Final Exam

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Question #1

Which is an example of coastal upwelling affecting weather onshore?

A Cold water is transported away from the shore causing abnormally high temperatures.

B Dry, cold air is transported from the north, inducing drought conditions.

C A warm-water pool accumulates and warm moist air rises, inducing rainfall.

D Southerly winds bring warm temperatures and dry weather.

E Cold water is brought to the surface that chills the air above, inducing cool, wet weather.

Question #2

What changes are caused by the El Niño Southern Oscillation in the Pacific Ocean?

A Trade winds blow from east to west.

B Low pressure builds in the western Pacific.

C High pressure builds in the eastern Pacific.

D Equatorial currents move faster.

E Trade winds blow from west to east.

Question #3

Why is humid air less dense than dry air?

A Molecules of water vapor have less mass than the displaced nitrogen and oxygen.

B Molecules of water vapor have more mass than the displaced nitrogen and oxygen.

C Water vapor molecules are more compressed than dry air molecules.

D Molecular movement of water vapor occupies less space than dry air.

E Molecular movement of water vapor occupies more space than dry air.

Question #4

What causes a decrease in oxygen levels beyond the sunlit layer?

A The respiration of marine animals and bacteria

B Mineral precipitation

C Decreased saturation because of cooler water

D The by-products of photosynthesis

E There are fewer animals present

Question #5

What type of water mass dissolves a higher concentration of gases?

A polar water masses

B equatorial water masses

C temperate water masses

D tropical water masses

E subtropical water masses

Question #6

The solar heating of Earth varies with ____ and ____.

A winds; reflection

B winds; convection

C seasons; latitude

D longitude; latitude

E seasons; longitude

Question #7

Which area receives the least amount of solar energy on Earth?

A tropical regions

B polar regions

C temperate regions

D equatorial regions

E mid-latitudes

Question #8

The concentration of ____ increases with depth, causing an increase in ocean acidity and influencing the calcite compensation depth.

A oxygen

B ammonia

C my mind

D carbon dioxide

E nitrogen

Question #9

During a change in state of water, which is true?

A As temperature increases, density stays the same.

B As heat is applied (or removed), temperature stays the same.

C As heat is removed, density stays the same.

D As temperature increases, heat stays the same.

E As heat is applied, temperature increases (or as heat is removed, temperature decreases).

Question #10

Ice is effective at cooling drinks because of the ____.

A latent heat of fusion

B diffusion of heat energy

C sensible heat loss of water

D latent heat of vaporization

E heat capacity of water

Question #11

What property of water is responsible for the amount of time it takes for water to reach the boiling point?

A heat capacity

B density

C adhesion

D surface tension

E capillary rise

Question #12

What is true of density, salinity, and temperature?

A Both temperature and salinity decrease with depth.

B Water masses of the same density will not combine.

C Only one combination of temperature and salinity can yield a given density.

D Density of water tends to decrease with depth.

E Many combinations of temperature and salinity can yield the same density.

Question #13

What describes the theoretical direction of Ekman transport in the Southern Hemisphere?

A 45° to the right of wind direction

B 90° to the right of wind direction

C In the same direction as the wind

D 90° to the left of wind direction

E 45° to the left of wind direction

Question #14

Active margins are also referred to as

A Spreading centers

B Fracture zones

C Hot spots

D Atlantic-type margins

E Pacific-type margins

Question #15

Where on the seafloor would you expect to find the thickest piles of sediment?

A Around hot spot volcanoes

B At a mid-ocean ridge

C In a submarine canyon

D Along the continental margin

E In a deep ocean trench

Question #16

As sediment accumulates in a continental margin, how will isostatic forces cause Earth’s crust behave?

A It will be uplifted

B It will stay the same

C It will spread out

D It will subside

E It will grow thicker

Question #17

Which condition is necessary for a planet to have a permanent liquid ocean?

A Toxic atmosphere

B Low gravity

C Perfectly spherical orbit

D Optimum distance from a star

E Few moons

Question #18

Only 10% of the energy is passed along from one trophic level to the next.

A False

B True

Question #19

El Nino events occur roughly every 4 to 7 years due to a reversal of Pacific trade winds.

A True

B False

Question #20

The seafloor is oldest at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

A False

B True

Question #21

The construction of jetties, groins or breakwaters interrupts the longshore current.

A True

B False

Question #22

An eastern boundary current is slower and colder than a western boundary current.

A True

B False

Question #23

In one hour, the Earth rotates through 15 degrees.

A True

B False

Question #24

Land has a greater heat capacity than water.

A True

B False

Question #25

The average salinity of the world’s ocean in about 3.5%

A False

B True

Question #26

Lines of latitude are parallel to one another.

A False

B True

Question #27

During an ice age, sea level would have been relatively lower than it is today.

A True

B False

Question #28

Petroleum most likely formed from which organic substrate?

A Sea grasses

B Fossilized fish

C Water column debris

D Whale falls

E Planktonic organisms and bacteria

Question #29

What is a major product of combustion for all hydrocarbons?

A nitrous oxide

B nitrogen

C carbon dioxide

D hydrogen

E oxygen

Question #30

What is an example of symbiosis?

A progression

B succession

C carrying capacity

D environmental resistance

E commensalism

Question #31

Which area is most likely to have the most populous and diverse community of organisms?

A surface of a polar ocean

B cobble beaches

C intertidal zone

D deep ocean

E surface of temperate ocean

Question #32

Which of the following is a ring-shaped island of coral?

A Mangrove

B Drumlin

C Barrier reef

D Atoll

E Fringing reef

Question #33

What type of tidal patterns exists on the west coast of the United States, which receives two high tides and two low tides of varying heights per day?

A semidiurnal mixed tides

B spring tides

C neap tides

D semidiurnal tides

E diurnal tides

Question #34

How fast does a wave with wavelength of 20 meters and period of 20 seconds travel?

A 1 meter per second

B 10 meters per second

C 400 meters per second

D 20 meters per second

E There is not enough information to tell

Question #35

What is true about the Coriolis effect?

A It causes Northern Hemisphere surface currents to flow to the left of the wind direction.

B It is strongest near the equator.

C It causes cold-core eddies in the Northern Hemisphere to rotate clockwise.

D It causes the peak of the “hill” in the center of the gyre to be steeper on the eastern side.

E It is absent at the equator.

Question #36

An air mass pausing above a warm ocean surface will have what characteristics?

A Warm, humid air with zones of low pressure

B Cold, dry air with zones of low pressure

C Cold, dry air with zones of high pressure

D Warm, humid air with zones of high pressure

E Warm, dry air with zones of high pressure

Question #37

Why can seawater hold many times more carbon dioxide than either nitrogen or oxygen at saturation?

A Carbon dioxide is not used in photosynthesis.

B Carbon dioxide is used by plankton for energy

C Carbon dioxide is used in mineral formation.

D Carbon dioxide is more reactive.

E Carbon dioxide combines chemically with water to form carbonic acid.

Question #38

An abundance of foraminifera shells would be described as what type of sediment?

A siliceous ooze

B turbidic sediment

C diatomaceous earth

D evaporitic sediment

E calcareous ooze

Question #39

What process gives trenches their unique arc-shaped depressions?

A Volcanic eruptions

B Erosion

C Subduction

D Turbidity

E Spreading

Question #40

As mountains erode, how will isostatic forces cause Earth’s crust beneath the mountain to behave?

A Sink

B Stay the same

C Spread out

D Subduct

E Rise

Question #41

Which extreme environment may have favored the origin of life on Earth?

A estuarine bays

B rainforest sediments

C polar sea ice

D hydrothermal vents

Question #42

What is the prevailing wind direction at a latitude of 30 degrees North?

A Descending down to land surface

B Ascending up into the atmosphere

C From east to west

D From west to east

E From north to south

Question #43

Match the appropriate plate boundary.Trenches

A Divergent plate boundary

B Transform plate boudary

C Convergent plate boundary

Question #44

Match the appropriate plate boundary.Seafloor spreading

A Convergent plate boundary

B Transform plate boudary

C Divergent plate boundary

Question #45

Match the appropriate plate boundary.Magnetic “stripes” on the seafloor

A Transform plate boudary

B Divergent plate boundary

C Convergent plate boundary

Question #46

Match the appropriate plate boundary. Fracture zones

A Divergent plate boundary

B Transform plate boudary

C Convergent plate boundary

Question #47

Match the appropriate plate boundary. Island arc

A Transform plate boudary

B Divergent plate boundary

C Convergent plate boundary

Question #48

Which of the following statements about coastal waters is CORRECT?

A Coastal waters are of minor importance for shipping because they traverse the open ocean.

B Coastal waters serve as nursery grounds for many species that inhabit the open ocean.

C Coastal waters receive land-derived pollutants after they pass through the open ocean.

D Coastal waters have limited opportunities for oil production and recreational activities.

E Coastal waters only support about 15% of the total mass of life in the oceans.

Question #49

Which of the following currents contributes to the South Eastern United States being humid?

A Gulf Stream

B California Current

C North Atlantic Current

D Brazil Current

E North Equatorial Current

Question #50

Which of the following powers tropical cyclones?

A An apparent force resulting from Earth’s rotation that causes particles in motion to be deflected.

B West Wind Drift

C Heat transfer in a gas or liquid by the circulation of currents from one region to another.

D The vast amounts of latent heat as water evaporates and condenses.

E A density-driven circulation that is initiated at the ocean surface by temperature and salinity.

Question #51

The strength of a hurricane stems from water’s ________.

A latent heat of sublimation

B latent heat of fusion

C latent heat of melting

D latent heat of condensation

E latent heat of deposition

Question #52

A tropical maritime air mass is likely to be ________.

A dry and warm

B not enough information to tell

C dry and cold

D wet and warm

E wet and cold

Question #53

A warming ocean will be able to hold _______ dissolved gases.

A more

B the same

C less

Question #54

The pycnocline develops primarily as a result of _____ temperature with depth.

A higher

B the same

C lower

Question #55

Solutes _____ the freezing point of water

A has no effect to

B increase

C lower

Question #56

Hydrogen bonds are about _____ % as strong as covalent bonds.

A 15 to 20

B 10 to 15

C 1 to 5

D 5 to 10

Question #57

Soil has a ______ heat capacity than water.

A lower

B higher

C the same

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