Exam 2

A  one-female, multimale; one-male, multifemale; one-male, one-female

B  one-male, multifemale; all-male; solitary

C  one-male, multifemale; multimale, multifemale; solitary

D  all-female; multimale, one female; solitary

A  violence against competitors for female access

B  competition between males for access to reproductive-age females

C  risk-taking behavior

D  care of young

A  the development of alliances between females only

B  bonding between two members of a social group, calming or appeasing the primate being groomed if he or she has a higher dominance.

C  bonding between individuals of the same rank only and directed only toward hygiene

D  the development of males only

A  colobus monkey

B  chimpanzee

C  loris

D  gorilla

A  bipedality in humans

B  quadrupedal locomotion include the use of a tail

C  using the forelimbs to move from tree limb to tree limb

D  clinging and leaping locomotion in an arboreal environment

A  they have higher intelligence and larger brains relative to other animals

B  they take longer to develop to sexual maturity

C  the areas of the brain associated with smell and hearing are expanded in primates

D  on average they are larger bodied than nonprimates

A  two-ridge tooth

B  diastema

C  bilophodont

D  tooth/dental comb

A  present in catarrhine primates

B  present only in some platyrrhines

C  are made strictly of muscle

D  are found in all primates with tails

A  African and Asian apes

B  monkeys, apes and humans

C  tarsiers, lemurs and monkeys

D  lemurs and lorises

A  their color vision

B  their tendency toward nocturnal behavior

C  the fact that their eyes are rotated forward

D  all of the above

A  invest less in their offspring than do many other mammals

B  give birth to twins regularly

C  give birth to fewer offspring  than do many other mammals

D  give birth to more offspring than do many other mammals

A  large body build

B  opposable thumbs

C  increased reliance of sense of smell

D  short digits

A  a species of pongid, which frequently exhibits a moist fleshy pad at the end of the nose

B  a species of hylobatid from Asia

C  a species of platyrrhine primate, because their nostrils do not point downward

D  a species of strepsirhini that retain a rhinarium found only in prosimian primates

A  baboons

B  lemurs

C  gibbons

D  tamarins

A  tarsiers and anthropoids

B  strepsirhini and haplorhini

C  pongidae and hominidae

D  platyrrhine and catarrhine

A  Australia

B  South America

C  Europe

D  Africa

A  severe air pollution

B  high UV exposure

C  a lack of melanin

D  a lack of vitamin D

A  hypothermia

B  hypoxia

C  skin cancer

D  rickets

A  short limbs and large bodies

B  reduce peripheral body temperatures to maintain core temperatures

C  have lower BMR

D  consume more carbohydrates

A  long limbs in hot environments and shorter limbs in cold environments

B  smaller bodies in cold environments and larger bodies in hot environments

C  taller bodies in cold environments and shorter bodies in hot environments

D  larger lungs in hot environments and smaller lungs in cold environments

A  the association between body shape and morphology does respond to environmental stressors

B  the association between body shape, morpology and the environment is not a result of natural selection

C  the long-term association between body shape and climate is an example of acclimatization

D  body shape and morphology do not reflect both evolutionary and developmental processes

A  developmental adaptations that occur at the level of the individual during critical life stages

B  environmental adaptations that occur at the individual level

C  inheritance of increases in lung volume by high-altitude populations

D  acclimatization at the individual level

A  Wolff’s Law

B  adult stage

C  osteoporosis

D  senescence

A  drugs, alcohol and smoking

B  lack of exercise

C  a vegetarian diet of greens, fruits and dairy products

D  heavy exercise like running and swimming

A  do not exist in humans

B  help with biological profiling

C  are race specific

D  do not lead to clear-cut racial classifications

A  through the examination of variation in multiple human skull characteristics

B  through research that examined genetic diversity across different species of animals

C  research indicating that most genetic variation is found across human populations

D  research indicating that most genetic variation is found within human populations

A  support for Childe’s demic diffusion model

B  minimal interbreeding between Middle Eastern and European hunter-gatherers and farming developing from their descendants in Europe

C  agriculture was brought to Europe by Middle Eastern farmers

D  no conclusive evidence regarding how farming began in Europe

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  represented by chromosomal trisomy XXY

B  reduces fertility and increases breast development in affected individuals

C  chromosomal mutation linked to an XX genotype

D  affects only males

A  associated with an increase in production of lactase over time

B  the identified gene associated with lactase production is found on chromosome 2 and appears to be selected for vs. against

C  the condition affects billions of people today

D  associated with the inability to break down and process lactose in foods

A  founder effect

B  genetic drift

C  all of these

D  a small and relatively isolated population

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  the continued presence of malaria

B  increasing UVb radiation

C  emigration of West African peoples 

D  increasing global temperatures

A  AS

B  AAS

C  AA

D  SS

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  No gene flow, no mutation, no genetic drift

B  Inheritance of population over generations