Exam 2 Chapters 7 – 11

A  Had a positive effect in corrections

B  Resigned before losing their positions

C  Lost their jobs

D  Provided inaccurate information, to the detriment of the organization

A  The media construction of crime will identify what policies of crime control should be adopted

B  The media construction of crime will define what are thought to be the causes of crime

C  The media construction of crime will define what acts are regarded as criminal

D  The media construction of crime will reduce the seriousness of the crime

A  A decrease in treatment programs

B  Additional treatment and re-entry programs

C  Increase in recidivism

D  The imposition of additional behavioral controls

A  Using persuasive interviewing techniques to influence others to disclose material they would normally not disclose

B  When a journalist relies on an unsubstantiated argument without noting its weaknesses to produce a desired conclusion

C  Any intentional and successful influence of a person by noncoercively altering the actual choices available to the person or by non-persuasively altering the perceptions by others of those choices.

D  When a journalist makes an attempt in hard news to persuade using emotional rhetoric rather than fact

A  Soliciting a fee from an inmate for finding him a job

B  Accepting gratuities to protect illicit activity

C  Extortion through mistreatment or harassment

D  Theft of new televisions from the prison loading dock

A  Assist inmates in getting rehabilitated

B  Do not lug (smuggle) drugs in to inmates

C  Always support fellow officers against inmate claims/allegations

D  Do not rat (inform on other guards)

A  A humane correctional system is impossible given the dominant theory and practice of retribution

B  Prisons have cultures where guards are corrupted and prisoners are denied their humanity

C  Officer training emphasizes emotional detachment and degrading treatment

D  Guards are increasingly using more excessive force

A  Crimes against children are considered more newsworthy than crimes against the adults

B  Victims who are perpetrated against by a stranger are considered more newsworthy than a victim who knows the perpetrator

C  Homicides are considered more newsworthy when the victim is white

D  Rape is the most likely crime to be reported

A  Assassination violates U.S. values and principles because it is done in secret and is a display of the exercise of overbearing state power against individuals.

B  Assassination is an immoral act and a form of politically motivated murder outside the bounds of the conventions of war and morality.

C  Targeted killing calls into question the morality of U.S. foreign policy, which stresses human rights and democracy.

D  All of the other answers

A  It gives the executive the leverage to demand almost any resources in the furtherance of winning the war

B  It permits the employment of warlike measures concurrently with law enforcement measures

C  It enables the executive branch of government to exercise wide powers under the authority of the president as commander-in-chief

D  All of the other answers

A  United Kingdom

B  United States

C  Canada

D  Australia

A  Retributive

B  Callous

C  Sympathetic

D  Empathetic

A  A public over-reaction caused by outdated public morals

B  When a small group of legislators panic and force through unethical legislation

C  An irrational and exaggerated response by the public to a perceived problem

D  When an individual legislator or policy maker over-reacts to a problem

A  A criminal conviction

B  The prosecution process

C  The court

D  A life sentence

A  Personal

B  Rewards

C  Compliance

D  Legalistic

A  Do no harm

B  Morality

C  Reasonable standard of care

D  Moral blame

A  Whites never have been engaged in drugs as much as blacks, a fact often reported in the media

B  The War on Drugs focused on heroin, a drug often used by blacks, a fact not usually in the media

C  Whites comprise almost 3/4 of illegal drug users and blacks 13%, a fact not usually incorporated in media accounts

D  Whites comprise almost 1/3 of illegal drug users and blacks almost 2/3, a fact often reported in the media

A  Restricting rights during criminal processing of terrorist defendants

B  Accidental killing of civilian non-terrorists

C  Torture during interrogation

D  Invading foreign countries

A  Prisons who want to receive federal funding must eliminate prison rape by 85%

B  Devising and implementation of national standards to detect, prevent, reduce, and punish rape

C  Prioritization of the prevention of rape in each prison system

D  Setting a zero-tolerance standard for prison rape

A  Medium security

B  Supermax

C  Minimum security

D  Maximum security

A  Focusing attention only on victims who meet that standard of victimhood

B  Focusing only on the very young and the very old victims

C  Reporting, on the visual media, pictures of victims

D  Reporting sympathetic stories of victims who have also been charged with crimes

A  Few accused actually go to trial and unexciting plea bargains are the norm

B  The legal system is far more complex

C  Crime fighting is the complex part of the process

D  The legal system makes it easier to fight crime because prosecutors know how to talk with the media

A  Empathy

B  Violence

C  Coercion

D  Sympathy

A  Sex offenses

B  Drug crimes

C  Homicides

D  Kidnappings

A  Racial and ethnic minorities are responsible for a substantial amount of property and drug crime therefore creating policies favoring punitiveness

B  Negative racial stereotypes and collective racial resentment are negatively correlated with policies favoring punitiveness

C  Racial and ethnic minorities are responsible for a substantial amount of violent crime therefore creating policies favoring punitiveness

D  Negative racial stereotypes and collective racial resentment are positively correlated with polices favoring punitiveness

A  It is a slippery slope, which could expand its use in other circumstances

B  It is not a realistic scenario

C  It is not likely to happen as its proponents claim

D  It negates the autonomy and dignity of the individual

A  An unintended but unforeseen morally bad effect of an action can be excused if both the action and the intended effect are morally impermissible

B  The activities are only morally impermissible if they produce two effects, both of which are morally impermissible

C  The activities are morally permissible if they produce two effects, so long as one is morally permissible.

D  An unintended but unforeseen morally bad effect of an action can be excused if both the action and the intended effect are morally permissible

A  Treatment

B  Punitiveness

C  Rehabilitation

D  Community-oriented corrections

A  Drug offenders

B  Prostitutes

C  Murderers

D  Sex offenders

A  There is widespread approval of them

B  There is widespread approval of them

C  While they approve of it, they do not believe it should be applied indiscriminately to specific offenders under specific circumstances

D  The public is evenly divided on them

A  Formal control

B  Social control

C  Informal control

D  Governmental control

A  Cost-benefit grounds

B  Political grounds

C  Due process grounds

D  Ideological grounds

A  Absolutists

B  Deontologists

C  Relativists

D  Consequentialists

A  Assistance to law enforcement to make an arrest

B  Advocacy for greater levels of social control

C  A key profit maker for the media

D  A warning to the public

A  Their control function

B  Their treatment and control functions

C  Their treatment function

D  Their heavy caseloads

A  By one part of government against another part of the same government.

B  Committed by government, sometimes against its own people.

C  By the military against a civilian government.

D  Against a state in the United States.

A  Result in disproportionately severe sentences

B  Have no incapacitate effect

C  Do not reflect the will of the majority

D  Are not applied to all offenders convicted under such statutes

A  A responsible path for discussion of moral issues

B  A site for the construction of a moral order

C  A monopoly so that news is consistent

D  The primary source of news

A  Treatment programs to reduce jail and prison populations

B  Three-strikes laws

C  Work release programs to reduce jail and prison populations

D  Sentencing guidelines

A  The placement of crime stories on television late at night hoping a viewer will be able identify the offender

B  Using the media to report fictitious events so law enforcement can catch the real criminal

C  Using entertainment to reenact criminal events

D  The marketing of edited, highly formatted information about the world in entertainment media vehicles

A  Reynolds v. Florida

B  United States v. Shallet

C  Kenny v. Indiana Youth Center

D  Graham v. Florida

A  Gain respect of inmates

B  Maintain power

C  Retain their discretion

D  Treat inmates ethically

A  Refrained from enforcing certain prison rules and regulations.

B  Become members of prison gangs.

C  Begun directly disobeying orders from superiors.

D  Begun taking monetary bribes from prisoners.

A  Property

B  Vice

C  Debtors

D  Violent

A  War paradigm

B  Drone paradigm

C  Terrorism paradigm

D  Enemy paradigm

A  Prosecutorial

B  Judicial

C  Inmate

D  Celebrity

A  Accepting the unavoidable consequences of our policies

B  Not worrying about the consequences

C  Asking whether our policies will render citizens more secure in the long term

D  Asking whether there will be any consequences to our anti-terrorism policies