Quiz 1

A  Chromosomal alterations that occur when DNA is swapped between homologous chromosomes while they are paired up during meiosis I.

B  Human-directed assortative mating among domestic animals, such as pets and livestock, designed to increase the chances of offspring having certain desirable traits.

C  A type of genetic drift that occurs when members of a population leave the main or “parent” group and form a new population that no longer interbreeds with the other members of the original group.

D  An evolutionary process that occurs when certain phenotypes confer an advantage or disadvantage in survival and/or reproductive success. This is one of the forces of evolution.

A  A pattern that occurs when individuals tend to select mates with qualities different from their own.

B  A scenario in which mate choice within a population follows a non-random pattern (a.k.a., Assortative Mating).

C  An early model for inheritance that combines the Lamarckian idea of inheriting acquired characteristics with the idea that particles from different parts of the body make their way to the sex cells.

D  The integration of Darwin’s, Mendel’s, and subsequent research into a unified theory of evolution.

A  A mutation that changes the genetic code so that the correct area to be modified for mRNA splicing is not recognized by the appropriate enzymes.

B  A single-letter (single-nucleotide) change in the genetic code, resulting in the substitution of one nucleic acid base for a different one.

C  The process by which a single population divides into two or more separate species.

D  Transposons that are transcribed from DNA into RNA, and then are “reverse transcribed,” to insert the copied sequence into a new location in the DNA.

A  The set of alleles that an individual has for a given gene.

B  An early model for inheritance that predicted that offspring inherit characteristics acquired during their parents’ lifetimes.

C  Changes that result in the emergence of new species, the similarities and differences between species, and their phylogenetic relationships with other taxa.

D  A term often used to describe gene flow between non-human populations.

A  A set of constraints and resources that are available in an environmental setting.

B  The ratios or percentages of the different homozygous and heterozygous genotypes in the population.

C  A pattern of natural selection in which one phenotype is favored over the other, causing the frequencies of the associated advantageous alleles to gradually increase.

D  The movement of alleles from one population to another. This is one of the forces of evolution.

A  The ratio, or percentage, of one allele compared to the other alleles for that gene within the study population.

B  A phenotype produced by a gene on an autosomal chromosome that is expressed, to the exclusion of the recessive phenotype, in heterozygotes.

C  The transfer of DNA between non-homologous chromosomes.

D  A pattern of natural selection in which one phenotype is favored over the other, causing the frequencies of the associated advantageous alleles to gradually increase

A  Chain of amino acids that fold into a three dimensional structure that allow a cell to function in a variety of ways.

B  Diploid cells that comprise body tissues and undergo mitosis for maintenance and repair of tissues.

C  A phenotype that is controlled by two or more genes.

D  Refers to an allele whose effect is not normally seen unless two copies are present in an individual’s genotype.

A  The process that gametes undergo to divide. The end of meiosis results in four haploid daughter cells.

B  The process that somatic cells undergo to divide. The end of mitosis results in two diploid daughter cells.

C  Circular DNA segment found in mitochondria that is inherited maternally.

D  A classification given to phenotypic traits that are controlled by a single gene.

A  A nucleotide sequence variation from the template DNA strand that can occur during replication.

B  A phenotype that is controlled by two or more genes.

C  DNA template strand in which replication proceeds continuously.

D  Heterozygous genotype that produces a phenotype that is a blend of both alleles.

A  Genotype that DNA wraps around to assist with DNA organization within the nucleus.

B  Genotype that consists of two different alleles.

C  Genotype that consists of two identical alleles.

D  The process that gametes undergo to divide. The end of meiosis results in four haploid daughter cells.

A  A sequence that comprises three DNA nucleotides that together code for a protein.

B  The “jelly-like” matrix inside of the cell that contains many organelles and other cellular molecules.

C  DNA molecule that is wrapped around protein complexes, including histones.

D  Refers to an allele for which one copy is sufficient to be visible in the phenotype.

A  DNA molecule that is wrapped around protein complexes, including histones.

B  Organic molecules that are the building blocks of protein.

C  Molecules composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms that can be broken down to supply energy.

D  Refers to a pattern of inheritance where an allele is located on an autosome.

A  The active engagement by which species transform their surroundings in favorable ways, rather than passively inhabiting them.

B  Correspondence of parts between species due to the mutual inheritance of a primordial form from a common ancestor.

C  A postulated evolutionary process in which selection acts on an entire species population, rather than individuals.

D  The idea that species are stable through time and are formed very rapidly relative to their duration

A  Observable manifestation of a genetic constitution, expressed in a particular set of circumstances.

B  The idea that the parts of a system interconnect and interact to make up the whole.

C  Genetic constitution of an individual organism.

D  An alteration to the base sequence of DNA.

A  Genetic constitution of an individual organism.

B  Random, short-term perturbations to the gene pool, with nonadaptive effects.

C  The reduced genetic diversity that results when a population is descended from a small number of ancestors.

D  The idea that different peoples have different origins.

A  Random, short-term perturbations to the gene pool, with nonadaptive effects.

B  An additional beneficial use for a biological feature.

C  The idea that all people share a common single origin.

A  An alteration to the base sequence of DNA.

B  A stretch of DNA with an identifiable function.

C  The reduced genetic diversity that results when a population is descended from a small number of ancestors.

D  Hypothetical summation of the entire genetic composition of population or species

A  Genetic constitution of an individual organism.

B  The study of the origin of form; a contraction of “evolutionary developmental biology.”

C  The study of how genetically identical cells and organisms can nevertheless differ in stably inherited ways.

D  An idea that was popular in the 1920s that society should be improved by breeding better kinds of people.

A  A zygote that has not been fully fertilized.

B  The genes only received from the paternal side.

C  A unicellular organism.

D  A genetic variant.

A  The idea that as humans, our brains can recover a significant amount when damaged.

B  Species that are regarded as human, directly ancestral to humans, or very closely related to humans.

C  All of the current living primates, including humans

D  An extinct human species that has no origin.

A  An approach developed in British anthropology that emphasized the ways that the parts of a society work together to support the functioning of the whole

B  A research method that involves living with, observing, and participating in the same activities as the people one studies.

C  Taking a broad view of the historical, environmental, and cultural foundations of behavior.

D  The scattering of a group of people who have left their original homeland and now live in various locations.

A  The concept that the parts of a culture do the equal the sum of the culture.

B  The concept that parts of an idea to not fully support the whole picture.

C  The idea that the parts of a system interconnect and interact to make up the whole.

D  The idea that culture has limits.

A  Evidence that is verifiable by observation or experience instead of relying primarily on logic or theory.

B  Function gives rise to form which in turn gives rise to purpose.

C  The hypothesis that function of humans continuously evolves.

D  The function of every member of society is different.

A  The opinion that one’s own way of life is natural or correct and the only true way of being fully human.

B  No answer text provided.

C  No answer text provided.

D  No answer text provided.