Exam 2 Chapters 7 – 11

A  Had a positive effect in corrections

B  Lost their jobs

C  Resigned before losing their positions

D  Provided inaccurate information, to the detriment of the organization

A  The media construction of crime will define what are thought to be the causes of crime

B  The media construction of crime will identify what policies of crime control should be adopted

C  The media construction of crime will reduce the seriousness of the crime

D  The media construction of crime will define what acts are regarded as criminal

A  Increase in recidivism

B  Additional treatment and re-entry programs

C  A decrease in treatment programs

D  The imposition of additional behavioral controls

A  When a journalist relies on an unsubstantiated argument without noting its weaknesses to produce a desired conclusion

B  Any intentional and successful influence of a person by noncoercively altering the actual choices available to the person or by non-persuasively altering the perceptions by others of those choices.

C  When a journalist makes an attempt in hard news to persuade using emotional rhetoric rather than fact

D  Using persuasive interviewing techniques to influence others to disclose material they would normally not disclose

A  Soliciting a fee from an inmate for finding him a job

B  Accepting gratuities to protect illicit activity

C  Extortion through mistreatment or harassment

D  Theft of new televisions from the prison loading dock

A  Do not lug (smuggle) drugs in to inmates

B  Assist inmates in getting rehabilitated

C  Always support fellow officers against inmate claims/allegations

D  Do not rat (inform on other guards)

A  Guards are increasingly using more excessive force

B  Prisons have cultures where guards are corrupted and prisoners are denied their humanity

C  A humane correctional system is impossible given the dominant theory and practice of retribution

D  Officer training emphasizes emotional detachment and degrading treatment

A  Rape is the most likely crime to be reported

B  Homicides are considered more newsworthy when the victim is white

C  Victims who are perpetrated against by a stranger are considered more newsworthy than a victim who knows the perpetrator

D  Crimes against children are considered more newsworthy than crimes against the adults

A  All of the other answers

B  Assassination violates U.S. values and principles because it is done in secret and is a display of the exercise of overbearing state power against individuals.

C  Assassination is an immoral act and a form of politically motivated murder outside the bounds of the conventions of war and morality.

D  Targeted killing calls into question the morality of U.S. foreign policy, which stresses human rights and democracy.

A  It gives the executive the leverage to demand almost any resources in the furtherance of winning the war

B  All of the other answers

C  It permits the employment of warlike measures concurrently with law enforcement measures

D  It enables the executive branch of government to exercise wide powers under the authority of the president as commander-in-chief

A  United States

B  Canada

C  United Kingdom

D  Australia

A  Sympathetic

B  Callous

C  Empathetic

D  Retributive

A  When a small group of legislators panic and force through unethical legislation

B  When an individual legislator or policy maker over-reacts to a problem

C  An irrational and exaggerated response by the public to a perceived problem

D  A public over-reaction caused by outdated public morals

A  A life sentence

B  A criminal conviction

C  The prosecution process

D  The court

A  Legalistic

B  Personal

C  Rewards

D  Compliance

A  Do no harm

B  Morality

C  Reasonable standard of care

D  Moral blame

A  The War on Drugs focused on heroin, a drug often used by blacks, a fact not usually in the media

B  Whites comprise almost 1/3 of illegal drug users and blacks almost 2/3, a fact often reported in the media

C  Whites comprise almost 3/4 of illegal drug users and blacks 13%, a fact not usually incorporated in media accounts

D  Whites never have been engaged in drugs as much as blacks, a fact often reported in the media

A  Torture during interrogation

B  Invading foreign countries

C  Accidental killing of civilian non-terrorists

D  Restricting rights during criminal processing of terrorist defendants

A  Devising and implementation of national standards to detect, prevent, reduce, and punish rape

B  Prioritization of the prevention of rape in each prison system

C  Setting a zero-tolerance standard for prison rape

D  Prisons who want to receive federal funding must eliminate prison rape by 85%

A  Minimum security

B  Supermax

C  Maximum security

D  Medium security

A  Focusing attention only on victims who meet that standard of victimhood

B  Focusing only on the very young and the very old victims

C  Reporting sympathetic stories of victims who have also been charged with crimes

D  Reporting, on the visual media, pictures of victims

A  Crime fighting is the complex part of the process

B  The legal system makes it easier to fight crime because prosecutors know how to talk with the media

C  Few accused actually go to trial and unexciting plea bargains are the norm

D  The legal system is far more complex

A  Sympathy

B  Empathy

C  Coercion

D  Violence

A  Kidnappings

B  Homicides

C  Drug crimes

D  Sex offenses

A  Negative racial stereotypes and collective racial resentment are positively correlated with polices favoring punitiveness

B  Negative racial stereotypes and collective racial resentment are negatively correlated with policies favoring punitiveness

C  Racial and ethnic minorities are responsible for a substantial amount of property and drug crime therefore creating policies favoring punitiveness

D  Racial and ethnic minorities are responsible for a substantial amount of violent crime therefore creating policies favoring punitiveness

A  It negates the autonomy and dignity of the individual

B  It is not likely to happen as its proponents claim

C  It is not a realistic scenario

D  It is a slippery slope, which could expand its use in other circumstances

A  The activities are morally permissible if they produce two effects, so long as one is morally permissible.

B  An unintended but unforeseen morally bad effect of an action can be excused if both the action and the intended effect are morally permissible

C  An unintended but unforeseen morally bad effect of an action can be excused if both the action and the intended effect are morally impermissible

D  The activities are only morally impermissible if they produce two effects, both of which are morally impermissible

A  Rehabilitation

B  Community-oriented corrections

C  Punitiveness

D  Treatment

A  Murderers

B  Prostitutes

C  Drug offenders

D  Sex offenders

A  There is widespread approval of them

B  While they approve of it, they do not believe it should be applied indiscriminately to specific offenders under specific circumstances

C  The public is evenly divided on them

D  There is widespread approval of them

A  Social control

B  Formal control

C  Governmental control

D  Informal control

A  Political grounds

B  Ideological grounds

C  Due process grounds

D  Cost-benefit grounds

A  Consequentialists

B  Absolutists

C  Relativists

D  Deontologists

A  A warning to the public

B  Assistance to law enforcement to make an arrest

C  A key profit maker for the media

D  Advocacy for greater levels of social control

A  Their control function

B  Their heavy caseloads

C  Their treatment and control functions

D  Their treatment function

A  Against a state in the United States.

B  By the military against a civilian government.

C  By one part of government against another part of the same government.

D  Committed by government, sometimes against its own people.

A  Are not applied to all offenders convicted under such statutes

B  Have no incapacitate effect

C  Result in disproportionately severe sentences

D  Do not reflect the will of the majority

A  A site for the construction of a moral order

B  A monopoly so that news is consistent

C  A responsible path for discussion of moral issues

D  The primary source of news

A  Treatment programs to reduce jail and prison populations

B  Work release programs to reduce jail and prison populations

C  Sentencing guidelines

D  Three-strikes laws

A  Using the media to report fictitious events so law enforcement can catch the real criminal

B  Using entertainment to reenact criminal events

C  The marketing of edited, highly formatted information about the world in entertainment media vehicles

D  The placement of crime stories on television late at night hoping a viewer will be able identify the offender

A  Kenny v. Indiana Youth Center

B  Graham v. Florida

C  United States v. Shallet

D  Reynolds v. Florida

A  Maintain power

B  Gain respect of inmates

C  Retain their discretion

D  Treat inmates ethically

A  Begun taking monetary bribes from prisoners.

B  Refrained from enforcing certain prison rules and regulations.

C  Begun directly disobeying orders from superiors.

D  Become members of prison gangs.

A  Debtors

B  Property

C  Violent

D  Vice

A  Terrorism paradigm

B  Drone paradigm

C  Enemy paradigm

D  War paradigm

A  Prosecutorial

B  Inmate

C  Celebrity

D  Judicial

A  Asking whether our policies will render citizens more secure in the long term

B  Accepting the unavoidable consequences of our policies

C  Not worrying about the consequences

D  Asking whether there will be any consequences to our anti-terrorism policies