Midterm Exam

A  Emile Durkheim

B  Karl Marx

C  Max Weber

D  Donald Black

A  Medians are most appropriate for interval variables.

B  Standard deviation is most appropriate for nominal variables.

C  Any of these can be used with an interval variable.

D  Means are most appropriate for ordinal variables.

A  newspapers

B  grade inflation

C  editorials

D  major cities

A  a large population scattered across a wide geographic area

B  a small population centered in one area

C  a small population scattered across a wide geographic area

D  a large population centered in one area

A  A table of random events.

B  A random number of tables.

C  A table of random incidents.

D  A table of random numbers.

A  requires the use of a complete sampling frame.

B  excludes the use of statistical theory to estimate the probability of correct inferences.

C  always produces samples that possess distorted characteristics relative to the population.

D  should never be used under any circumstances.

A  strafied sampling

B  systematic random sampling

C  cluster sampling

D  simple random sampling

A  stratified sampling

B  cluster sampling

C  simple random sampling

D  quota sampling

A  Probability, because there is no sampling frame.

B  Probability, because that’s always the best.

C  Non-probability, because that’s always the best.

D  Non-probability, because there is no sampling frame.

A  the sampling error

B  the sampling frame

C  the sample

D  the main cluster

A  Thurstone scales

B  Likert scales

C  Guttman scales

D  none of the above

A  Likert Scale

B  Thurstone scale

C  semantic differential scale

D  Guttman scale

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  A composite measure should be unidimensional.; and Each item should have face validity.

B  Each item should have face validity.

C  There should be concern about the amount of variance provided by the items.

D  There should be concern about the amount of variance provided by the items.
A composite measure should be unidimensional.
Each item should have face validity.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Hawthorne effect

B  sensitization

C  personal attribute effect

D  sleeper effects

A  Codebooks should be firm, and not allowed to evolve over time.

B  You could use established codes or generate your own.

C  Codes should capture as much detail as possible, at least initially.

D  Coding schemes should be appropriate to the theoretical concepts examined.

A  criterion

B  construct

C  content

D  face

A  using established measures

B  split-half method

C  Cronbach’s alpha

D  test-retest method

A  typically small samples mean that there is a problem with inferences and personal and personnel differences introduce problems with reliability

B  reliability and replicability problems raise questions about objectivity, typically small samples mean that there is a problem with inferences, and personal and personnel differences introduce problems with reliability

C  reliability and replicability problems raise questions about objectivity

D  personal and personnel differences introduce problems with reliability

A  truth

B  precision

C  reliability

D  validity

A  panel study

B  cohort study

C  cross-sectional study

D  trend study

A  richer in meaning

B  less explicit

C  easier to aggregate

D  less reliable

A  variable

B  observable

C  measurable

D  abstract

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  sampling procedures

B  statistical analysis

C  choice of observation method

D  data processing

A  evaluation

B  exploration

C  explanation

D  description

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  testability

B  generality

C  simplicity

D  originality

A  theory

B  bivariate conceptualization

C  hypothesis

D  value judgement

A  deductive and inductive

B  inductive

C  deductive

D  none of the above

A  Hawthorne effect

B  overgeneralization

C  ecological fallacy

D  illogical reasoning

A  positivism

B  post-modernism

C  empricism

D  realism

A  positivism

B  realism

C  empiricism

D  post-modernism

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  clear criteria for evaluation

B  ability to capture absolute truth about reality

C  systematic reduction of bias

D  audience appeal

A  tradition, intuition, and mysticism

B  intuition and mysticism

C  tradition