Exam 2

A  Selam was an elderly fossil, which showed us how early Australopithecines started aging

B  Selam’s fossil contained her entire skull and spinal cord

C  She was an infant, and infant fossils are less common in the fossil record

D  An endocast allowed us to learn about the maturation rate of Australopithecus afarensis

A  Her brain size was roughly 440 cubic centimeters

B  Her legs were longer than her arms, but her arms were still long enough to brachiate

C  She was not capable of bipedalism

D  She had large, thick molars and sexually dimorphic canines

A  Flared zygomatics, Sagittal keel and Huge molars

B  Sagittal keel and delicate mandible

C  Flared zygomatics, Sagittal crest and Huge molars

D  Flared zygomatics, Sagittal keel and delicate mandible

A  Sagittal crest, Flared zygomatics and Huge molars

B  Sagittal crest, Sagittal keel and Nuchal torus

C  Sagittal keel and Nuchal torus

D  Sagittal crest, Flared zygomatics and Nuchal torus

A  Political strategies by male chimpanzees

B  Grieving and mourning among mother chimpanzees

C  Collective problem solving strategies among apes

D  Ability to learn English words and communicate them verbally

A  canines, incisors, premolars

B  incisors, premolars, canines, molars

C  Incisors, canines, premolars, molars

D  canine, incisors, premolars, molars

A  Whether the climate is conducive to mating

B  Whether the primates are nocturnal

C  If the male’s participation in child rearing increases the likelihood the child will survive.

D  Whether a male can protect all the females and children in the group single handedly

A  Exothermic

B  Endothermic

C  Produce milk for their young

D  Have live young

A  dental attrition

B  dental arcade

C  dental formula

D  dental enamel

A  to show that the benefits of motherhood do not outweigh the costs.

B  Suggest that motherhood is learned

C  imply that there is a biological component to the behavior of motherhood.

D  show that rhesus monkeys do not get attached to their infants like other mammals.

A  bows and arrows

B  Atylatl

C  wooden spears

D  Fossil bones

A  Turkana boy

B  Bodo cranium

C  Herto cranium

D  Kabwe cranium

A  Advanced use of hunting and trapping materials that showed Neanderthals exploited small game resources as well as oceanic resources

B  Burials where Neanderthal bodies were placed in the fetal position and covered in flowers, reflecting a potential for spirituality

C  Leather working instruments that showed Neanderthals were manipulating animals pelts in order to making clothing and shoes

D  A Levallois tool making technique that allowed Neanderthals to control the size and shape of their stone tools

A  Neanderthals had short and stocky bodies that allowed them to retain heat in an arctic environment

B  Neanderthals had bodies that were lighter and leaner than Homo sapiens, which allowed them to retain more heat in an arctic environment

C  Neanderthals had bodies of equal size to Homo sapiens, which allowed them to effectively compete for resources in a mild climate

D  Neanderthals had short and stocky bodies that allowed them to reduce heat in a sub-tropical environment

A  Double arched brow

B  Swept back cheeks

C  Relatively small brain size compared to Homo sapiens

D  Projected mid face

A  Procunsul

B  Adapoids

C  Omomyoids

D  Plesiadapiforms

A  Magdelanian

B  Mousterian

C  acheulean

D  Oldowan

A  The Dmanisi were found to be advanced hunters, which negated the theory that Homo erectus migrated because they were following animals they scavenged from.

B  The Dmanisi were very small in stature and lacked the features we originally believed Homo erectus needed in order to travel long distances outside of Africa.

C  The Dmanisi were still using Oldowan tools, but anthropologists believed Homo erectus needed to use more advanced tools in order to meet their energy budget.

D  The Dmanisi were found in Georgia outside of Africa and date back to 1.8 mya, which pushes the date of migration by Homo erectus back nearly 1 million years.

A  950 cc average brain size

B  Sagittal keel

C  Thinner browridge that ancestors

D  Long, low braincase

A  Homo sapiens

B  Australopithecus afarensis

C  Sahelenthropus tchadensis

D  Homo erectus

A  Barrel shaped rib cage

B  Longer legs

C  Stabilized foot arch

D  Longer toes