Exam 2

A  one-male, multifemale; all-male; solitary

B  one-male, multifemale; multimale, multifemale; solitary

C  one-female, multimale; one-male, multifemale; one-male, one-female

D  all-female; multimale, one female; solitary

A  risk-taking behavior

B  care of young

C  competition between males for access to reproductive-age females

D  violence against competitors for female access

A  the development of males only

B  bonding between individuals of the same rank only and directed only toward hygiene

C  bonding between two members of a social group, calming or appeasing the primate being groomed if he or she has a higher dominance.

D  the development of alliances between females only

A  loris

B  colobus monkey

C  gorilla

D  chimpanzee

A  bipedality in humans

B  clinging and leaping locomotion in an arboreal environment

C  quadrupedal locomotion include the use of a tail

D  using the forelimbs to move from tree limb to tree limb

A  on average they are larger bodied than nonprimates

B  they take longer to develop to sexual maturity

C  they have higher intelligence and larger brains relative to other animals

D  the areas of the brain associated with smell and hearing are expanded in primates

A  diastema

B  bilophodont

C  tooth/dental comb

D  two-ridge tooth

A  are found in all primates with tails

B  are made strictly of muscle

C  present only in some platyrrhines

D  present in catarrhine primates

A  African and Asian apes

B  tarsiers, lemurs and monkeys

C  lemurs and lorises

D  monkeys, apes and humans

A  their color vision

B  their tendency toward nocturnal behavior

C  the fact that their eyes are rotated forward

D  all of the above

A  give birth to more offspring than do many other mammals

B  give birth to twins regularly

C  give birth to fewer offspring  than do many other mammals

D  invest less in their offspring than do many other mammals

A  large body build

B  opposable thumbs

C  short digits

D  increased reliance of sense of smell

A  a species of pongid, which frequently exhibits a moist fleshy pad at the end of the nose

B  a species of platyrrhine primate, because their nostrils do not point downward

C  a species of hylobatid from Asia

D  a species of strepsirhini that retain a rhinarium found only in prosimian primates

A  lemurs

B  gibbons

C  tamarins

D  baboons

A  strepsirhini and haplorhini

B  platyrrhine and catarrhine

C  tarsiers and anthropoids

D  pongidae and hominidae

A  South America

B  Australia

C  Africa

D  Europe

A  a lack of melanin

B  severe air pollution

C  high UV exposure

D  a lack of vitamin D

A  hypoxia

B  skin cancer

C  hypothermia

D  rickets

A  have lower BMR

B  short limbs and large bodies

C  reduce peripheral body temperatures to maintain core temperatures

D  consume more carbohydrates

A  smaller bodies in cold environments and larger bodies in hot environments

B  taller bodies in cold environments and shorter bodies in hot environments

C  long limbs in hot environments and shorter limbs in cold environments

D  larger lungs in hot environments and smaller lungs in cold environments

A  the association between body shape, morpology and the environment is not a result of natural selection

B  the long-term association between body shape and climate is an example of acclimatization

C  body shape and morphology do not reflect both evolutionary and developmental processes

D  the association between body shape and morphology does respond to environmental stressors

A  inheritance of increases in lung volume by high-altitude populations

B  acclimatization at the individual level

C  environmental adaptations that occur at the individual level

D  developmental adaptations that occur at the level of the individual during critical life stages

A  osteoporosis

B  adult stage

C  senescence

D  Wolff’s Law

A  a vegetarian diet of greens, fruits and dairy products

B  heavy exercise like running and swimming

C  lack of exercise

D  drugs, alcohol and smoking

A  are race specific

B  do not lead to clear-cut racial classifications

C  do not exist in humans

D  help with biological profiling

A  through research that examined genetic diversity across different species of animals

B  research indicating that most genetic variation is found across human populations

C  through the examination of variation in multiple human skull characteristics

D  research indicating that most genetic variation is found within human populations

A  minimal interbreeding between Middle Eastern and European hunter-gatherers and farming developing from their descendants in Europe

B  support for Childe’s demic diffusion model

C  agriculture was brought to Europe by Middle Eastern farmers

D  no conclusive evidence regarding how farming began in Europe

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  affects only males

B  chromosomal mutation linked to an XX genotype

C  reduces fertility and increases breast development in affected individuals

D  represented by chromosomal trisomy XXY

A  the condition affects billions of people today

B  the identified gene associated with lactase production is found on chromosome 2 and appears to be selected for vs. against

C  associated with the inability to break down and process lactose in foods

D  associated with an increase in production of lactase over time

A  founder effect

B  all of these

C  a small and relatively isolated population

D  genetic drift

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  increasing UVb radiation

B  emigration of West African peoples 

C  the continued presence of malaria

D  increasing global temperatures

A  SS

B  AA

C  AS

D  AAS

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  No gene flow, no mutation, no genetic drift

B  Inheritance of population over generations