Midterm Exam

A  Karl Marx

B  Max Weber

C  Emile Durkheim

D  Donald Black

A  Any of these can be used with an interval variable.

B  Means are most appropriate for ordinal variables.

C  Standard deviation is most appropriate for nominal variables.

D  Medians are most appropriate for interval variables.

A  major cities

B  grade inflation

C  newspapers

D  editorials

A  a large population centered in one area

B  a small population scattered across a wide geographic area

C  a small population centered in one area

D  a large population scattered across a wide geographic area

A  A random number of tables.

B  A table of random events.

C  A table of random incidents.

D  A table of random numbers.

A  should never be used under any circumstances.

B  always produces samples that possess distorted characteristics relative to the population.

C  excludes the use of statistical theory to estimate the probability of correct inferences.

D  requires the use of a complete sampling frame.

A  simple random sampling

B  systematic random sampling

C  strafied sampling

D  cluster sampling

A  stratified sampling

B  quota sampling

C  cluster sampling

D  simple random sampling

A  Non-probability, because there is no sampling frame.

B  Probability, because there is no sampling frame.

C  Non-probability, because that’s always the best.

D  Probability, because that’s always the best.

A  the sampling error

B  the sample

C  the sampling frame

D  the main cluster

A  Thurstone scales

B  Guttman scales

C  Likert scales

D  none of the above

A  Likert Scale

B  Thurstone scale

C  semantic differential scale

D  Guttman scale

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Each item should have face validity.

B  There should be concern about the amount of variance provided by the items.
A composite measure should be unidimensional.
Each item should have face validity.

C  There should be concern about the amount of variance provided by the items.

D  A composite measure should be unidimensional.; and Each item should have face validity.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  sleeper effects

B  sensitization

C  personal attribute effect

D  Hawthorne effect

A  You could use established codes or generate your own.

B  Coding schemes should be appropriate to the theoretical concepts examined.

C  Codebooks should be firm, and not allowed to evolve over time.

D  Codes should capture as much detail as possible, at least initially.

A  content

B  face

C  criterion

D  construct

A  split-half method

B  using established measures

C  Cronbach’s alpha

D  test-retest method

A  reliability and replicability problems raise questions about objectivity

B  typically small samples mean that there is a problem with inferences and personal and personnel differences introduce problems with reliability

C  reliability and replicability problems raise questions about objectivity, typically small samples mean that there is a problem with inferences, and personal and personnel differences introduce problems with reliability

D  personal and personnel differences introduce problems with reliability

A  reliability

B  precision

C  validity

D  truth

A  panel study

B  cohort study

C  trend study

D  cross-sectional study

A  richer in meaning

B  easier to aggregate

C  less explicit

D  less reliable

A  measurable

B  abstract

C  variable

D  observable

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  statistical analysis

B  sampling procedures

C  data processing

D  choice of observation method

A  explanation

B  description

C  evaluation

D  exploration

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  simplicity

B  testability

C  originality

D  generality

A  value judgement

B  hypothesis

C  bivariate conceptualization

D  theory

A  deductive

B  deductive and inductive

C  inductive

D  none of the above

A  overgeneralization

B  Hawthorne effect

C  ecological fallacy

D  illogical reasoning

A  post-modernism

B  empricism

C  positivism

D  realism

A  post-modernism

B  positivism

C  realism

D  empiricism

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  ability to capture absolute truth about reality

B  systematic reduction of bias

C  clear criteria for evaluation

D  audience appeal

A  tradition

B  intuition and mysticism

C  tradition, intuition, and mysticism