Midterm 1

A  cosmogenous and hydrogenous

B  cosmogenous and lithogenous

C  biogenous and cosmogenous

D  biogenous and lithogenous

E  lithogenous and hydrogenous

F  biogenous and hydrogenous

A  land based plants

B  dinosaurs

C  fish and amphibians

D  microscopic organisms

A  hydrogenous

B  lithogenous

C  cosmogenous

D  volcanic

A  biogenous material dissolves faster than it accumulates

B  very little sediment accumulates on continental margins

C  the biogenous component tends to be overwhelmed by the amount of lithogenous material derived from the nearby continent

D  relatively few marine organisms live in the waters over the continental margins

A  destruction

B  productivity

C  dilution

D  ecology

A  silica; calcium carbonate

B  basalt; granite

C  calcium carbonate; volcanic ash

D  silica; quartz

A  the ocean depth above which calcium carbonate is unstable and will quickly dissolve

B  the ocean depth above which calcium carbonate is unstable and will form sediments that last

C  the ocean depth below which calcium carbonate is unstable and will quickly dissolve

D  the ocean depth below which calcium carbonate is stable and can form sediments that last

A  volcanic particles

B  wind-driven dust

C  diatom ooze

D  beach sand

E  clays

A  hydrogenous sediments

B  large particles

C  cosmogenous sediments

D  clay-sized particles

A  sorting

B  composition

C  fabric

D  texture

A  hydrothermal vents

B  thick layers of sediment

C  a central rift valley

D  basalt volcanism

A  parts of continents that broke off

B  parts of volcanic island arcs

C  formed at hot spots

D  volcanic in origin

A  abyssal plains

B  submarine canyons

C  continental slopes

D  continental shelfs

A  depth sounding

B  sonar waves

C  mapping with satellite

D  magnetometer

A  cartography

B  hydrology

C  navigation

D  tomography

E  bathymetry

A  a transform boundary

B  a divergent boundary

C  a hot spot

D  a convergent boundary

A  subduction zones

B  transform faults

C  the mid-ocean ridge

D  submarine canyons

A  lithosphere; asthenosphere

B  asthenosphere; lithosphere

C  lithosphere; mesosphere

D  mantle; crust

A  a human can run

B  a human’s fingernail grows

C  a snail crawls

D  a human can walk

A  at plate boundaries

B  at the bottom of the ocean

C  on the continents

D  in the middle of the plates

A  subduction

B  sea floor spreading

C  mass extinction of life-forms

D  a symmetrical pattern of normal and reverse magnetization in ocean crustal rocks

A  convergent; continental; divergent

B  convergent; oceanic; divergent

C  divergent; oceanic; convergent

D  divergent; continental; convergent

A  guesses

B  hypotheses

C  theories

D  observations

A  theory formation

B  testing

C  hypothesis

D  observation

A  Antarctica

B  Sahara Desert

C  Pacific Ocean

D  Amazon Rainforest

A  Ionosphere

B  Lithosphere

C  Asthensophere

A  Lithosphere

B  Asthensophere

C  Ionosphere

A  Dolomite

B  Granite

C  Basalth

A  Granite

B  Iron

C  Coal

A  Basalth

B  Granite

C  Iron and Nickel

A  Radiometric dating

B  Density stratification

C  Outgassing

A  Outgassing

B  Density stratification

C  Innergassing

A  Outgassing

B  Radiometric dating

C  Density stratification

A  Calcium carbonate

B  Granite

C  Basalth

A  Asthensophere

B  Lithosphere

C  Pangea

A  Neritic (coastal)

B  Pelagic (oceanic)

A  Pelagic (oceanic)

B  Neritic (coastal)

A  Pelagic (oceanic)

B  Neritic (coastal)

A  Neritic (coastal)

B  Pelagic (oceanic)

A  Pelagic (oceanic)

B  Neritic (coastal)

A  Neritic (coastal)

B  Pelagic (oceanic)

A  2.5 billion years ago

B  4 billion years ago

C  200,000 years ago

A  4.5 billion years ago

B  200,000 years ago

C  4 billion years ago

A  2.5 billion years ago

B  4.5 billion years ago

C  200,000 years ago

A  2.5 billion years ago

B  4.5 billion years ago

C  4 billion years ago

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE