Exam 1

A  Accepted lying

B  Justified lying

C  Deviant lying

D  Tolerated lying

A  Deterrence theory

B  Deontological theory

C  Denunciation theory

D  Restorative theory

A  Geographical

B  Sociological

C  Psychological

D  Organizational

A  offenders are paying a debt to society

B  punishment is a censure of offenders

C  punishing some innocent people is a price of general deterrence

D  offenders have taken unfair advantage of others

A  judicial rule-making

B  legislative regulation

C  internal codes and regulations

D  police promotions

A  Involving citizens is likely to deter police misconduct

B  Individual complainants and public will have higher level of confidence in integrity of police practice

C  Involving citizens will ensure more citizen arrests are made, thereby helping the police

D  Involving citizens is likely to result in more objective and thorough investigations

A  It works only if we lock up those who would have committed further offenses if they had been left free

B  It works only if we fix offenders while we lock them up

C  It works only if those we lock up are not immediately replaced by new recruits

D  It works only if the crimes committed after release are not so frequent or serious so as to negate the effects of the crimes prevented through incapacitative sentencing

A  It lacks any principle that determines a properly commensurate sentence

B  It provides closure to victims

C  It fails to take account of the fact that there are multiple discretions involved in the sentencing power

D  It fails to account for the problem of just deserts in an unjust world

A  The prosecution attempting to intimidate or improperly influence key witnesses.

B  All of the other answers

C  Prosecutors contacted the employer of a witness who refused to cooperate and caused her to be terminated from that employment.

D  Prosecutors threatened to issue a grand jury subpoena to the 13-year-old son of one defendant and to force the boy to testify against his father.

A  It should appeal to a persons rational understanding

B  It should provide reconciliation with the community

C  An unrepentant offender

D  An offender charged with felonies

A  Values of different historical periods are valid throughout time

B  It operates as a moral isolationism

C  Cultures are totally isolated from one another

D  It provides answers to issues and spurs debate.

A  we should be willing to have our own societys shortcomings exposed

B  there is no possibility that there are moral absolutes

C  we must accept the fact that there are differences in the morality of different societies

D  we can learn from the morality of other societies

A  Institutional racism

B  Practical racism

C  Ideological racism

D  Personal prejudice

A  Access to a dependable support system

B  Violent outbursts

C  Improved communication skills

D  Taking regular vacations

A  the social enforcer

B  the social peacekeeper

C  the snappy bureaucrat

D  the emergency operator

A  All are equally morally problematic

B  The person would have committed the crime or a similar crime whether he or she was a victim of the entrapment or not

C  There is sufficient evidence to believe target is likely to commit a crime

D  The entrapment succeeds as a technique of detection where other methods, such as complaints investigation, have failed

A  Are not worthy of discussion because the research is poorly done

B  Are mixed

C  Almost unanimously show the influence of racial factors

D  Almost unanimously show that race has no influence

A  The good likely to be achieved by using dirty hands far outweighs the bad consequences of using dirty means

B  The officer has opportunity to achieve morally good end or outcome and intends to do so

C  The means used to achieve good end are not normally considered morally wrong

D  The use of means is perceived by the officer to be the best or only practicable means of ensuring the good end is met

A  Deaths by Personnel Reporting Act of 2000

B  Deaths in Custody Reporting Act of 2000

C  Deaths by Police Reporting Act of 2000

D  Deaths in Custody Reporting Act of 2013

A  Use of force theory

B  Use of aggression theory

C  Angry aggression theory

D  Extralegal force theory

A  Charging

B  Overcharging

C  Indicting

D  Filing multiple prosecutorial information documents at the same time

A  They have been clearly identified, but nevertheless persist

B  While there is some evidence, they largely do not exist

C  They do not qualify as moral issue due to the government being above common people

D  It is not for policy makers to get involved in eradicating racial inequalities

A  ability to justify the stated purposes of punishment

B  perspective, as being forward-looking (future) or backward-looking past)

C  emphasis on severity of punishment

D  micro- or macro-level approach

A  Ethical problem in personal and professional commitments to clients

B  Ethical problem in the use of authority

C  Ethical issue in criminal justice and public policy

D  Ethical problem in the relationship between personal and professional interests

A  Bureaucratic rationality

B  Rehabilitative detention

C  Restorative detention

D  Punishment rationality

A  Historic view

B  Superiority view

C  Modern view

D  Paternalistic view

A  a suspect who is suspected of being armed

B  a suspect that poses a threat to himself or third person

C  a fleeing felon who tries to escape

D  a suspect that advances toward an officer in a threatening manner

A  CJ professionals have historically ignored ethics in their decision making

B  the potential of abuse of discretion and the powers of arrest and use of force society grants to law enforcement personnel

C  unethical behavior is more rampant in criminal justice that other fields

D  ethics is not studied at police academies

A  results from poor leadership in the department.

B  starts out involving small amounts or harms and then slowly increases/escalates

C  is a function of defective officers.

D  is caused by pressure from the public to solve crime by any means available

A  honesty

B  neutrality

C  reliance

D  trust

A  Less eligibility

B  Punishment

C  Disadvantage

D  Imprisonment

A  See that the guilty are punished and that the public interest is protected

B  See that justice is done and that the guilty are punished

C  See that the public interest is protected and integrity of the court upheld

D  Act without bias or prejudice and follow the law

A  Ethical issue in the media reporting of crime

B  Ethical problem dealing with human rights issues in the criminal justice system

C  Ethical issue resulting from policing policies

D  Ethical problem in information sharing

A  Courts as well as commentators have recognized that the ethical obligation is more demanding than the constitutional obligation

B  Commentators recommend that misdemeanor cases revert to a preponderance of the evidence as the burden of proof to speed up the trial process

C  That in some circumstances, the defense attorney may break privilege when the attorney clearly knows the defendant is guilty

D  Courts have recognized the need for prosecutors to hide exculpatory evidence in some cases

A  Hard

B  Confession

C  Scientific

D  Polygraph

A  Lead to the conviction of innocent defendants

B  Require the prosecutor to get special permission to question the juror

C  All the defense attorney to file a motion of in re delimited

D  Render it precisely the type of judgment most likely to be biased by race

A  Blacks receive proportionately more three-strikes sentences than whites

B  Blacks are disproportionately given more severe sentences than whites.

C  Past criminal record affects sentencing more than race

D  Blacks receive proportionately fewer sentences of probation than whites

A  A moderately relevant

B  A minor relevant

C  Not a relevant

D  Is a relevant

A  It must involve an unpleasantness for the offender

B  It must be for an offense

C  It must be imposed by law enforcement before the offender goes to court

D  It must be deserved

A  Ethical problem dealing with human rights issues in the criminal justice system

B  Ethical issue in the media reporting of crime

C  Ethical issue resulting from policing policies

D  Ethical problem in information sharing

A  There is discrimination in some places at specific decision-making points.

B  There is systematic ethnic discrimination.

C  Grand apartheid is evident everywhere in the country.

D  Jim Crow laws still result in discrimination against minorities.

A  Is actually guilty of the crime charged

B  Consults the attorney in furtherance of crime or fraud

C  Refuses to pay the agreed-upon fee

D  Fires the attorney

A  the police subculture

B  police discretion

C  police use of excessive force

D  police corruption

A  Ethical issue in criminal justice and public policy

B  Ethical problem in personal and professional commitments to clients

C  Ethical problem in the relationship between personal and professional interests

D  Ethical problem in the use of authority

A  moral panics

B  symbolic aspect of social conflict

C  conflict theory

D  consensus theory

A  Perceptual studies

B  Interrupted time-series studies

C  Socioeconomic studies

D  Ecological studies

A  Is basically a passive umpire or referee

B  Has the final say on ethical issues

C  Can control lawyer strategy

D  Is an active participant in presentation of the case

A  culture.

B  mystique.

C  mythology.

D  demeanor.

A  Can continue and require that the prosecution prove the case beyond a reasonable doubt

B  May withdraw from the case if the judge is informed of this reason

C  Is required to withdraw from the case

D  Enter a plea of guilty on behalf of the client

A  Ethical problem dealing with human rights issues in the criminal justice system

B  Ethical issue in the media reporting of crime

C  Ethical problem in information sharing

D  Ethical issue resulting from policing policies

A  Do not require individual decision making beyond the decision of whether one is in favor of, or opposed to, a particular social issue

B  All of the other answers

C  Usually and issue of public policy

D  Do not require most individuals to decide the issue does not mean an individual is helpless to influence public debate on a social issue

A  they assure the public that police are required to follow certain standards

B  they create rules the public can rely upon

C  they establish grounds for discipline

D  they establish norms of behavior

A  Criminalization hypothesis

B  Mental hypothesis

C  Emancipation hypothesis

D  Masculinity hypothesis

A  Seek the most severe punishment legally authorized

B  See that the defendant has the best qualified attorney available

C  Reveal evidence to the defense if that evidence tends to negate guilt

D  Not engage in plea bargaining

A  were well-trained, well-equipped and well-supervised.

B  were relatively immune from politics and corruption.

C  saw their primary job as keeping the good will of the people.

D  operated with few legal and ethical controls.

A  It is important to have the capacity to point to moral reasoning in justifying behavior, and the study of ethics develops that capacity

B  All of the others are reasons commonly given

C  The study of ethics increases sensitivity to issues of right and wrong and the right way to conduct oneself, and aids in identifying acts that have a moral content

D  It is crucial that ethical decisions are made, and the study of ethics enables the development of tools that enhance ethical decision making

A  The White rate is higher than either the Black or Hispanic rate

B  There are no statistically significant differences in rates between the three groups

C  The Hispanic rate is higher than either the Black or white rate

D  The Black rate is higher than either the Hispanic or white rate

A  Command verbalization

B  Firm grips

C  Persuasive verbalization

D  Presence

A  The frequency of arrests of black in proportion to whites

B  The frequency of arrests of blacks for sale of cocaine and heroin in proportion to whites

C  The frequency of police shooting of blacks in proportion to whites

D  The neighborhoods in which arrests take place

A  One-third of the U.S. states meet international standards for police use of force requiring legislation to state that lethal force may be used as a last resort.

B  All of the U.S. states meet international standards for police use of force requiring legislation to state that lethal force may be used as a last resort.

C  Half of the U.S. states meet international standards for police use of force requiring legislation to state that lethal force may be used as a last resort.

D  None of the U.S. states meet international standards for police use of force requiring legislation to state that lethal force may be used as a last resort.