dioxide combines chemically with water to form carbonic acid.

E Carbon dioxide is not used in photosynthesis.

Question #38

An abundance of foraminifera shells would be described as what type of sediment?

A siliceous ooze

B diatomaceous earth

C turbidic sediment

D evaporitic sediment

E calcareous ooze

Question #39

What process gives trenches their unique arc-shaped depressions?

A Subduction

B Volcanic eruptions

C Erosion

D Spreading

E Turbidity

Question #40

As mountains erode, how will isostatic forces cause Earth’s crust beneath the mountain to behave?

A Rise

B Spread out

C Sink

D Stay the same

E Subduct

Question #41

Which extreme environment may have favored the origin of life on Earth?

A rainforest sediments

B polar sea ice

C hydrothermal vents

D estuarine bays

Question #42

What is the prevailing wind direction at a latitude of 30 degrees North?

A From east to west

B From north to south

C Descending down to land surface

D Ascending up into the atmosphere

E From west to east

Question #43

Match the appropriate plate boundary.Trenches

A Convergent plate boundary

B Divergent plate boundary

C Transform plate boudary

Question #44

Match the appropriate plate boundary.Seafloor spreading

A Transform plate boudary

B Divergent plate boundary

C Convergent plate boundary

Question #45

Match the appropriate plate boundary.Magnetic “stripes” on the seafloor

A Convergent plate boundary

B Transform plate boudary

C Divergent plate boundary

Question #46

Match the appropriate plate boundary. Fracture zones

A Convergent plate boundary

B Divergent plate boundary

C Transform plate boudary

Question #47

Match the appropriate plate boundary. Island arc

A Convergent plate boundary

B Divergent plate boundary

C Transform plate boudary

Question #48

Which of the following statements about coastal waters is CORRECT?

A Coastal waters have limited opportunities for oil production and recreational activities.

B Coastal waters only support about 15% of the total mass of life in the oceans.

C Coastal waters serve as nursery grounds for many species that inhabit the open ocean.

D Coastal waters are of minor importance for shipping because they traverse the open ocean.

E Coastal waters receive land-derived pollutants after they pass through the open ocean.

Question #49

Which of the following currents contributes to the South Eastern United States being humid?

A California Current

B North Equatorial Current

C Gulf Stream

D Brazil Current

E North Atlantic Current

Question #50

Which of the following powers tropical cyclones?

A An apparent force resulting from Earth’s rotation that causes particles in motion to be deflected.

B Heat transfer in a gas or liquid by the circulation of currents from one region to another.

C The vast amounts of latent heat as water evaporates and condenses.

D West Wind Drift

E A density-driven circulation that is initiated at the ocean surface by temperature and salinity.

Question #51

The strength of a hurricane stems from water’s ________.

A latent heat of melting

B latent heat of deposition

C latent heat of sublimation

D latent heat of fusion

E latent heat of condensation

Question #52

A tropical maritime air mass is likely to be ________.

A wet and cold

B not enough information to tell

C dry and cold

D dry and warm

E wet and warm

Question #53

A warming ocean will be able to hold _______ dissolved gases.

A the same

B less

C more

Question #54

The pycnocline develops primarily as a result of _____ temperature with depth.

A higher

B the same

C lower

Question #55

Solutes _____ the freezing point of water

A lower

B increase

C has no effect to

Question #56

Hydrogen bonds are about _____ % as strong as covalent bonds.

A 10 to 15

B 15 to 20

C 5 to 10

D 1 to 5

Question #57

Soil has a ______ heat capacity than water.

A lower

B higher

C the same

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