Exam 2

A  Selam’s fossil contained her entire skull and spinal cord

B  Selam was an elderly fossil, which showed us how early Australopithecines started aging

C  She was an infant, and infant fossils are less common in the fossil record

D  An endocast allowed us to learn about the maturation rate of Australopithecus afarensis

A  Her legs were longer than her arms, but her arms were still long enough to brachiate

B  Her brain size was roughly 440 cubic centimeters

C  She had large, thick molars and sexually dimorphic canines

D  She was not capable of bipedalism

A  Sagittal keel and delicate mandible

B  Flared zygomatics, Sagittal crest and Huge molars

C  Flared zygomatics, Sagittal keel and Huge molars

D  Flared zygomatics, Sagittal keel and delicate mandible

A  Sagittal keel and Nuchal torus

B  Sagittal crest, Sagittal keel and Nuchal torus

C  Sagittal crest, Flared zygomatics and Nuchal torus

D  Sagittal crest, Flared zygomatics and Huge molars

A  Ability to learn English words and communicate them verbally

B  Political strategies by male chimpanzees

C  Collective problem solving strategies among apes

D  Grieving and mourning among mother chimpanzees

A  Incisors, canines, premolars, molars

B  canines, incisors, premolars

C  incisors, premolars, canines, molars

D  canine, incisors, premolars, molars

A  Whether the primates are nocturnal

B  Whether a male can protect all the females and children in the group single handedly

C  Whether the climate is conducive to mating

D  If the male’s participation in child rearing increases the likelihood the child will survive.

A  Exothermic

B  Have live young

C  Endothermic

D  Produce milk for their young

A  dental attrition

B  dental enamel

C  dental arcade

D  dental formula

A  show that rhesus monkeys do not get attached to their infants like other mammals.

B  imply that there is a biological component to the behavior of motherhood.

C  Suggest that motherhood is learned

D  to show that the benefits of motherhood do not outweigh the costs.

A  Fossil bones

B  Atylatl

C  bows and arrows

D  wooden spears

A  Kabwe cranium

B  Turkana boy

C  Bodo cranium

D  Herto cranium

A  A Levallois tool making technique that allowed Neanderthals to control the size and shape of their stone tools

B  Leather working instruments that showed Neanderthals were manipulating animals pelts in order to making clothing and shoes

C  Advanced use of hunting and trapping materials that showed Neanderthals exploited small game resources as well as oceanic resources

D  Burials where Neanderthal bodies were placed in the fetal position and covered in flowers, reflecting a potential for spirituality

A  Neanderthals had bodies that were lighter and leaner than Homo sapiens, which allowed them to retain more heat in an arctic environment

B  Neanderthals had short and stocky bodies that allowed them to reduce heat in a sub-tropical environment

C  Neanderthals had short and stocky bodies that allowed them to retain heat in an arctic environment

D  Neanderthals had bodies of equal size to Homo sapiens, which allowed them to effectively compete for resources in a mild climate

A  Relatively small brain size compared to Homo sapiens

B  Double arched brow

C  Swept back cheeks

D  Projected mid face

A  Omomyoids

B  Procunsul

C  Adapoids

D  Plesiadapiforms

A  Oldowan

B  Mousterian

C  Magdelanian

D  acheulean

A  The Dmanisi were found in Georgia outside of Africa and date back to 1.8 mya, which pushes the date of migration by Homo erectus back nearly 1 million years.

B  The Dmanisi were still using Oldowan tools, but anthropologists believed Homo erectus needed to use more advanced tools in order to meet their energy budget.

C  The Dmanisi were found to be advanced hunters, which negated the theory that Homo erectus migrated because they were following animals they scavenged from.

D  The Dmanisi were very small in stature and lacked the features we originally believed Homo erectus needed in order to travel long distances outside of Africa.

A  Long, low braincase

B  950 cc average brain size

C  Sagittal keel

D  Thinner browridge that ancestors

A  Homo erectus

B  Homo sapiens

C  Sahelenthropus tchadensis

D  Australopithecus afarensis

A  Longer legs

B  Barrel shaped rib cage

C  Stabilized foot arch

D  Longer toes