Final Exam

A  found that laws against contraceptives were legal.

B  held that the law violated the right to privacy.

C  ruled that the Court cannot establish a right unless it is specifically mentioned in the Constitution.

D  guaranteed all women access to abortion.

E  found that laws against contraceptives were legal and ruled that the Court cannot establish a right unless it is specifically mentioned in the Constitution.

A  Miranda rights.

B  Lemon rights.

C  Griswold rights.

D  First Amendment rights.

E  Eighth Amendment rights.

A  contentless speech; not protected by the courts

B  contentless speech; protected by the courts

C  symbolic speech; not protected by the courts

D  symbolic speech; protected by the courts

E  symbolic speech; seen as a misapplication of the principles of free speech

A  a 2016 Congressional law.

B  a 2010 Constitutional Amendment.

C  a 2015 executive order.

D  an international treaty on human rights.

E  a 2015 Supreme Court decision.

A  ended racial segregation in the United States.

B  set the minimum voting age to eighteen.

C  expanded the right to vote to women.

D  abolished slavery.

E  did away with racial restrictions on voting.

A  Asia; Latin America

B  Western Europe; former Soviet states

C  China; Mexico and Central America

D  Europe; Latin American and Asia

E  Latin America; Eastern Europe

A  race cannot be the sole factor in admissions decisions.

B  all affirmative action programs were unconstitutional.

C  quota systems are constitutional.

D  race cannot be considered as a factor at all in making admissions decisions.

E  affirmative action programs were allowable in law schools, but not to be utilized in medical schools.

A  affirmative action.

B  the Lincoln dilemma.

C  civil liberties.

D  civil rights.

E  legislative mandate.

A  exacting scrutiny

B  intermediate scrutiny

C  strict scrutiny

D  rational basis review

E  moderate scrutiny

A  Dr. King; Malcolm X

B  Harriet Tubman; Malcolm X

C  Malcolm X; Dr. King

D  Rosa Parks; Dr. King

E  Dr. King; Rosa Parks

A  ethnic minorities have no right to equal treatment

B  the national government has no power over local school boards

C  African Americans cannot be refused college admission

D  public school segregation of races violates the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment

E  separation of races for educational purposes is constitutional

A  literacy tests.

B  poll tests.

C  registration tests.

D  constitutional exams.

E  primary tests.

A  voters to select ballots for each party based on different skin colors.

B  all races to participate in elections on an equal basis.

C  whites to exclude African Americans from voting in the general elections.

D  African Americans the opportunity to vote for the first time.

E  whites to exclude African Americans from voting in Democratic primaries.

A  ruled that the practice of slavery must cease before the end of the century.

B  tried to stop the development of legal racial segregation known as Jim Crow laws.

C  agreed that separation of races is not a violation of the Constitution.

D  stated that schools may not practice any type of racial segregation.

E  ruled that African Americans are not persons for the purposes of the Constitution.

A  All of these choices are true.

B  were designed to enforce the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments.

C  made it illegal to use law or custom to deprive anyone of rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution.

D  declared that everyone is entitled to full and equal enjoyment of public accommodations.

E  implemented the extension of citizenship to anyone born in the United States.

A  outlawed slavery.

B  provided equal protection under the law.

C  gave eighteen-year-olds the right to vote.

D  stated that the right to vote shall not be abridged on account of race.

E  gave women the right to vote.

A  the Nineteenth Amendment.

B  the Declaration of Independence.

C  the Fourteenth Amendment.

D  the Thirteenth Amendment.

E  the Fifteenth Amendment.

A  what the government must do to ensure freedom from discrimination.

B  Gun ownership

C  the rights of all Americans provided for in the Fourteenth Amendment and what the government must do to ensure freedom from discrimination.

D  limitations on what the government may not do to interfere with individual liberties.

E  civil liberties such as freedom of religion, speech, or assembly.

A  the Tenth Amendment.

B  the separation of powers.

C  judicial review.

D  the Fifth Amendment.

E  the Eighth Amendment.

A  is limited to the federal courts.

B  prohibits the arresting officer from serving as a character witness at a hearing or trial.

C  None of these choices is true.

D  forbids the admission of illegally seized evidence at trial.

E  prohibits the detention of a suspect for more than forty-eight hours without the suspect being charged.

A  search warrants are always needed to gather evidence.

B  a lawyer does not have to be supplied in a state case.

C  there can be no cruel and unusual punishment.

D  if one cannot afford an attorney, the government must provide one.

E  lawyers only need to be appointed in death penalty cases.

A  commercial speech.

B  defamation by libel.

C  the right to die.

D  the legality of abortion.

E  symbolic speech.

A  it is considered symbolic speech.

B  it was outlawed in some states in the 1980s.

C  Congress passed legislation against flag burning that was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.

D  a constitutional amendment has been passed outlawing flag burning.

E  it is protected by the First Amendment’s freedom of expression (speech).

A  it violates the establishment clause for government to support school vouchers.

B  it violates the free exercise clause for government to compose official prayers.

C  it violates the establishment clause for government to compose official prayers.

D  it violates the free exercise clause for government to support school vouchers.

E  it is constitutional for government to sponsor school prayer if it is voluntary.

A  the general welfare clause and the supremacy clause

B  the free exercise clause and the general welfare clause

C  the establishment clause and the free exercise clause

D  the supremacy clause and the free exercise clause

E  the establishment clause and the general welfare clause

A  protected citizens from the national and state governments, but not from local governments.

B  contained no language on religion.

C  protected citizens from all forms of government.

D  limited only the power of the national government, not that of the states.

E  limited only the power of state governments.

A  two years, three years

B  two years; four years

C  six years; four years

D  six years; two years

E  two years; six years

A  choose not to run for reelection.

B  are defeated in general elections.

C  are defeated in primary elections.

D  successfully run for reelection.

E  are term limited and cannot run for reelection.

A  voter turnout increases sharply.

B  the president’s political party will usually gain seats in Congress.

C  incumbents are more likely to lose.

D  the president’s political party will be unaffected unless the president campaigns for congressional candidates.

E  voter turnout falls sharply.

A  incumbency advantage.

B  redistricting.

C  gerrymandering.

D  reapportionment.

E  the coattail effect.

A  instructed delegate; ombudsperson

B  trustee; instructed delegate

C  trustee; ombudsperson

D  instructed delegate; trustee

E  ombudsperson; trustee

A  the President.

B  Congress.

C  the House, but not the Senate.

D  the Senate, but not the House.

E  the bureaucracy.

A  the bureaucracy.

B  the legislature.

C  the electoral college.

D  the chief executive.

E  the judiciary.

A  delegates.

B  members.

C  constituents.

D  trustees.

E  representatives.

A  the separation of powers.

B  bicameralism.

C  unicameralism.

D  multicameralism.

E  cameralism.

A  Scott Walker.

B  Hillary Clinton.

C  Ted Cruz.

D  Bernie Sanders.

E  Donald Trump.

A  conservatives.

B  socialists.

C  liberals.

D  libertarians.

E  moderates.

A  the public may think poorly of a candidate who engages in negative advertising.

B  it may boost the chances of a third candidate, and the public may think poorly of a candidate who engages in negative advertising.

C  the public do not pay attention to negative ads.

D  None of these choices is true.

E  it may boost the chances of a third candidate.

A  an increase in negative advertising; it is perceived as effective

B  a decline in negative advertising; it only harms the campaign that “goes negative”

C  a decline in both positive and negative political advertising; they are perceived as ineffective

D  a decline in negative advertising; it is perceived as having little or no effect

E  a decline in both positive and negative political advertising; they are too costly

A  a quick quote.

B  a sound bite.

C  a media frame.

D  a media bite.

E  a sound frame.

A  sex/gender restrictions.

B  age restrictions.

C  citizenship restrictions.

D  property ownership restrictions.

E  racial restrictions.

A  stabilizes; decreases

B  stabilizes; increases

C  decreases; increases

D  increases; decreases

E  increases; increases

A  local elections; presidential elections

B  primary elections; general elections

C  presidential elections; midterm elections

D  local elections; Congressional elections

E  state elections; presidential elections

A  increasing turnout; suppressing turnout among members of the armed forces serving abroad

B  preventing vote fraud; making ID fraud more common

C  preventing vote fraud; suppressing turnout among members of the armed forces serving abroad

D  preventing vote fraud; suppressing turnout among minorities and the poor

E  increasing turnout; suppressing turnout among minorities and the poor

A  All of these choices are true.

B  electors have always voted for the candidate who won their state’s vote.

C  None of these choices is true.

D  voters elect the president directly.

E  the number of electors equals each state’s number of senators (two) plus its number of representatives.

A  general election; primary election

B  primary election; general election

C  partisan election; general election

D  partisan election; primary election

E  primary election; secondary election

A  would require a Constitutional Amendment.

B  could be done by an act of Congress.

C  can be done on a state by state basis.

D  is impossible.

E  would require a switch to a parliamentary system of government.

A  they are voting for a slate of electors pledged to support a particular candidate.

B  their votes are weighted by the number of times they have previously voted.

C  they become members of the electoral college.

D  they are also voting for all other candidates from the same party.

E  their votes are weighted by their levels of education.

A  dealigned voter.

B  independent.

C  swing voter.

D  split-ticket voter

E  splinter voter.

A  an establishment candidate who won due to his advantage in the “invisible primary.”

B  an establishment candidate who led from the beginning.

C  an insurgent candidate who never faded in the polls.

D  an insurgent candidate who won over the establishment.

E  an establishment candidate who overcame insurgent candidates.

A  televised debates are believed to have given John Kennedy the edge over Richard Nixon in the close election of 1960.

B  debates can undermine the presidential image of an incumbent.

C  challengers generally have more to gain by debating than do incumbent Presidents.

D  debates put challengers and incumbents on equal footing.

E  participation in presidential debates is required of candidates by law.

A  Johnson and Goldwater in 1964.

B  Eisenhower and Stevenson in 1956.

C  Nixon and McGovern in 1972.

D  Nixon and Humphrey in 1968.

E  Kennedy and Nixon in 1960.

A  choose a party for economic reasons.

B  support the economic positions of their party, regardless of how they feel about its cultural positions.

C  support the cultural positions of their party, regardless of how they feel about its economic positions.

D  choose a party for cultural reasons.

E  support both the cultural and economic positions of their party.

A  collect funds from the candidate and transfer them to the political party.

B  coordinate all expenditures directly with the candidate.

C  are committees created under federal or state law for the purpose of collecting political donations.

D  are limited in how much they spend

E  are not covered by federal election laws.

A  increased the political power of corporations.

B  All of these choices are true.

C  was opposed by Democrats because it gave corporations some political rights given to individual citizens.

D  was supported by Republicans on the basis of free speech.

E  ruled that corporations, unions, and non-profit organizations may spend freely to support or oppose candidates as long as those expenditures are not coordinated with the candidate campaigns.

A  Federalist candidates.

B  Democratic candidates.

C  Libertarian candidates

D  Republican candidates.

E  Socialist candidates.

A  All of these choices are true.

B  The Great Depression shattered working-class voters’ confidence in the Republican Party.

C  Roosevelt’s coalition of whites and blacks was large enough to establish the Democrats as the majority party.

D  President Roosevelt’s programs were open to whites and African Americans.

E  Democrats made major interventions in the economy to combat the Great Depression.

A  Roosevelt’s relief programs were generally not available to African Americans, resulting in African Americans’ antagonism toward the Democratic Party that lasted for decades.

B  The Great Depression shattered the working-class belief in Republican economic competence.

C  The Great Depression shattered the working-class belief in Democratic economic competence.

D  The Great Depression solidified the Republican Party as the dominant and most trusted party in American government and politics.

E  Republicans held the presidency from the early 1930s until the late 1960s.

A  necessity for the functioning of democracy.

B  legitimate means for interest groups to attempt to gain control of the government.

C  threat to national unity and popular government.

D  tradition from colonial times that would always exist.

E  vestige of politics under Great Britain and thus a thing of the past.

A  is one in which there are only two legal parties.

B  tends to exist mostly in European democracies.

C  is one in which control of government is divided between two political parties.

D  is one in which there are only two legal parties and tends to exist mostly in European democracies.

E  is one in which only two parties have a reasonable chance of winning.

A  emerged in the twentieth century.

B  is a requirement in the Constitution.

C  was favored by George Washington.

D  emerged as a consequence of the form of government created by the Constitution.

E  emerged as a consequence of the form of government created by the Constitution and was favored by George Washington.

A  is a strong indication of the emergence of a new third party.

B  reflects a situation when a person votes for candidates of two parties for different offices.

C  is another name for federalism.

D  exists when the presidency and Congress are controlled by different parties.

E  increases the control of the winning party in an election.

A  the individuals who choose the members of the electoral college.

B  all of the elected and appointed officials who identify with a party.

C  the members of the general public who identify with a political party.

D  the members of the electoral college.

E  the formal structure and leadership of a political party.

A  Federalist Party

B  Green Party

C  Democratic Party

D  Republican Party

E  Libertarian Party

A  getting the party’s candidates elected to office by winning elections.

B  trying to find the other party doing “bad” things.

C  signing up large numbers of deeply committed members.

D  collecting member dues.

E  peaceably influencing the American public.

A  interest groups select candidates to run for office and political parties do not.

B  individuals must pay dues to a political party but not to an interest group.

C  political parties want to operate the government and interest groups do not.

D  political parties do not want to operate the government and interest groups do.

E  individuals in a political party agree on all major policy issues.

A  50 percent

B  90 percent

C  25 percent

D  10 percent

E  75 percent

A  an independent.

B  a liberal.

C  a conservative.

D  a libertarian.

E  a naysayer.

A  have switched to the Democratic Party.

B  have faced serious challenges in the Republican primary.

C  have defeated many RINOs

D  have most often been the most extremely conservative members of the party.

E  have dominated leadership positions in Congress.