Exam 2

A  Schemas regarding dynamic systems which vary on degree of completeness and correctness

B  Knowledge structure regarding concepts and sequence of activities

C  Associations of semantic memories

D  Analogous to the visuospatial sketchpad representing spatial information

E  Use of modeling clay to construct an anatomical model

A  Utilizing knowledge-in-the-world

B  Writing the memory down so that it becomes Knowledge in the World

C  Lifting heavy memories to build up strength

D  Recalling a memory in quick succession

E  Waiting until a memory is almost forgotten, then recalling it

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Alpha-numeric bias

B  Superiority of letters over numbers

C  Pulsing of Long-term memories

D  Disassociations

E  Cognitive dissonance

A  Easy to put into words (e.g., the route you took to work)

B  Very hard to explain using words (e.g., how to tie a shoe)

C  Develops from a singular event, usually visual in nature

D  Is a subtype of declarative memory

E  Relies on intuition instead of practice

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Repetition during similar contexts and immediate rewards

B  Delayed rewards and repetition during new contexts

C  Delayed rewards and selective attention

D  Repetition during new contexts and immediate rewards

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Pass-phrases are harder to remember due to associations, and easier to crack due to higher character counts

B  Pass-phrases are easier to remember due to associations, and harder to crack due to higher character counts

C  Pass-phrases are easier to remember due to disassociations, and harder to crack due to dictionary attack methods

D  Pass-phrases are harder to remember due to disassociations, and harder to crack due to dictionary attack methods

A  Use mass practice

B  Re-read each chapter

C  Defer to knowledge in the universe

D  Ask a friend for answers

E  Utilize spaced practice

A  Visuospatial sketchpad

B  Phonological loop

C  Long-term memory

D  Short-term memory

E  Negative transfer

A  Strength, Associations, and Endurance

B  Semantic, Episodic, and Procedural

C  Bandwidth, Familiarity, and Knowledge in the World

D  Spaced Practice, Mass practice, and Intuition

E  STM, LTM, and ATM

A  Sensation, Perception, Central Processing

B  X, Y, and Z axis

C  STM, LTM, and working memory

D  Bandwidth, Familiarity, and Knowledge in the World

E  Larry, Curly, and Moe

A  Use of red coloring added to the soap solution

B  More availability of safety gloves

C  Improved contrast ratio of warning label text

D  Locks added to cabinets near the sink

E  Use of a universal container connector

A  Objects can be hidden in plane site due to selective attention

B  Inattentioal blindness is more prevalent with visually impaired users

C  Change blindness occurs only when we are tired

D  Gorillas can move very fast

E  Cognitive bandwidth is limitless

A  Heads-up displays are only offered in fighter jets

B  Heads-up displays cannot be used while wearing polarized sunglasses

C  When a driver’s eyes are on the road, it doesn’t mean their mind is also on the road

D  The heads-up display requires looking down towards the instrument cluster

E  Touch screen displays have superseded the need for heads-up displays

A  Id and Ego

B  Salience and Effort

C  Visuospatial sketchpad and Phonological loop

D  Expectancy and Value

E  Short-term memory and Long-term memory

A  366GRK

B  36 6GRK

C  3G 66RK

D  3G66RK

E  366 GRK

A  7 days

B  70 seconds

C  70 minutes

D  7 seconds

E  7 hours

A  7 +/- 2 chunks

B  7 +/- 2 chipmunks

C  4 chipmunks

D  4 chunks

E  +/- 2 chunks

A  Use of headphones instead of ear-buds

B  Sound levels that exceed the user’s expectations

C  Use of Dramamine

D  Mismatch between visual cues and felt motion

E  Low quality video feeds causing eye strain

A  Temperature

B  Gravity

C  Smell

D  Vesting

E  Haptics

A  When gloved hands are necessary

B  Situations involving hands-free operation

C  For tactile response personnel

D  Alerts for use in high vibration environments

E  During high visual load

A  Gloves might reduce a user’s likelihood of using a button

B  Gloves are always optional

C  Gloves can reduce felt tactile feedback

D  Controls can not be designed for use by a gloved hand

E  Gloves can be made of latex, which can result in an allergic reaction

F  Gloves have a tendency to inhibit hand-eye-coordination

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Using rhyming words

B  Avoiding slang vocabulary only

C  Avoiding slang vocabulary, Limiting the number of messages, and Designing loudness to be at least 20 decibels over ambient noise

D  Limiting the number of messages, and Designing loudness to be at least 20 decibels over ambient noise only

A  When omni-directional (360 degree) situational awareness is required since vision is limited to 130 degrees

B  For musically inclined individuals

C  When color vision is impaired as opposed to monochromatic vision

D  When there are fast moving objects requiring more saccadic eye movements

E  When there are high levels of ambient noise, such as busy road intersections

A  The human vestibular system is dominant over vision during clear skies

B  The human vestibular system is more accurate than instruments only in white out conditions

C  The human vestibular system picks up haptic cues from the flight controls

D  The human vestibular system has been shown to be more accurate than aircraft instruments

E  The human vestibular system is not tuned for un-natural environments resulting in false sensations

A  30 decibels louder, since this level guarantees detection

B  3 decibels louder, since this level represents double the acoustic energy

C  10 decibels louder, since the sound scale is logarithmic

D  3 decibels louder, since this level represents the JND (just noticeable difference)

E  10 decibels louder, since this level represents double the perceived loudness

A  The dB(B) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

B  The audiogram scale, since it replicates spatial tones

C  The dB(A) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

D  The dB(C) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

E  The Hz weighting scale, since it measures cycles per second

A  Macular degeneration

B  Both high and low frequency sensitivity increase with age

C  Low frequencies tend to be lost as we age

D  Presbyopia

E  High frequencies tend to be lost as we age

A  20 kilowatts

B  Ultra-sonic frequencies

C  2,000 to 5,000 Hz

D  20 to 20,000 Hz

E  Sub-sonic frequencies

A  There has been no research conducted on the effects of color and test performance

B  Color has no impact on test taker performance

C  Test taker performance has shown to be better using green ink

D  Test taker performance has shown to be better using red ink

A  Maximize use of ultraviolet light at night

B  Avoid redundant color cues at night

C  Use infrared light to keep surfaces warm

D  Minimize use of blue light at night

E  Exposure to varying colors of light color has no relationship with circadian rhythms

A  4.5 to 1

B  7.0 to 1

C  3.0 to 1

D  0 to 1

E  1 to 1

F  10 to 1

A  0.7 lux

B  0.7 millimeters

C  Bond rule does not allow you to compute letter height

D  0.7 feet

E  0.7 degrees

F  0.7 inches

A  Use stripes that vary in shape to allow them to be more readily detected

B  Use different colors to indicate the presence of a hazard ahead

C  Use more closely spaced stripes as the biker approaches the hazard

D  Use Zebra stripes to conceal outlines during motion

E  Use fiber optics instead of traditional paint to improve saliency

A  Color is always better than grayscale

B  Color should never be the only design cue

C  Color is reserved for graphic designers

D  Color improves the user experience

E  Color is critical for scotopic vision

A  Green light since it allows for detection for a larger variety of shades

B  Green light since it is associated with moving forward

C  Red light since it is most visually salient

D  Red light since it causes less interference to dark adaptation

E  It does not matter since Human Factors does not consider the effects of lighting  

A  1 lux

B  100 lux

C  10 lux

D  0.01 lux

E  All lux levels

F  0.1 lux

A  3

B  5

C  1

D  10

E  30

A  Contains 3 types of rod cells (red/green/blue)

B  Operates on very low light levels

C  Responsible for color vision

D  Responsible for proprioception

E  Responsible for sensing ultrasonic frequencies

A  Visual acuity remains unchanged, only color perception is affected

B  Objects appear larger due to top-down bias

C  Visual acuity decreases closer to the fovea

D  Objects appear smaller due to bottom-up bias

E  Visual acuity increases closer to the fovea

A  There tends to be no difference between vision of younger and older individuals

B  Older individuals tend to have presbyopia, reducing the ability to focus on objects closer than 1 meter

C  Younger individuals have more practice looking at nearby objects due to technology exposure

D  Older individuals need to squint more often due to reduced tear production