Exam 2

A  one-male, multifemale; multimale, multifemale; solitary

B  all-female; multimale, one female; solitary

C  one-male, multifemale; all-male; solitary

D  one-female, multimale; one-male, multifemale; one-male, one-female

A  competition between males for access to reproductive-age females

B  violence against competitors for female access

C  care of young

D  risk-taking behavior

A  bonding between individuals of the same rank only and directed only toward hygiene

B  the development of males only

C  the development of alliances between females only

D  bonding between two members of a social group, calming or appeasing the primate being groomed if he or she has a higher dominance.

A  gorilla

B  chimpanzee

C  loris

D  colobus monkey

A  quadrupedal locomotion include the use of a tail

B  bipedality in humans

C  using the forelimbs to move from tree limb to tree limb

D  clinging and leaping locomotion in an arboreal environment

A  they have higher intelligence and larger brains relative to other animals

B  on average they are larger bodied than nonprimates

C  the areas of the brain associated with smell and hearing are expanded in primates

D  they take longer to develop to sexual maturity

A  tooth/dental comb

B  diastema

C  bilophodont

D  two-ridge tooth

A  present only in some platyrrhines

B  are found in all primates with tails

C  are made strictly of muscle

D  present in catarrhine primates

A  tarsiers, lemurs and monkeys

B  African and Asian apes

C  monkeys, apes and humans

D  lemurs and lorises

A  their tendency toward nocturnal behavior

B  the fact that their eyes are rotated forward

C  their color vision

D  all of the above

A  give birth to more offspring than do many other mammals

B  give birth to twins regularly

C  invest less in their offspring than do many other mammals

D  give birth to fewer offspring  than do many other mammals

A  large body build

B  increased reliance of sense of smell

C  short digits

D  opposable thumbs

A  a species of pongid, which frequently exhibits a moist fleshy pad at the end of the nose

B  a species of platyrrhine primate, because their nostrils do not point downward

C  a species of strepsirhini that retain a rhinarium found only in prosimian primates

D  a species of hylobatid from Asia

A  gibbons

B  baboons

C  lemurs

D  tamarins

A  pongidae and hominidae

B  platyrrhine and catarrhine

C  strepsirhini and haplorhini

D  tarsiers and anthropoids

A  Australia

B  Europe

C  Africa

D  South America

A  a lack of melanin

B  severe air pollution

C  a lack of vitamin D

D  high UV exposure

A  hypoxia

B  hypothermia

C  skin cancer

D  rickets

A  have lower BMR

B  consume more carbohydrates

C  reduce peripheral body temperatures to maintain core temperatures

D  short limbs and large bodies

A  long limbs in hot environments and shorter limbs in cold environments

B  smaller bodies in cold environments and larger bodies in hot environments

C  larger lungs in hot environments and smaller lungs in cold environments

D  taller bodies in cold environments and shorter bodies in hot environments

A  the association between body shape, morpology and the environment is not a result of natural selection

B  the association between body shape and morphology does respond to environmental stressors

C  body shape and morphology do not reflect both evolutionary and developmental processes

D  the long-term association between body shape and climate is an example of acclimatization

A  developmental adaptations that occur at the level of the individual during critical life stages

B  acclimatization at the individual level

C  environmental adaptations that occur at the individual level

D  inheritance of increases in lung volume by high-altitude populations

A  adult stage

B  senescence

C  Wolff’s Law

D  osteoporosis

A  a vegetarian diet of greens, fruits and dairy products

B  lack of exercise

C  drugs, alcohol and smoking

D  heavy exercise like running and swimming

A  do not exist in humans

B  help with biological profiling

C  are race specific

D  do not lead to clear-cut racial classifications

A  through the examination of variation in multiple human skull characteristics

B  research indicating that most genetic variation is found within human populations

C  through research that examined genetic diversity across different species of animals

D  research indicating that most genetic variation is found across human populations

A  no conclusive evidence regarding how farming began in Europe

B  minimal interbreeding between Middle Eastern and European hunter-gatherers and farming developing from their descendants in Europe

C  agriculture was brought to Europe by Middle Eastern farmers

D  support for Childe’s demic diffusion model

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  represented by chromosomal trisomy XXY

B  affects only males

C  chromosomal mutation linked to an XX genotype

D  reduces fertility and increases breast development in affected individuals

A  the condition affects billions of people today

B  associated with the inability to break down and process lactose in foods

C  the identified gene associated with lactase production is found on chromosome 2 and appears to be selected for vs. against

D  associated with an increase in production of lactase over time

A  a small and relatively isolated population

B  genetic drift

C  founder effect

D  all of these

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  emigration of West African peoples 

B  increasing UVb radiation

C  increasing global temperatures

D  the continued presence of malaria

A  AAS

B  AA

C  SS

D  AS

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  No gene flow, no mutation, no genetic drift

B  Inheritance of population over generations