Exam 2

A  Use of modeling clay to construct an anatomical model

B  Associations of semantic memories

C  Knowledge structure regarding concepts and sequence of activities

D  Schemas regarding dynamic systems which vary on degree of completeness and correctness

E  Analogous to the visuospatial sketchpad representing spatial information

A  Waiting until a memory is almost forgotten, then recalling it

B  Utilizing knowledge-in-the-world

C  Recalling a memory in quick succession

D  Writing the memory down so that it becomes Knowledge in the World

E  Lifting heavy memories to build up strength

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Alpha-numeric bias

B  Cognitive dissonance

C  Pulsing of Long-term memories

D  Superiority of letters over numbers

E  Disassociations

A  Develops from a singular event, usually visual in nature

B  Is a subtype of declarative memory

C  Relies on intuition instead of practice

D  Very hard to explain using words (e.g., how to tie a shoe)

E  Easy to put into words (e.g., the route you took to work)

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Repetition during similar contexts and immediate rewards

B  Delayed rewards and repetition during new contexts

C  Repetition during new contexts and immediate rewards

D  Delayed rewards and selective attention

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Pass-phrases are easier to remember due to disassociations, and harder to crack due to dictionary attack methods

B  Pass-phrases are harder to remember due to associations, and easier to crack due to higher character counts

C  Pass-phrases are harder to remember due to disassociations, and harder to crack due to dictionary attack methods

D  Pass-phrases are easier to remember due to associations, and harder to crack due to higher character counts

A  Utilize spaced practice

B  Ask a friend for answers

C  Re-read each chapter

D  Defer to knowledge in the universe

E  Use mass practice

A  Short-term memory

B  Phonological loop

C  Negative transfer

D  Visuospatial sketchpad

E  Long-term memory

A  STM, LTM, and ATM

B  Strength, Associations, and Endurance

C  Bandwidth, Familiarity, and Knowledge in the World

D  Semantic, Episodic, and Procedural

E  Spaced Practice, Mass practice, and Intuition

A  Larry, Curly, and Moe

B  STM, LTM, and working memory

C  Bandwidth, Familiarity, and Knowledge in the World

D  Sensation, Perception, Central Processing

E  X, Y, and Z axis

A  Locks added to cabinets near the sink

B  Use of red coloring added to the soap solution

C  More availability of safety gloves

D  Improved contrast ratio of warning label text

E  Use of a universal container connector

A  Cognitive bandwidth is limitless

B  Change blindness occurs only when we are tired

C  Gorillas can move very fast

D  Objects can be hidden in plane site due to selective attention

E  Inattentioal blindness is more prevalent with visually impaired users

A  Heads-up displays cannot be used while wearing polarized sunglasses

B  Heads-up displays are only offered in fighter jets

C  When a driver’s eyes are on the road, it doesn’t mean their mind is also on the road

D  The heads-up display requires looking down towards the instrument cluster

E  Touch screen displays have superseded the need for heads-up displays

A  Visuospatial sketchpad and Phonological loop

B  Salience and Effort

C  Short-term memory and Long-term memory

D  Expectancy and Value

E  Id and Ego

A  366GRK

B  366 GRK

C  36 6GRK

D  3G66RK

E  3G 66RK

A  7 seconds

B  70 seconds

C  7 hours

D  7 days

E  70 minutes

A  4 chipmunks

B  7 +/- 2 chunks

C  4 chunks

D  +/- 2 chunks

E  7 +/- 2 chipmunks

A  Use of headphones instead of ear-buds

B  Sound levels that exceed the user’s expectations

C  Low quality video feeds causing eye strain

D  Use of Dramamine

E  Mismatch between visual cues and felt motion

A  Smell

B  Vesting

C  Haptics

D  Temperature

E  Gravity

A  Situations involving hands-free operation

B  For tactile response personnel

C  When gloved hands are necessary

D  Alerts for use in high vibration environments

E  During high visual load

A  Gloves can be made of latex, which can result in an allergic reaction

B  Gloves might reduce a user’s likelihood of using a button

C  Gloves can reduce felt tactile feedback

D  Gloves have a tendency to inhibit hand-eye-coordination

E  Gloves are always optional

F  Controls can not be designed for use by a gloved hand

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Avoiding slang vocabulary, Limiting the number of messages, and Designing loudness to be at least 20 decibels over ambient noise

B  Avoiding slang vocabulary only

C  Using rhyming words

D  Limiting the number of messages, and Designing loudness to be at least 20 decibels over ambient noise only

A  When there are fast moving objects requiring more saccadic eye movements

B  For musically inclined individuals

C  When there are high levels of ambient noise, such as busy road intersections

D  When omni-directional (360 degree) situational awareness is required since vision is limited to 130 degrees

E  When color vision is impaired as opposed to monochromatic vision

A  The human vestibular system is dominant over vision during clear skies

B  The human vestibular system is not tuned for un-natural environments resulting in false sensations

C  The human vestibular system is more accurate than instruments only in white out conditions

D  The human vestibular system has been shown to be more accurate than aircraft instruments

E  The human vestibular system picks up haptic cues from the flight controls

A  3 decibels louder, since this level represents the JND (just noticeable difference)

B  10 decibels louder, since the sound scale is logarithmic

C  10 decibels louder, since this level represents double the perceived loudness

D  30 decibels louder, since this level guarantees detection

E  3 decibels louder, since this level represents double the acoustic energy

A  The dB(A) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

B  The dB(B) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

C  The audiogram scale, since it replicates spatial tones

D  The Hz weighting scale, since it measures cycles per second

E  The dB(C) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

A  Macular degeneration

B  Both high and low frequency sensitivity increase with age

C  Presbyopia

D  High frequencies tend to be lost as we age

E  Low frequencies tend to be lost as we age

A  20 kilowatts

B  2,000 to 5,000 Hz

C  Sub-sonic frequencies

D  Ultra-sonic frequencies

E  20 to 20,000 Hz

A  There has been no research conducted on the effects of color and test performance

B  Color has no impact on test taker performance

C  Test taker performance has shown to be better using red ink

D  Test taker performance has shown to be better using green ink

A  Avoid redundant color cues at night

B  Use infrared light to keep surfaces warm

C  Exposure to varying colors of light color has no relationship with circadian rhythms

D  Minimize use of blue light at night

E  Maximize use of ultraviolet light at night

A  3.0 to 1

B  0 to 1

C  1 to 1

D  10 to 1

E  7.0 to 1

F  4.5 to 1

A  0.7 degrees

B  0.7 lux

C  Bond rule does not allow you to compute letter height

D  0.7 feet

E  0.7 inches

F  0.7 millimeters

A  Use different colors to indicate the presence of a hazard ahead

B  Use more closely spaced stripes as the biker approaches the hazard

C  Use stripes that vary in shape to allow them to be more readily detected

D  Use fiber optics instead of traditional paint to improve saliency

E  Use Zebra stripes to conceal outlines during motion

A  Color improves the user experience

B  Color should never be the only design cue

C  Color is critical for scotopic vision

D  Color is always better than grayscale

E  Color is reserved for graphic designers

A  Green light since it allows for detection for a larger variety of shades

B  Green light since it is associated with moving forward

C  Red light since it causes less interference to dark adaptation

D  Red light since it is most visually salient

E  It does not matter since Human Factors does not consider the effects of lighting  

A  All lux levels

B  0.1 lux

C  100 lux

D  10 lux

E  0.01 lux

F  1 lux

A  30

B  10

C  3

D  1

E  5

A  Operates on very low light levels

B  Responsible for sensing ultrasonic frequencies

C  Responsible for proprioception

D  Contains 3 types of rod cells (red/green/blue)

E  Responsible for color vision

A  Visual acuity increases closer to the fovea

B  Visual acuity decreases closer to the fovea

C  Objects appear smaller due to bottom-up bias

D  Visual acuity remains unchanged, only color perception is affected

E  Objects appear larger due to top-down bias

A  Younger individuals have more practice looking at nearby objects due to technology exposure

B  Older individuals need to squint more often due to reduced tear production

C  Older individuals tend to have presbyopia, reducing the ability to focus on objects closer than 1 meter

D  There tends to be no difference between vision of younger and older individuals