Final Exam

A  guaranteed all women access to abortion.

B  found that laws against contraceptives were legal.

C  found that laws against contraceptives were legal and ruled that the Court cannot establish a right unless it is specifically mentioned in the Constitution.

D  held that the law violated the right to privacy.

E  ruled that the Court cannot establish a right unless it is specifically mentioned in the Constitution.

A  Eighth Amendment rights.

B  First Amendment rights.

C  Miranda rights.

D  Lemon rights.

E  Griswold rights.

A  symbolic speech; protected by the courts

B  symbolic speech; not protected by the courts

C  contentless speech; not protected by the courts

D  symbolic speech; seen as a misapplication of the principles of free speech

E  contentless speech; protected by the courts

A  a 2010 Constitutional Amendment.

B  a 2015 executive order.

C  a 2015 Supreme Court decision.

D  a 2016 Congressional law.

E  an international treaty on human rights.

A  abolished slavery.

B  ended racial segregation in the United States.

C  set the minimum voting age to eighteen.

D  did away with racial restrictions on voting.

E  expanded the right to vote to women.

A  China; Mexico and Central America

B  Latin America; Eastern Europe

C  Asia; Latin America

D  Western Europe; former Soviet states

E  Europe; Latin American and Asia

A  all affirmative action programs were unconstitutional.

B  affirmative action programs were allowable in law schools, but not to be utilized in medical schools.

C  race cannot be considered as a factor at all in making admissions decisions.

D  race cannot be the sole factor in admissions decisions.

E  quota systems are constitutional.

A  affirmative action.

B  civil rights.

C  civil liberties.

D  the Lincoln dilemma.

E  legislative mandate.

A  intermediate scrutiny

B  strict scrutiny

C  moderate scrutiny

D  rational basis review

E  exacting scrutiny

A  Dr. King; Malcolm X

B  Malcolm X; Dr. King

C  Rosa Parks; Dr. King

D  Dr. King; Rosa Parks

E  Harriet Tubman; Malcolm X

A  African Americans cannot be refused college admission

B  public school segregation of races violates the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment

C  separation of races for educational purposes is constitutional

D  the national government has no power over local school boards

E  ethnic minorities have no right to equal treatment

A  constitutional exams.

B  primary tests.

C  poll tests.

D  literacy tests.

E  registration tests.

A  whites to exclude African Americans from voting in Democratic primaries.

B  all races to participate in elections on an equal basis.

C  voters to select ballots for each party based on different skin colors.

D  whites to exclude African Americans from voting in the general elections.

E  African Americans the opportunity to vote for the first time.

A  ruled that African Americans are not persons for the purposes of the Constitution.

B  agreed that separation of races is not a violation of the Constitution.

C  tried to stop the development of legal racial segregation known as Jim Crow laws.

D  stated that schools may not practice any type of racial segregation.

E  ruled that the practice of slavery must cease before the end of the century.

A  were designed to enforce the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments.

B  made it illegal to use law or custom to deprive anyone of rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution.

C  implemented the extension of citizenship to anyone born in the United States.

D  All of these choices are true.

E  declared that everyone is entitled to full and equal enjoyment of public accommodations.

A  gave eighteen-year-olds the right to vote.

B  provided equal protection under the law.

C  gave women the right to vote.

D  stated that the right to vote shall not be abridged on account of race.

E  outlawed slavery.

A  the Fourteenth Amendment.

B  the Thirteenth Amendment.

C  the Fifteenth Amendment.

D  the Nineteenth Amendment.

E  the Declaration of Independence.

A  civil liberties such as freedom of religion, speech, or assembly.

B  what the government must do to ensure freedom from discrimination.

C  Gun ownership

D  limitations on what the government may not do to interfere with individual liberties.

E  the rights of all Americans provided for in the Fourteenth Amendment and what the government must do to ensure freedom from discrimination.

A  judicial review.

B  the Tenth Amendment.

C  the separation of powers.

D  the Fifth Amendment.

E  the Eighth Amendment.

A  prohibits the arresting officer from serving as a character witness at a hearing or trial.

B  is limited to the federal courts.

C  prohibits the detention of a suspect for more than forty-eight hours without the suspect being charged.

D  None of these choices is true.

E  forbids the admission of illegally seized evidence at trial.

A  if one cannot afford an attorney, the government must provide one.

B  lawyers only need to be appointed in death penalty cases.

C  a lawyer does not have to be supplied in a state case.

D  search warrants are always needed to gather evidence.

E  there can be no cruel and unusual punishment.

A  symbolic speech.

B  the legality of abortion.

C  commercial speech.

D  defamation by libel.

E  the right to die.

A  it is protected by the First Amendment’s freedom of expression (speech).

B  it is considered symbolic speech.

C  Congress passed legislation against flag burning that was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.

D  it was outlawed in some states in the 1980s.

E  a constitutional amendment has been passed outlawing flag burning.

A  it violates the establishment clause for government to support school vouchers.

B  it is constitutional for government to sponsor school prayer if it is voluntary.

C  it violates the free exercise clause for government to compose official prayers.

D  it violates the establishment clause for government to compose official prayers.

E  it violates the free exercise clause for government to support school vouchers.

A  the establishment clause and the general welfare clause

B  the establishment clause and the free exercise clause

C  the supremacy clause and the free exercise clause

D  the general welfare clause and the supremacy clause

E  the free exercise clause and the general welfare clause

A  limited only the power of state governments.

B  limited only the power of the national government, not that of the states.

C  protected citizens from the national and state governments, but not from local governments.

D  contained no language on religion.

E  protected citizens from all forms of government.

A  two years, three years

B  two years; six years

C  six years; two years

D  two years; four years

E  six years; four years

A  are defeated in primary elections.

B  successfully run for reelection.

C  are term limited and cannot run for reelection.

D  are defeated in general elections.

E  choose not to run for reelection.

A  the president’s political party will be unaffected unless the president campaigns for congressional candidates.

B  incumbents are more likely to lose.

C  the president’s political party will usually gain seats in Congress.

D  voter turnout falls sharply.

E  voter turnout increases sharply.

A  reapportionment.

B  incumbency advantage.

C  the coattail effect.

D  redistricting.

E  gerrymandering.

A  trustee; instructed delegate

B  instructed delegate; ombudsperson

C  ombudsperson; trustee

D  trustee; ombudsperson

E  instructed delegate; trustee

A  Congress.

B  the House, but not the Senate.

C  the bureaucracy.

D  the President.

E  the Senate, but not the House.

A  the bureaucracy.

B  the legislature.

C  the electoral college.

D  the judiciary.

E  the chief executive.

A  delegates.

B  trustees.

C  representatives.

D  constituents.

E  members.

A  bicameralism.

B  unicameralism.

C  multicameralism.

D  the separation of powers.

E  cameralism.

A  Bernie Sanders.

B  Ted Cruz.

C  Hillary Clinton.

D  Scott Walker.

E  Donald Trump.

A  moderates.

B  liberals.

C  libertarians.

D  conservatives.

E  socialists.

A  it may boost the chances of a third candidate.

B  the public do not pay attention to negative ads.

C  the public may think poorly of a candidate who engages in negative advertising.

D  it may boost the chances of a third candidate, and the public may think poorly of a candidate who engages in negative advertising.

E  None of these choices is true.

A  a decline in both positive and negative political advertising; they are perceived as ineffective

B  a decline in negative advertising; it is perceived as having little or no effect

C  an increase in negative advertising; it is perceived as effective

D  a decline in negative advertising; it only harms the campaign that “goes negative”

E  a decline in both positive and negative political advertising; they are too costly

A  a sound frame.

B  a sound bite.

C  a quick quote.

D  a media frame.

E  a media bite.

A  racial restrictions.

B  property ownership restrictions.

C  citizenship restrictions.

D  age restrictions.

E  sex/gender restrictions.

A  increases; decreases

B  decreases; increases

C  stabilizes; decreases

D  increases; increases

E  stabilizes; increases

A  primary elections; general elections

B  local elections; Congressional elections

C  presidential elections; midterm elections

D  local elections; presidential elections

E  state elections; presidential elections

A  preventing vote fraud; suppressing turnout among members of the armed forces serving abroad

B  increasing turnout; suppressing turnout among members of the armed forces serving abroad

C  preventing vote fraud; making ID fraud more common

D  increasing turnout; suppressing turnout among minorities and the poor

E  preventing vote fraud; suppressing turnout among minorities and the poor

A  voters elect the president directly.

B  All of these choices are true.

C  None of these choices is true.

D  the number of electors equals each state’s number of senators (two) plus its number of representatives.

E  electors have always voted for the candidate who won their state’s vote.

A  primary election; secondary election

B  primary election; general election

C  partisan election; primary election

D  general election; primary election

E  partisan election; general election

A  is impossible.

B  would require a switch to a parliamentary system of government.

C  could be done by an act of Congress.

D  can be done on a state by state basis.

E  would require a Constitutional Amendment.

A  they are voting for a slate of electors pledged to support a particular candidate.

B  their votes are weighted by the number of times they have previously voted.

C  they become members of the electoral college.

D  their votes are weighted by their levels of education.

E  they are also voting for all other candidates from the same party.

A  swing voter.

B  splinter voter.

C  independent.

D  split-ticket voter

E  dealigned voter.

A  an establishment candidate who led from the beginning.

B  an insurgent candidate who won over the establishment.

C  an establishment candidate who won due to his advantage in the “invisible primary.”

D  an establishment candidate who overcame insurgent candidates.

E  an insurgent candidate who never faded in the polls.

A  participation in presidential debates is required of candidates by law.

B  debates put challengers and incumbents on equal footing.

C  televised debates are believed to have given John Kennedy the edge over Richard Nixon in the close election of 1960.

D  debates can undermine the presidential image of an incumbent.

E  challengers generally have more to gain by debating than do incumbent Presidents.

A  Kennedy and Nixon in 1960.

B  Nixon and McGovern in 1972.

C  Eisenhower and Stevenson in 1956.

D  Johnson and Goldwater in 1964.

E  Nixon and Humphrey in 1968.

A  support the economic positions of their party, regardless of how they feel about its cultural positions.

B  support both the cultural and economic positions of their party.

C  support the cultural positions of their party, regardless of how they feel about its economic positions.

D  choose a party for cultural reasons.

E  choose a party for economic reasons.

A  collect funds from the candidate and transfer them to the political party.

B  coordinate all expenditures directly with the candidate.

C  are not covered by federal election laws.

D  are limited in how much they spend

E  are committees created under federal or state law for the purpose of collecting political donations.

A  ruled that corporations, unions, and non-profit organizations may spend freely to support or oppose candidates as long as those expenditures are not coordinated with the candidate campaigns.

B  increased the political power of corporations.

C  was supported by Republicans on the basis of free speech.

D  All of these choices are true.

E  was opposed by Democrats because it gave corporations some political rights given to individual citizens.

A  Socialist candidates.

B  Libertarian candidates

C  Democratic candidates.

D  Federalist candidates.

E  Republican candidates.

A  The Great Depression shattered working-class voters’ confidence in the Republican Party.

B  Roosevelt’s coalition of whites and blacks was large enough to establish the Democrats as the majority party.

C  Democrats made major interventions in the economy to combat the Great Depression.

D  All of these choices are true.

E  President Roosevelt’s programs were open to whites and African Americans.

A  The Great Depression shattered the working-class belief in Republican economic competence.

B  Republicans held the presidency from the early 1930s until the late 1960s.

C  Roosevelt’s relief programs were generally not available to African Americans, resulting in African Americans’ antagonism toward the Democratic Party that lasted for decades.

D  The Great Depression shattered the working-class belief in Democratic economic competence.

E  The Great Depression solidified the Republican Party as the dominant and most trusted party in American government and politics.

A  threat to national unity and popular government.

B  necessity for the functioning of democracy.

C  legitimate means for interest groups to attempt to gain control of the government.

D  tradition from colonial times that would always exist.

E  vestige of politics under Great Britain and thus a thing of the past.

A  is one in which there are only two legal parties.

B  is one in which control of government is divided between two political parties.

C  tends to exist mostly in European democracies.

D  is one in which only two parties have a reasonable chance of winning.

E  is one in which there are only two legal parties and tends to exist mostly in European democracies.

A  emerged as a consequence of the form of government created by the Constitution.

B  is a requirement in the Constitution.

C  emerged as a consequence of the form of government created by the Constitution and was favored by George Washington.

D  emerged in the twentieth century.

E  was favored by George Washington.

A  is a strong indication of the emergence of a new third party.

B  is another name for federalism.

C  increases the control of the winning party in an election.

D  reflects a situation when a person votes for candidates of two parties for different offices.

E  exists when the presidency and Congress are controlled by different parties.

A  the members of the electoral college.

B  the individuals who choose the members of the electoral college.

C  the formal structure and leadership of a political party.

D  all of the elected and appointed officials who identify with a party.

E  the members of the general public who identify with a political party.

A  Libertarian Party

B  Federalist Party

C  Republican Party

D  Green Party

E  Democratic Party

A  signing up large numbers of deeply committed members.

B  collecting member dues.

C  peaceably influencing the American public.

D  getting the party’s candidates elected to office by winning elections.

E  trying to find the other party doing “bad” things.

A  political parties do not want to operate the government and interest groups do.

B  political parties want to operate the government and interest groups do not.

C  interest groups select candidates to run for office and political parties do not.

D  individuals in a political party agree on all major policy issues.

E  individuals must pay dues to a political party but not to an interest group.

A  50 percent

B  10 percent

C  25 percent

D  90 percent

E  75 percent

A  a libertarian.

B  an independent.

C  a liberal.

D  a naysayer.

E  a conservative.

A  have faced serious challenges in the Republican primary.

B  have switched to the Democratic Party.

C  have dominated leadership positions in Congress.

D  have defeated many RINOs

E  have most often been the most extremely conservative members of the party.