Midterm Exam

A  Emile Durkheim

B  Max Weber

C  Karl Marx

D  Donald Black

A  Medians are most appropriate for interval variables.

B  Any of these can be used with an interval variable.

C  Standard deviation is most appropriate for nominal variables.

D  Means are most appropriate for ordinal variables.

A  editorials

B  newspapers

C  major cities

D  grade inflation

A  a small population centered in one area

B  a small population scattered across a wide geographic area

C  a large population centered in one area

D  a large population scattered across a wide geographic area

A  A table of random numbers.

B  A table of random events.

C  A table of random incidents.

D  A random number of tables.

A  excludes the use of statistical theory to estimate the probability of correct inferences.

B  should never be used under any circumstances.

C  always produces samples that possess distorted characteristics relative to the population.

D  requires the use of a complete sampling frame.

A  systematic random sampling

B  simple random sampling

C  strafied sampling

D  cluster sampling

A  quota sampling

B  simple random sampling

C  cluster sampling

D  stratified sampling

A  Probability, because that’s always the best.

B  Probability, because there is no sampling frame.

C  Non-probability, because that’s always the best.

D  Non-probability, because there is no sampling frame.

A  the sampling error

B  the sampling frame

C  the main cluster

D  the sample

A  Thurstone scales

B  Likert scales

C  Guttman scales

D  none of the above

A  Likert Scale

B  Thurstone scale

C  semantic differential scale

D  Guttman scale

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  There should be concern about the amount of variance provided by the items.
A composite measure should be unidimensional.
Each item should have face validity.

B  There should be concern about the amount of variance provided by the items.

C  Each item should have face validity.

D  A composite measure should be unidimensional.; and Each item should have face validity.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  sensitization

B  personal attribute effect

C  Hawthorne effect

D  sleeper effects

A  Codebooks should be firm, and not allowed to evolve over time.

B  You could use established codes or generate your own.

C  Codes should capture as much detail as possible, at least initially.

D  Coding schemes should be appropriate to the theoretical concepts examined.

A  content

B  criterion

C  face

D  construct

A  test-retest method

B  split-half method

C  using established measures

D  Cronbach’s alpha

A  reliability and replicability problems raise questions about objectivity

B  typically small samples mean that there is a problem with inferences and personal and personnel differences introduce problems with reliability

C  personal and personnel differences introduce problems with reliability

D  reliability and replicability problems raise questions about objectivity, typically small samples mean that there is a problem with inferences, and personal and personnel differences introduce problems with reliability

A  truth

B  precision

C  reliability

D  validity

A  panel study

B  cross-sectional study

C  trend study

D  cohort study

A  richer in meaning

B  less reliable

C  less explicit

D  easier to aggregate

A  abstract

B  variable

C  observable

D  measurable

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  sampling procedures

B  choice of observation method

C  data processing

D  statistical analysis

A  description

B  evaluation

C  explanation

D  exploration

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  testability

B  simplicity

C  generality

D  originality

A  bivariate conceptualization

B  value judgement

C  hypothesis

D  theory

A  deductive

B  deductive and inductive

C  inductive

D  none of the above

A  overgeneralization

B  Hawthorne effect

C  ecological fallacy

D  illogical reasoning

A  positivism

B  realism

C  post-modernism

D  empricism

A  empiricism

B  realism

C  positivism

D  post-modernism

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  systematic reduction of bias

B  clear criteria for evaluation

C  audience appeal

D  ability to capture absolute truth about reality

A  intuition and mysticism

B  tradition

C  tradition, intuition, and mysticism