Exam 2

A  Associations of semantic memories

B  Schemas regarding dynamic systems which vary on degree of completeness and correctness

C  Knowledge structure regarding concepts and sequence of activities

D  Analogous to the visuospatial sketchpad representing spatial information

E  Use of modeling clay to construct an anatomical model

A  Utilizing knowledge-in-the-world

B  Waiting until a memory is almost forgotten, then recalling it

C  Recalling a memory in quick succession

D  Lifting heavy memories to build up strength

E  Writing the memory down so that it becomes Knowledge in the World

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Alpha-numeric bias

B  Disassociations

C  Superiority of letters over numbers

D  Pulsing of Long-term memories

E  Cognitive dissonance

A  Relies on intuition instead of practice

B  Easy to put into words (e.g., the route you took to work)

C  Is a subtype of declarative memory

D  Very hard to explain using words (e.g., how to tie a shoe)

E  Develops from a singular event, usually visual in nature

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Repetition during new contexts and immediate rewards

B  Delayed rewards and selective attention

C  Delayed rewards and repetition during new contexts

D  Repetition during similar contexts and immediate rewards

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Pass-phrases are easier to remember due to disassociations, and harder to crack due to dictionary attack methods

B  Pass-phrases are harder to remember due to disassociations, and harder to crack due to dictionary attack methods

C  Pass-phrases are easier to remember due to associations, and harder to crack due to higher character counts

D  Pass-phrases are harder to remember due to associations, and easier to crack due to higher character counts

A  Ask a friend for answers

B  Re-read each chapter

C  Defer to knowledge in the universe

D  Use mass practice

E  Utilize spaced practice

A  Visuospatial sketchpad

B  Long-term memory

C  Phonological loop

D  Short-term memory

E  Negative transfer

A  Strength, Associations, and Endurance

B  Bandwidth, Familiarity, and Knowledge in the World

C  Semantic, Episodic, and Procedural

D  Spaced Practice, Mass practice, and Intuition

E  STM, LTM, and ATM

A  Bandwidth, Familiarity, and Knowledge in the World

B  Larry, Curly, and Moe

C  X, Y, and Z axis

D  Sensation, Perception, Central Processing

E  STM, LTM, and working memory

A  Locks added to cabinets near the sink

B  Use of red coloring added to the soap solution

C  Use of a universal container connector

D  Improved contrast ratio of warning label text

E  More availability of safety gloves

A  Objects can be hidden in plane site due to selective attention

B  Inattentioal blindness is more prevalent with visually impaired users

C  Change blindness occurs only when we are tired

D  Gorillas can move very fast

E  Cognitive bandwidth is limitless

A  Heads-up displays are only offered in fighter jets

B  When a driver’s eyes are on the road, it doesn’t mean their mind is also on the road

C  Touch screen displays have superseded the need for heads-up displays

D  The heads-up display requires looking down towards the instrument cluster

E  Heads-up displays cannot be used while wearing polarized sunglasses

A  Id and Ego

B  Salience and Effort

C  Expectancy and Value

D  Short-term memory and Long-term memory

E  Visuospatial sketchpad and Phonological loop

A  36 6GRK

B  3G66RK

C  3G 66RK

D  366GRK

E  366 GRK

A  7 seconds

B  7 hours

C  7 days

D  70 seconds

E  70 minutes

A  4 chunks

B  4 chipmunks

C  7 +/- 2 chipmunks

D  7 +/- 2 chunks

E  +/- 2 chunks

A  Mismatch between visual cues and felt motion

B  Use of headphones instead of ear-buds

C  Sound levels that exceed the user’s expectations

D  Low quality video feeds causing eye strain

E  Use of Dramamine

A  Vesting

B  Haptics

C  Gravity

D  Temperature

E  Smell

A  When gloved hands are necessary

B  Alerts for use in high vibration environments

C  Situations involving hands-free operation

D  For tactile response personnel

E  During high visual load

A  Gloves have a tendency to inhibit hand-eye-coordination

B  Gloves can be made of latex, which can result in an allergic reaction

C  Gloves are always optional

D  Controls can not be designed for use by a gloved hand

E  Gloves might reduce a user’s likelihood of using a button

F  Gloves can reduce felt tactile feedback

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Limiting the number of messages, and Designing loudness to be at least 20 decibels over ambient noise only

B  Avoiding slang vocabulary only

C  Using rhyming words

D  Avoiding slang vocabulary, Limiting the number of messages, and Designing loudness to be at least 20 decibels over ambient noise

A  When color vision is impaired as opposed to monochromatic vision

B  When omni-directional (360 degree) situational awareness is required since vision is limited to 130 degrees

C  When there are fast moving objects requiring more saccadic eye movements

D  When there are high levels of ambient noise, such as busy road intersections

E  For musically inclined individuals

A  The human vestibular system has been shown to be more accurate than aircraft instruments

B  The human vestibular system is dominant over vision during clear skies

C  The human vestibular system is more accurate than instruments only in white out conditions

D  The human vestibular system is not tuned for un-natural environments resulting in false sensations

E  The human vestibular system picks up haptic cues from the flight controls

A  3 decibels louder, since this level represents the JND (just noticeable difference)

B  3 decibels louder, since this level represents double the acoustic energy

C  30 decibels louder, since this level guarantees detection

D  10 decibels louder, since this level represents double the perceived loudness

E  10 decibels louder, since the sound scale is logarithmic

A  The dB(C) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

B  The dB(A) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

C  The dB(B) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

D  The audiogram scale, since it replicates spatial tones

E  The Hz weighting scale, since it measures cycles per second

A  Low frequencies tend to be lost as we age

B  Presbyopia

C  High frequencies tend to be lost as we age

D  Macular degeneration

E  Both high and low frequency sensitivity increase with age

A  2,000 to 5,000 Hz

B  20 to 20,000 Hz

C  Ultra-sonic frequencies

D  Sub-sonic frequencies

E  20 kilowatts

A  There has been no research conducted on the effects of color and test performance

B  Test taker performance has shown to be better using green ink

C  Test taker performance has shown to be better using red ink

D  Color has no impact on test taker performance

A  Maximize use of ultraviolet light at night

B  Minimize use of blue light at night

C  Use infrared light to keep surfaces warm

D  Exposure to varying colors of light color has no relationship with circadian rhythms

E  Avoid redundant color cues at night

A  0 to 1

B  1 to 1

C  4.5 to 1

D  10 to 1

E  7.0 to 1

F  3.0 to 1

A  0.7 feet

B  Bond rule does not allow you to compute letter height

C  0.7 inches

D  0.7 lux

E  0.7 degrees

F  0.7 millimeters

A  Use stripes that vary in shape to allow them to be more readily detected

B  Use different colors to indicate the presence of a hazard ahead

C  Use more closely spaced stripes as the biker approaches the hazard

D  Use fiber optics instead of traditional paint to improve saliency

E  Use Zebra stripes to conceal outlines during motion

A  Color should never be the only design cue

B  Color is always better than grayscale

C  Color is critical for scotopic vision

D  Color is reserved for graphic designers

E  Color improves the user experience

A  It does not matter since Human Factors does not consider the effects of lighting  

B  Green light since it is associated with moving forward

C  Red light since it causes less interference to dark adaptation

D  Green light since it allows for detection for a larger variety of shades

E  Red light since it is most visually salient

A  All lux levels

B  10 lux

C  1 lux

D  0.01 lux

E  0.1 lux

F  100 lux

A  5

B  3

C  30

D  10

E  1

A  Contains 3 types of rod cells (red/green/blue)

B  Responsible for color vision

C  Responsible for sensing ultrasonic frequencies

D  Responsible for proprioception

E  Operates on very low light levels

A  Visual acuity increases closer to the fovea

B  Visual acuity decreases closer to the fovea

C  Objects appear smaller due to bottom-up bias

D  Visual acuity remains unchanged, only color perception is affected

E  Objects appear larger due to top-down bias

A  Older individuals tend to have presbyopia, reducing the ability to focus on objects closer than 1 meter

B  Younger individuals have more practice looking at nearby objects due to technology exposure

C  There tends to be no difference between vision of younger and older individuals

D  Older individuals need to squint more often due to reduced tear production