Quiz 3

A  Mutations that occur in the protein-coding region of the genome and result in a change in the amino acid sequence of the protein produced

B  A measure of how many genes within a diploid genome are made up of more than the same variant for a gene.

C  These are changes that also occur in the protein-coding region of the genome but don’t result in a change in amino acid sequence of the protein being produced.

D  A set of genetic variants located on a single stretch of the genome.

A  The outside, or rough outer covering, of a rock. Usually the cortex is removed during the process of stone tool creation.

B  The stone tool industry of Neanderthals and their contemporaries in Africa and Western Asia.

C  A distinctive technique of stone tool manufacturing used by archaic Homo sapiens, including Neanderthals.

D  The series of steps a food takes from location where it is produced to the store where it is sold to consumers.

A  A colundular sample of soil and sediments that can be analyzed to study plant and animal presence in a location, or more broadly to determine a regional environment.

B  A measure of how many genes within a diploid genome are made up of more than the same variant for a gene.

C  This is the movement of genes from one species to the gene pool of another species through hybridization between the species and backcross into the parental population by hybrid offspring.

D  A form of dwarfism that occurs when a limited geographic region, such as an island, causes a largebodied animal to be selected for a smaller body size.

A  The stone tool industry of Neanderthals and their contemporaries in Africa and Western Asia.

B  The outside, or rough outer covering, of a rock. Usually the cortex is removed during the process of stone tool creation.

C  A natural clay pigment mixed with ferric oxide and clay and sand. Ranges in color from brown to red to orange.

D  A distinctive technique of stone tool manufacturing used by archaic Homo sapiens, including Neanderthals.

A  Mutations that occur in the protein-coding region of the genome and result in a change in the amino acid sequence of the protein produced.

B  DNA that originates from sources outside of the specimen you are trying to sequence.

C  Mutations that occur in the protein-coding region of the genome and result in a change in the amino acid sequence of the protein produced.

D  This is the process of exchange of DNA between two strands to produce new sequence arrangements.

A  DNA that originates from sources outside of the specimen you are trying to sequence.

B  A form of ancient DNA in which DNA originates from the specimen being examined.

C  Mutations that occur in the protein-coding region of the genome and result in a change in the amino acid sequence of the protein produced.

D  This is the process of exchange of DNA between two strands to produce new sequence arrangements.

A  The earliest described archaeological period, whereby we start seeing stone tool technology.

B  A single specimen from which a species or taxon is described or named.

C  The concept that evolutionary change does not occur homogeneously throughout the body in organisms.

D  A period of milder climate in between two glacials.

A  The concept that evolutionary change does not occur homogeneously throughout the body in organisms.

B  A taxon or group of taxa descended from a common ancestor which is not shared with another taxon or group.

C  The study of the evolutionary relationships between groups of organisms

D  An environment from a period in the Earth’s geological past.

A  The study of the form or size and shape of things (in this case, skeletal parts).

B  An organism with extremely large dentition compared with body size.

C  The study of phylogeny.

D  A taxon or group of taxa descended from a common ancestor which is not shared with another taxon or group.

A  A primate which includes humans and our fossil relatives and, in more recent definitions, other Great Apes.

B  A primate which includes humans and our fossil relatives since our divergence from extant Great Apes.

C  An organism with extremely large dentition compared with body size.

D  The hypothetical final ancestor (or ancestral population) of two or more taxa before their divergence.

A  A technique to describe the number of incisors, canines, premolars and molars in each quadrant of the mouth.

B  The highly mineralized outer layer of the tooth.

C  The “bumps” on the teeth.

D  A Gap between the incisors and canines.

A  Differences in the traits that occur in populations across a geographical area.

B  A group of species or taxa with a shared common ancestor.

C  A newly evolved trait, or differing from that seen in the ancestor.

D  The field of grouping organisms into those of shared ancestry.

A  The rapid change in global climate, especially a cooling of the Northern Hemisphere, 13,000 years ago.

B  The increase of population density as people settled together in cities.

C  Theory that modern Homo sapiens expanded from Africa to cover the rest of the world without interacting with archaic humans.

D  Time of rapid change to human cultures due to the invention of agriculture, starting around 12,000 years ago.

A  The time 23,000 years ago when the most recent ice age was the most intense.

B  Time of rapid change to human cultures due to the invention of agriculture, starting around 12,000 years ago.

C  Time period known for Mousterian lithics that connects African archaic to modern Homo sapiens

D  Time period following the Middle Stone Age with a diversification in tool types, starting around 50,000 years ago.

A  Theory that the first Paleoindians crossed to the Americas by following the southern coast of Beringia.

B  Current theory of modern human origins stating that the species evolved first in Africa and interbred with archaic humans of Europe and Asia.

C  Theory that modern Homo sapiens evolved simultaneously in Africa, Asia, and Europe from archaic populations.

D  Theory that modern H. sapiens expanded from East Africa by crossing the Red Sea and following the coast east across Asia.

A  The eastern coast of the Mediterranean.

B  Time of rapid change to human cultures due to the invention of agriculture, starting around 12,000 years ago.

C  Time period following the Middle Stone Age with a diversification in tool types, starting around 50,000 years ago.

D  Composed from a mix or composite of traits.

A  Human organization without strict ranks. Foraging societies tend to be more egalitarian than those based on other subsistence strategies.

B  A concept developed by society that is maintained over time through social interactions that make the idea seem “real.”

C  People in a society who claim a distinct identity for themselves based on shared cultural characteristics and ancestry.

D  Differences in the traits that occur in populations across a geographical area.

A  An explanation for the origin or history of the world.

B  Theory that people were genetically isolated in Beringia before expanding to the Americas.

C  Current theory of modern human origins stating that the species evolved first in Africa and interbred with archaic humans of Europe and Asia.

D  The idea that modern Homo sapiens evolved as a complex web of small regional populations with sporadic gene flow among them

A  Having a rounded appearance. Increased globularity of the braincase is a trait of modern Homo sapiens.

B  A handheld spear thrower that increased the force of thrown projectiles.

C  Having a smooth and slender quality; the opposite of robust.

D  A small group of people living together as foragers.

A  The developmental milestone reached by typical humans during prepubescence.

B  Damage to tooth enamel due to the waste products of built-up bacteria. Known in the general public as cavities.

C  Having a rounded appearance. Increased globularity of the braincase is a trait of modern Homo sapiens.

D  A dental formal only found in the Greater Apes.

A  Microscopic ridges on the surface of tooth enamel that serve as markers of tooth development.

B  Condition where the lower face and jaw protrude forward from a vertical plane

C  Different characteristics evolve at different rates and appear at different stages

D  A thickened area along the top of the skull.

A  Tool industry characterized by teardrop-shaped stone handaxes flaked on both sides.

B  A ridge on the occipital bone in the back of the skull.

C  A thickened area along the top of the skull.

D  Microscopic ridges on the surface of tooth enamel that serve as markers of tooth development.

A  A thickened area along the top of the skull.

B  Microscopic ridges on the surface of tooth enamel that serve as markers of tooth development.

C  Condition where the lower face and jaw protrude forward from a vertical plane.

D  A ridge on the occipital bone in the back of the skull.

A  An object or being that has human characteristics.

B  Geological epoch dating from 2.6 million years ago to about 11,000 years ago.

C  Different characteristics evolve at different rates and appear at different stages.

D  Religious systems that recognize several gods.

A  Tool industry characterized by teardrop-shaped stone handaxes flaked on both sides.

B  A thickened area along the top of the skull.

C  An object or being that has human characteristics.

D  Earliest stone-tool industry consisting of simple flakes and choppers.