Exam 2

A  one-male, multifemale; multimale, multifemale; solitary

B  one-male, multifemale; all-male; solitary

C  one-female, multimale; one-male, multifemale; one-male, one-female

D  all-female; multimale, one female; solitary

A  care of young

B  competition between males for access to reproductive-age females

C  risk-taking behavior

D  violence against competitors for female access

A  bonding between individuals of the same rank only and directed only toward hygiene

B  the development of males only

C  the development of alliances between females only

D  bonding between two members of a social group, calming or appeasing the primate being groomed if he or she has a higher dominance.

A  gorilla

B  chimpanzee

C  loris

D  colobus monkey

A  bipedality in humans

B  using the forelimbs to move from tree limb to tree limb

C  clinging and leaping locomotion in an arboreal environment

D  quadrupedal locomotion include the use of a tail

A  they take longer to develop to sexual maturity

B  they have higher intelligence and larger brains relative to other animals

C  on average they are larger bodied than nonprimates

D  the areas of the brain associated with smell and hearing are expanded in primates

A  tooth/dental comb

B  two-ridge tooth

C  diastema

D  bilophodont

A  present only in some platyrrhines

B  are made strictly of muscle

C  are found in all primates with tails

D  present in catarrhine primates

A  African and Asian apes

B  monkeys, apes and humans

C  tarsiers, lemurs and monkeys

D  lemurs and lorises

A  their tendency toward nocturnal behavior

B  the fact that their eyes are rotated forward

C  their color vision

D  all of the above

A  give birth to fewer offspring  than do many other mammals

B  give birth to twins regularly

C  invest less in their offspring than do many other mammals

D  give birth to more offspring than do many other mammals

A  short digits

B  large body build

C  increased reliance of sense of smell

D  opposable thumbs

A  a species of platyrrhine primate, because their nostrils do not point downward

B  a species of strepsirhini that retain a rhinarium found only in prosimian primates

C  a species of hylobatid from Asia

D  a species of pongid, which frequently exhibits a moist fleshy pad at the end of the nose

A  baboons

B  gibbons

C  lemurs

D  tamarins

A  pongidae and hominidae

B  strepsirhini and haplorhini

C  platyrrhine and catarrhine

D  tarsiers and anthropoids

A  Australia

B  Europe

C  Africa

D  South America

A  a lack of melanin

B  a lack of vitamin D

C  high UV exposure

D  severe air pollution

A  hypoxia

B  hypothermia

C  skin cancer

D  rickets

A  consume more carbohydrates

B  short limbs and large bodies

C  have lower BMR

D  reduce peripheral body temperatures to maintain core temperatures

A  taller bodies in cold environments and shorter bodies in hot environments

B  larger lungs in hot environments and smaller lungs in cold environments

C  smaller bodies in cold environments and larger bodies in hot environments

D  long limbs in hot environments and shorter limbs in cold environments

A  the association between body shape and morphology does respond to environmental stressors

B  the long-term association between body shape and climate is an example of acclimatization

C  body shape and morphology do not reflect both evolutionary and developmental processes

D  the association between body shape, morpology and the environment is not a result of natural selection

A  developmental adaptations that occur at the level of the individual during critical life stages

B  acclimatization at the individual level

C  inheritance of increases in lung volume by high-altitude populations

D  environmental adaptations that occur at the individual level

A  senescence

B  adult stage

C  osteoporosis

D  Wolff’s Law

A  a vegetarian diet of greens, fruits and dairy products

B  drugs, alcohol and smoking

C  heavy exercise like running and swimming

D  lack of exercise

A  help with biological profiling

B  do not lead to clear-cut racial classifications

C  are race specific

D  do not exist in humans

A  research indicating that most genetic variation is found within human populations

B  through the examination of variation in multiple human skull characteristics

C  through research that examined genetic diversity across different species of animals

D  research indicating that most genetic variation is found across human populations

A  minimal interbreeding between Middle Eastern and European hunter-gatherers and farming developing from their descendants in Europe

B  agriculture was brought to Europe by Middle Eastern farmers

C  support for Childe’s demic diffusion model

D  no conclusive evidence regarding how farming began in Europe

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  affects only males

B  chromosomal mutation linked to an XX genotype

C  represented by chromosomal trisomy XXY

D  reduces fertility and increases breast development in affected individuals

A  the identified gene associated with lactase production is found on chromosome 2 and appears to be selected for vs. against

B  associated with an increase in production of lactase over time

C  associated with the inability to break down and process lactose in foods

D  the condition affects billions of people today

A  genetic drift

B  all of these

C  founder effect

D  a small and relatively isolated population

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  increasing UVb radiation

B  the continued presence of malaria

C  emigration of West African peoples 

D  increasing global temperatures

A  AA

B  SS

C  AS

D  AAS

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  No gene flow, no mutation, no genetic drift

B  Inheritance of population over generations