Exam 1

A  Accepted lying

B  Justified lying

C  Deviant lying

D  Tolerated lying

A  Deterrence theory

B  Restorative theory

C  Denunciation theory

D  Deontological theory

A  Sociological

B  Organizational

C  Geographical

D  Psychological

A  punishing some innocent people is a price of general deterrence

B  offenders are paying a debt to society

C  offenders have taken unfair advantage of others

D  punishment is a censure of offenders

A  judicial rule-making

B  legislative regulation

C  internal codes and regulations

D  police promotions

A  Involving citizens will ensure more citizen arrests are made, thereby helping the police

B  Individual complainants and public will have higher level of confidence in integrity of police practice

C  Involving citizens is likely to deter police misconduct

D  Involving citizens is likely to result in more objective and thorough investigations

A  It works only if we fix offenders while we lock them up

B  It works only if those we lock up are not immediately replaced by new recruits

C  It works only if the crimes committed after release are not so frequent or serious so as to negate the effects of the crimes prevented through incapacitative sentencing

D  It works only if we lock up those who would have committed further offenses if they had been left free

A  It fails to account for the problem of just deserts in an unjust world

B  It provides closure to victims

C  It fails to take account of the fact that there are multiple discretions involved in the sentencing power

D  It lacks any principle that determines a properly commensurate sentence

A  The prosecution attempting to intimidate or improperly influence key witnesses.

B  Prosecutors threatened to issue a grand jury subpoena to the 13-year-old son of one defendant and to force the boy to testify against his father.

C  All of the other answers

D  Prosecutors contacted the employer of a witness who refused to cooperate and caused her to be terminated from that employment.

A  An unrepentant offender

B  An offender charged with felonies

C  It should appeal to a persons rational understanding

D  It should provide reconciliation with the community

A  Cultures are totally isolated from one another

B  It provides answers to issues and spurs debate.

C  It operates as a moral isolationism

D  Values of different historical periods are valid throughout time

A  we must accept the fact that there are differences in the morality of different societies

B  there is no possibility that there are moral absolutes

C  we can learn from the morality of other societies

D  we should be willing to have our own societys shortcomings exposed

A  Personal prejudice

B  Practical racism

C  Ideological racism

D  Institutional racism

A  Taking regular vacations

B  Access to a dependable support system

C  Improved communication skills

D  Violent outbursts

A  the social peacekeeper

B  the snappy bureaucrat

C  the emergency operator

D  the social enforcer

A  The person would have committed the crime or a similar crime whether he or she was a victim of the entrapment or not

B  All are equally morally problematic

C  The entrapment succeeds as a technique of detection where other methods, such as complaints investigation, have failed

D  There is sufficient evidence to believe target is likely to commit a crime

A  Are not worthy of discussion because the research is poorly done

B  Almost unanimously show the influence of racial factors

C  Almost unanimously show that race has no influence

D  Are mixed

A  The officer has opportunity to achieve morally good end or outcome and intends to do so

B  The use of means is perceived by the officer to be the best or only practicable means of ensuring the good end is met

C  The means used to achieve good end are not normally considered morally wrong

D  The good likely to be achieved by using dirty hands far outweighs the bad consequences of using dirty means

A  Deaths in Custody Reporting Act of 2000

B  Deaths by Police Reporting Act of 2000

C  Deaths in Custody Reporting Act of 2013

D  Deaths by Personnel Reporting Act of 2000

A  Extralegal force theory

B  Use of force theory

C  Angry aggression theory

D  Use of aggression theory

A  Filing multiple prosecutorial information documents at the same time

B  Charging

C  Indicting

D  Overcharging

A  They have been clearly identified, but nevertheless persist

B  While there is some evidence, they largely do not exist

C  It is not for policy makers to get involved in eradicating racial inequalities

D  They do not qualify as moral issue due to the government being above common people

A  micro- or macro-level approach

B  ability to justify the stated purposes of punishment

C  perspective, as being forward-looking (future) or backward-looking past)

D  emphasis on severity of punishment

A  Ethical problem in the use of authority

B  Ethical problem in the relationship between personal and professional interests

C  Ethical issue in criminal justice and public policy

D  Ethical problem in personal and professional commitments to clients

A  Restorative detention

B  Bureaucratic rationality

C  Rehabilitative detention

D  Punishment rationality

A  Superiority view

B  Historic view

C  Modern view

D  Paternalistic view

A  a fleeing felon who tries to escape

B  a suspect that poses a threat to himself or third person

C  a suspect who is suspected of being armed

D  a suspect that advances toward an officer in a threatening manner

A  CJ professionals have historically ignored ethics in their decision making

B  unethical behavior is more rampant in criminal justice that other fields

C  ethics is not studied at police academies

D  the potential of abuse of discretion and the powers of arrest and use of force society grants to law enforcement personnel

A  results from poor leadership in the department.

B  is caused by pressure from the public to solve crime by any means available

C  is a function of defective officers.

D  starts out involving small amounts or harms and then slowly increases/escalates

A  reliance

B  trust

C  honesty

D  neutrality

A  Less eligibility

B  Imprisonment

C  Disadvantage

D  Punishment

A  See that the guilty are punished and that the public interest is protected

B  See that justice is done and that the guilty are punished

C  See that the public interest is protected and integrity of the court upheld

D  Act without bias or prejudice and follow the law

A  Ethical issue resulting from policing policies

B  Ethical issue in the media reporting of crime

C  Ethical problem in information sharing

D  Ethical problem dealing with human rights issues in the criminal justice system

A  Courts as well as commentators have recognized that the ethical obligation is more demanding than the constitutional obligation

B  That in some circumstances, the defense attorney may break privilege when the attorney clearly knows the defendant is guilty

C  Commentators recommend that misdemeanor cases revert to a preponderance of the evidence as the burden of proof to speed up the trial process

D  Courts have recognized the need for prosecutors to hide exculpatory evidence in some cases

A  Scientific

B  Confession

C  Polygraph

D  Hard

A  Require the prosecutor to get special permission to question the juror

B  All the defense attorney to file a motion of in re delimited

C  Render it precisely the type of judgment most likely to be biased by race

D  Lead to the conviction of innocent defendants

A  Blacks are disproportionately given more severe sentences than whites.

B  Blacks receive proportionately more three-strikes sentences than whites

C  Blacks receive proportionately fewer sentences of probation than whites

D  Past criminal record affects sentencing more than race

A  Not a relevant

B  A minor relevant

C  A moderately relevant

D  Is a relevant

A  It must involve an unpleasantness for the offender

B  It must be deserved

C  It must be for an offense

D  It must be imposed by law enforcement before the offender goes to court

A  Ethical issue resulting from policing policies

B  Ethical problem in information sharing

C  Ethical problem dealing with human rights issues in the criminal justice system

D  Ethical issue in the media reporting of crime

A  Grand apartheid is evident everywhere in the country.

B  There is discrimination in some places at specific decision-making points.

C  There is systematic ethnic discrimination.

D  Jim Crow laws still result in discrimination against minorities.

A  Refuses to pay the agreed-upon fee

B  Is actually guilty of the crime charged

C  Consults the attorney in furtherance of crime or fraud

D  Fires the attorney

A  police discretion

B  police corruption

C  the police subculture

D  police use of excessive force

A  Ethical issue in criminal justice and public policy

B  Ethical problem in the relationship between personal and professional interests

C  Ethical problem in the use of authority

D  Ethical problem in personal and professional commitments to clients

A  conflict theory

B  consensus theory

C  moral panics

D  symbolic aspect of social conflict

A  Interrupted time-series studies

B  Ecological studies

C  Perceptual studies

D  Socioeconomic studies

A  Is basically a passive umpire or referee

B  Can control lawyer strategy

C  Is an active participant in presentation of the case

D  Has the final say on ethical issues

A  mystique.

B  culture.

C  mythology.

D  demeanor.

A  Can continue and require that the prosecution prove the case beyond a reasonable doubt

B  May withdraw from the case if the judge is informed of this reason

C  Is required to withdraw from the case

D  Enter a plea of guilty on behalf of the client

A  Ethical issue in the media reporting of crime

B  Ethical problem dealing with human rights issues in the criminal justice system

C  Ethical problem in information sharing

D  Ethical issue resulting from policing policies

A  Usually and issue of public policy

B  All of the other answers

C  Do not require most individuals to decide the issue does not mean an individual is helpless to influence public debate on a social issue

D  Do not require individual decision making beyond the decision of whether one is in favor of, or opposed to, a particular social issue

A  they establish norms of behavior

B  they create rules the public can rely upon

C  they assure the public that police are required to follow certain standards

D  they establish grounds for discipline

A  Mental hypothesis

B  Emancipation hypothesis

C  Criminalization hypothesis

D  Masculinity hypothesis

A  Seek the most severe punishment legally authorized

B  Reveal evidence to the defense if that evidence tends to negate guilt

C  See that the defendant has the best qualified attorney available

D  Not engage in plea bargaining

A  operated with few legal and ethical controls.

B  were well-trained, well-equipped and well-supervised.

C  saw their primary job as keeping the good will of the people.

D  were relatively immune from politics and corruption.

A  It is important to have the capacity to point to moral reasoning in justifying behavior, and the study of ethics develops that capacity

B  The study of ethics increases sensitivity to issues of right and wrong and the right way to conduct oneself, and aids in identifying acts that have a moral content

C  It is crucial that ethical decisions are made, and the study of ethics enables the development of tools that enhance ethical decision making

D  All of the others are reasons commonly given

A  The White rate is higher than either the Black or Hispanic rate

B  There are no statistically significant differences in rates between the three groups

C  The Hispanic rate is higher than either the Black or white rate

D  The Black rate is higher than either the Hispanic or white rate

A  Persuasive verbalization

B  Command verbalization

C  Presence

D  Firm grips

A  The frequency of arrests of blacks for sale of cocaine and heroin in proportion to whites

B  The frequency of police shooting of blacks in proportion to whites

C  The frequency of arrests of black in proportion to whites

D  The neighborhoods in which arrests take place

A  Half of the U.S. states meet international standards for police use of force requiring legislation to state that lethal force may be used as a last resort.

B  All of the U.S. states meet international standards for police use of force requiring legislation to state that lethal force may be used as a last resort.

C  None of the U.S. states meet international standards for police use of force requiring legislation to state that lethal force may be used as a last resort.

D  One-third of the U.S. states meet international standards for police use of force requiring legislation to state that lethal force may be used as a last resort.