Exam 2

A  Schemas regarding dynamic systems which vary on degree of completeness and correctness

B  Knowledge structure regarding concepts and sequence of activities

C  Analogous to the visuospatial sketchpad representing spatial information

D  Associations of semantic memories

E  Use of modeling clay to construct an anatomical model

A  Utilizing knowledge-in-the-world

B  Lifting heavy memories to build up strength

C  Waiting until a memory is almost forgotten, then recalling it

D  Recalling a memory in quick succession

E  Writing the memory down so that it becomes Knowledge in the World

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Alpha-numeric bias

B  Pulsing of Long-term memories

C  Cognitive dissonance

D  Superiority of letters over numbers

E  Disassociations

A  Relies on intuition instead of practice

B  Easy to put into words (e.g., the route you took to work)

C  Very hard to explain using words (e.g., how to tie a shoe)

D  Develops from a singular event, usually visual in nature

E  Is a subtype of declarative memory

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Delayed rewards and selective attention

B  Repetition during new contexts and immediate rewards

C  Repetition during similar contexts and immediate rewards

D  Delayed rewards and repetition during new contexts

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Pass-phrases are easier to remember due to disassociations, and harder to crack due to dictionary attack methods

B  Pass-phrases are harder to remember due to disassociations, and harder to crack due to dictionary attack methods

C  Pass-phrases are easier to remember due to associations, and harder to crack due to higher character counts

D  Pass-phrases are harder to remember due to associations, and easier to crack due to higher character counts

A  Re-read each chapter

B  Defer to knowledge in the universe

C  Ask a friend for answers

D  Use mass practice

E  Utilize spaced practice

A  Visuospatial sketchpad

B  Phonological loop

C  Long-term memory

D  Short-term memory

E  Negative transfer

A  STM, LTM, and ATM

B  Semantic, Episodic, and Procedural

C  Spaced Practice, Mass practice, and Intuition

D  Strength, Associations, and Endurance

E  Bandwidth, Familiarity, and Knowledge in the World

A  Bandwidth, Familiarity, and Knowledge in the World

B  X, Y, and Z axis

C  Larry, Curly, and Moe

D  STM, LTM, and working memory

E  Sensation, Perception, Central Processing

A  Use of a universal container connector

B  Locks added to cabinets near the sink

C  Use of red coloring added to the soap solution

D  Improved contrast ratio of warning label text

E  More availability of safety gloves

A  Cognitive bandwidth is limitless

B  Gorillas can move very fast

C  Objects can be hidden in plane site due to selective attention

D  Inattentioal blindness is more prevalent with visually impaired users

E  Change blindness occurs only when we are tired

A  Heads-up displays are only offered in fighter jets

B  Touch screen displays have superseded the need for heads-up displays

C  When a driver’s eyes are on the road, it doesn’t mean their mind is also on the road

D  The heads-up display requires looking down towards the instrument cluster

E  Heads-up displays cannot be used while wearing polarized sunglasses

A  Visuospatial sketchpad and Phonological loop

B  Id and Ego

C  Short-term memory and Long-term memory

D  Expectancy and Value

E  Salience and Effort

A  36 6GRK

B  366 GRK

C  366GRK

D  3G 66RK

E  3G66RK

A  7 seconds

B  7 hours

C  70 minutes

D  7 days

E  70 seconds

A  7 +/- 2 chunks

B  4 chunks

C  +/- 2 chunks

D  7 +/- 2 chipmunks

E  4 chipmunks

A  Use of headphones instead of ear-buds

B  Sound levels that exceed the user’s expectations

C  Mismatch between visual cues and felt motion

D  Use of Dramamine

E  Low quality video feeds causing eye strain

A  Haptics

B  Temperature

C  Vesting

D  Gravity

E  Smell

A  During high visual load

B  For tactile response personnel

C  When gloved hands are necessary

D  Situations involving hands-free operation

E  Alerts for use in high vibration environments

A  Gloves have a tendency to inhibit hand-eye-coordination

B  Gloves can be made of latex, which can result in an allergic reaction

C  Gloves can reduce felt tactile feedback

D  Controls can not be designed for use by a gloved hand

E  Gloves might reduce a user’s likelihood of using a button

F  Gloves are always optional

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Avoiding slang vocabulary only

B  Avoiding slang vocabulary, Limiting the number of messages, and Designing loudness to be at least 20 decibels over ambient noise

C  Limiting the number of messages, and Designing loudness to be at least 20 decibels over ambient noise only

D  Using rhyming words

A  When omni-directional (360 degree) situational awareness is required since vision is limited to 130 degrees

B  When there are fast moving objects requiring more saccadic eye movements

C  When there are high levels of ambient noise, such as busy road intersections

D  When color vision is impaired as opposed to monochromatic vision

E  For musically inclined individuals

A  The human vestibular system picks up haptic cues from the flight controls

B  The human vestibular system is dominant over vision during clear skies

C  The human vestibular system is more accurate than instruments only in white out conditions

D  The human vestibular system has been shown to be more accurate than aircraft instruments

E  The human vestibular system is not tuned for un-natural environments resulting in false sensations

A  10 decibels louder, since the sound scale is logarithmic

B  30 decibels louder, since this level guarantees detection

C  10 decibels louder, since this level represents double the perceived loudness

D  3 decibels louder, since this level represents double the acoustic energy

E  3 decibels louder, since this level represents the JND (just noticeable difference)

A  The Hz weighting scale, since it measures cycles per second

B  The dB(A) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

C  The dB(B) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

D  The audiogram scale, since it replicates spatial tones

E  The dB(C) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

A  High frequencies tend to be lost as we age

B  Both high and low frequency sensitivity increase with age

C  Presbyopia

D  Low frequencies tend to be lost as we age

E  Macular degeneration

A  20 to 20,000 Hz

B  2,000 to 5,000 Hz

C  20 kilowatts

D  Ultra-sonic frequencies

E  Sub-sonic frequencies

A  Color has no impact on test taker performance

B  Test taker performance has shown to be better using green ink

C  Test taker performance has shown to be better using red ink

D  There has been no research conducted on the effects of color and test performance

A  Minimize use of blue light at night

B  Avoid redundant color cues at night

C  Exposure to varying colors of light color has no relationship with circadian rhythms

D  Use infrared light to keep surfaces warm

E  Maximize use of ultraviolet light at night

A  10 to 1

B  0 to 1

C  3.0 to 1

D  7.0 to 1

E  1 to 1

F  4.5 to 1

A  0.7 millimeters

B  0.7 inches

C  0.7 degrees

D  0.7 lux

E  0.7 feet

F  Bond rule does not allow you to compute letter height

A  Use different colors to indicate the presence of a hazard ahead

B  Use stripes that vary in shape to allow them to be more readily detected

C  Use more closely spaced stripes as the biker approaches the hazard

D  Use Zebra stripes to conceal outlines during motion

E  Use fiber optics instead of traditional paint to improve saliency

A  Color should never be the only design cue

B  Color is always better than grayscale

C  Color is critical for scotopic vision

D  Color improves the user experience

E  Color is reserved for graphic designers

A  Green light since it allows for detection for a larger variety of shades

B  It does not matter since Human Factors does not consider the effects of lighting  

C  Red light since it is most visually salient

D  Green light since it is associated with moving forward

E  Red light since it causes less interference to dark adaptation

A  100 lux

B  0.01 lux

C  1 lux

D  All lux levels

E  10 lux

F  0.1 lux

A  5

B  3

C  30

D  10

E  1

A  Operates on very low light levels

B  Responsible for proprioception

C  Contains 3 types of rod cells (red/green/blue)

D  Responsible for sensing ultrasonic frequencies

E  Responsible for color vision

A  Visual acuity decreases closer to the fovea

B  Visual acuity remains unchanged, only color perception is affected

C  Visual acuity increases closer to the fovea

D  Objects appear larger due to top-down bias

E  Objects appear smaller due to bottom-up bias

A  Older individuals need to squint more often due to reduced tear production

B  Younger individuals have more practice looking at nearby objects due to technology exposure

C  Older individuals tend to have presbyopia, reducing the ability to focus on objects closer than 1 meter

D  There tends to be no difference between vision of younger and older individuals