Exam 2

A  one-female, multimale; one-male, multifemale; one-male, one-female

B  one-male, multifemale; all-male; solitary

C  one-male, multifemale; multimale, multifemale; solitary

D  all-female; multimale, one female; solitary

A  competition between males for access to reproductive-age females

B  violence against competitors for female access

C  risk-taking behavior

D  care of young

A  bonding between two members of a social group, calming or appeasing the primate being groomed if he or she has a higher dominance.

B  the development of males only

C  the development of alliances between females only

D  bonding between individuals of the same rank only and directed only toward hygiene

A  chimpanzee

B  colobus monkey

C  gorilla

D  loris

A  bipedality in humans

B  quadrupedal locomotion include the use of a tail

C  clinging and leaping locomotion in an arboreal environment

D  using the forelimbs to move from tree limb to tree limb

A  they take longer to develop to sexual maturity

B  the areas of the brain associated with smell and hearing are expanded in primates

C  on average they are larger bodied than nonprimates

D  they have higher intelligence and larger brains relative to other animals

A  bilophodont

B  diastema

C  two-ridge tooth

D  tooth/dental comb

A  are made strictly of muscle

B  present only in some platyrrhines

C  are found in all primates with tails

D  present in catarrhine primates

A  lemurs and lorises

B  tarsiers, lemurs and monkeys

C  African and Asian apes

D  monkeys, apes and humans

A  the fact that their eyes are rotated forward

B  their tendency toward nocturnal behavior

C  their color vision

D  all of the above

A  give birth to fewer offspring  than do many other mammals

B  give birth to more offspring than do many other mammals

C  give birth to twins regularly

D  invest less in their offspring than do many other mammals

A  opposable thumbs

B  short digits

C  large body build

D  increased reliance of sense of smell

A  a species of strepsirhini that retain a rhinarium found only in prosimian primates

B  a species of pongid, which frequently exhibits a moist fleshy pad at the end of the nose

C  a species of hylobatid from Asia

D  a species of platyrrhine primate, because their nostrils do not point downward

A  baboons

B  tamarins

C  lemurs

D  gibbons

A  platyrrhine and catarrhine

B  tarsiers and anthropoids

C  pongidae and hominidae

D  strepsirhini and haplorhini

A  Australia

B  South America

C  Europe

D  Africa

A  a lack of melanin

B  severe air pollution

C  high UV exposure

D  a lack of vitamin D

A  hypothermia

B  rickets

C  hypoxia

D  skin cancer

A  have lower BMR

B  reduce peripheral body temperatures to maintain core temperatures

C  consume more carbohydrates

D  short limbs and large bodies

A  taller bodies in cold environments and shorter bodies in hot environments

B  smaller bodies in cold environments and larger bodies in hot environments

C  long limbs in hot environments and shorter limbs in cold environments

D  larger lungs in hot environments and smaller lungs in cold environments

A  the association between body shape, morpology and the environment is not a result of natural selection

B  the long-term association between body shape and climate is an example of acclimatization

C  the association between body shape and morphology does respond to environmental stressors

D  body shape and morphology do not reflect both evolutionary and developmental processes

A  inheritance of increases in lung volume by high-altitude populations

B  developmental adaptations that occur at the level of the individual during critical life stages

C  acclimatization at the individual level

D  environmental adaptations that occur at the individual level

A  senescence

B  Wolff’s Law

C  adult stage

D  osteoporosis

A  drugs, alcohol and smoking

B  heavy exercise like running and swimming

C  lack of exercise

D  a vegetarian diet of greens, fruits and dairy products

A  do not lead to clear-cut racial classifications

B  do not exist in humans

C  help with biological profiling

D  are race specific

A  research indicating that most genetic variation is found within human populations

B  through the examination of variation in multiple human skull characteristics

C  research indicating that most genetic variation is found across human populations

D  through research that examined genetic diversity across different species of animals

A  support for Childe’s demic diffusion model

B  minimal interbreeding between Middle Eastern and European hunter-gatherers and farming developing from their descendants in Europe

C  agriculture was brought to Europe by Middle Eastern farmers

D  no conclusive evidence regarding how farming began in Europe

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  affects only males

B  represented by chromosomal trisomy XXY

C  chromosomal mutation linked to an XX genotype

D  reduces fertility and increases breast development in affected individuals

A  associated with the inability to break down and process lactose in foods

B  the identified gene associated with lactase production is found on chromosome 2 and appears to be selected for vs. against

C  the condition affects billions of people today

D  associated with an increase in production of lactase over time

A  genetic drift

B  a small and relatively isolated population

C  all of these

D  founder effect

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  the continued presence of malaria

B  emigration of West African peoples 

C  increasing global temperatures

D  increasing UVb radiation

A  SS

B  AAS

C  AS

D  AA

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Inheritance of population over generations

B  No gene flow, no mutation, no genetic drift