Exam 2

A  Schemas regarding dynamic systems which vary on degree of completeness and correctness

B  Associations of semantic memories

C  Knowledge structure regarding concepts and sequence of activities

D  Use of modeling clay to construct an anatomical model

E  Analogous to the visuospatial sketchpad representing spatial information

A  Recalling a memory in quick succession

B  Waiting until a memory is almost forgotten, then recalling it

C  Lifting heavy memories to build up strength

D  Utilizing knowledge-in-the-world

E  Writing the memory down so that it becomes Knowledge in the World

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Superiority of letters over numbers

B  Cognitive dissonance

C  Disassociations

D  Pulsing of Long-term memories

E  Alpha-numeric bias

A  Is a subtype of declarative memory

B  Relies on intuition instead of practice

C  Develops from a singular event, usually visual in nature

D  Easy to put into words (e.g., the route you took to work)

E  Very hard to explain using words (e.g., how to tie a shoe)

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Delayed rewards and repetition during new contexts

B  Repetition during new contexts and immediate rewards

C  Repetition during similar contexts and immediate rewards

D  Delayed rewards and selective attention

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Pass-phrases are harder to remember due to disassociations, and harder to crack due to dictionary attack methods

B  Pass-phrases are easier to remember due to disassociations, and harder to crack due to dictionary attack methods

C  Pass-phrases are easier to remember due to associations, and harder to crack due to higher character counts

D  Pass-phrases are harder to remember due to associations, and easier to crack due to higher character counts

A  Use mass practice

B  Defer to knowledge in the universe

C  Ask a friend for answers

D  Utilize spaced practice

E  Re-read each chapter

A  Visuospatial sketchpad

B  Short-term memory

C  Negative transfer

D  Phonological loop

E  Long-term memory

A  STM, LTM, and ATM

B  Bandwidth, Familiarity, and Knowledge in the World

C  Strength, Associations, and Endurance

D  Semantic, Episodic, and Procedural

E  Spaced Practice, Mass practice, and Intuition

A  Larry, Curly, and Moe

B  STM, LTM, and working memory

C  Sensation, Perception, Central Processing

D  X, Y, and Z axis

E  Bandwidth, Familiarity, and Knowledge in the World

A  More availability of safety gloves

B  Locks added to cabinets near the sink

C  Improved contrast ratio of warning label text

D  Use of red coloring added to the soap solution

E  Use of a universal container connector

A  Cognitive bandwidth is limitless

B  Inattentioal blindness is more prevalent with visually impaired users

C  Change blindness occurs only when we are tired

D  Gorillas can move very fast

E  Objects can be hidden in plane site due to selective attention

A  Heads-up displays cannot be used while wearing polarized sunglasses

B  When a driver’s eyes are on the road, it doesn’t mean their mind is also on the road

C  The heads-up display requires looking down towards the instrument cluster

D  Heads-up displays are only offered in fighter jets

E  Touch screen displays have superseded the need for heads-up displays

A  Short-term memory and Long-term memory

B  Id and Ego

C  Expectancy and Value

D  Salience and Effort

E  Visuospatial sketchpad and Phonological loop

A  366GRK

B  36 6GRK

C  3G66RK

D  366 GRK

E  3G 66RK

A  7 seconds

B  7 hours

C  70 minutes

D  70 seconds

E  7 days

A  7 +/- 2 chipmunks

B  +/- 2 chunks

C  4 chipmunks

D  7 +/- 2 chunks

E  4 chunks

A  Low quality video feeds causing eye strain

B  Use of Dramamine

C  Mismatch between visual cues and felt motion

D  Sound levels that exceed the user’s expectations

E  Use of headphones instead of ear-buds

A  Smell

B  Vesting

C  Haptics

D  Temperature

E  Gravity

A  When gloved hands are necessary

B  During high visual load

C  For tactile response personnel

D  Alerts for use in high vibration environments

E  Situations involving hands-free operation

A  Gloves might reduce a user’s likelihood of using a button

B  Controls can not be designed for use by a gloved hand

C  Gloves can reduce felt tactile feedback

D  Gloves are always optional

E  Gloves have a tendency to inhibit hand-eye-coordination

F  Gloves can be made of latex, which can result in an allergic reaction

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Avoiding slang vocabulary, Limiting the number of messages, and Designing loudness to be at least 20 decibels over ambient noise

B  Limiting the number of messages, and Designing loudness to be at least 20 decibels over ambient noise only

C  Avoiding slang vocabulary only

D  Using rhyming words

A  When color vision is impaired as opposed to monochromatic vision

B  For musically inclined individuals

C  When omni-directional (360 degree) situational awareness is required since vision is limited to 130 degrees

D  When there are high levels of ambient noise, such as busy road intersections

E  When there are fast moving objects requiring more saccadic eye movements

A  The human vestibular system is dominant over vision during clear skies

B  The human vestibular system is not tuned for un-natural environments resulting in false sensations

C  The human vestibular system picks up haptic cues from the flight controls

D  The human vestibular system has been shown to be more accurate than aircraft instruments

E  The human vestibular system is more accurate than instruments only in white out conditions

A  3 decibels louder, since this level represents double the acoustic energy

B  3 decibels louder, since this level represents the JND (just noticeable difference)

C  10 decibels louder, since this level represents double the perceived loudness

D  30 decibels louder, since this level guarantees detection

E  10 decibels louder, since the sound scale is logarithmic

A  The audiogram scale, since it replicates spatial tones

B  The dB(C) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

C  The dB(A) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

D  The Hz weighting scale, since it measures cycles per second

E  The dB(B) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

A  High frequencies tend to be lost as we age

B  Low frequencies tend to be lost as we age

C  Macular degeneration

D  Presbyopia

E  Both high and low frequency sensitivity increase with age

A  2,000 to 5,000 Hz

B  Ultra-sonic frequencies

C  20 to 20,000 Hz

D  Sub-sonic frequencies

E  20 kilowatts

A  Test taker performance has shown to be better using red ink

B  Test taker performance has shown to be better using green ink

C  Color has no impact on test taker performance

D  There has been no research conducted on the effects of color and test performance

A  Minimize use of blue light at night

B  Use infrared light to keep surfaces warm

C  Maximize use of ultraviolet light at night

D  Exposure to varying colors of light color has no relationship with circadian rhythms

E  Avoid redundant color cues at night

A  4.5 to 1

B  1 to 1

C  7.0 to 1

D  0 to 1

E  10 to 1

F  3.0 to 1

A  Bond rule does not allow you to compute letter height

B  0.7 lux

C  0.7 millimeters

D  0.7 inches

E  0.7 degrees

F  0.7 feet

A  Use Zebra stripes to conceal outlines during motion

B  Use different colors to indicate the presence of a hazard ahead

C  Use stripes that vary in shape to allow them to be more readily detected

D  Use fiber optics instead of traditional paint to improve saliency

E  Use more closely spaced stripes as the biker approaches the hazard

A  Color is always better than grayscale

B  Color improves the user experience

C  Color is critical for scotopic vision

D  Color should never be the only design cue

E  Color is reserved for graphic designers

A  Red light since it is most visually salient

B  Green light since it is associated with moving forward

C  Red light since it causes less interference to dark adaptation

D  Green light since it allows for detection for a larger variety of shades

E  It does not matter since Human Factors does not consider the effects of lighting  

A  0.01 lux

B  100 lux

C  1 lux

D  0.1 lux

E  All lux levels

F  10 lux

A  1

B  5

C  3

D  10

E  30

A  Contains 3 types of rod cells (red/green/blue)

B  Operates on very low light levels

C  Responsible for sensing ultrasonic frequencies

D  Responsible for proprioception

E  Responsible for color vision

A  Visual acuity remains unchanged, only color perception is affected

B  Objects appear larger due to top-down bias

C  Visual acuity increases closer to the fovea

D  Visual acuity decreases closer to the fovea

E  Objects appear smaller due to bottom-up bias

A  Older individuals need to squint more often due to reduced tear production

B  Younger individuals have more practice looking at nearby objects due to technology exposure

C  There tends to be no difference between vision of younger and older individuals

D  Older individuals tend to have presbyopia, reducing the ability to focus on objects closer than 1 meter