Module 7 Quiz

A  Erythropoietin

B  1,25(OH2) Vitamin D3

C  Antidiuretic hormone

D  Growth hormone

A  Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

B  Urine creatinine level

C  Serum creatinine level

D  Random urine output volume

A  nephron.

B  bladder.

C  lobule.

D  glomerulus.

A  Bone loss from decreased 1,25(OH2) vitamin D3 synthesis

B  Folate deficiency

C  Decreased iron absorption

D  Decreased erythropoietin synthesis

A  kidney; brain

B  adrenal gland; brain

C  kidney; adrenal gland

D  adrenal gland; kidney

A  Serum sodium and potassium, and arterial blood pH

B  Serum renin and erythropoietin

C  Serum creatinine, serum urea, serum uric acid, and creatinine clearance

D  Serum and urine protein

A  the C-terminal portion of the prepro-hormone natriuretic peptide (BNP).

B  degraded by circulating proteases to form the final form of BNP.

C  the N-terminal fragment of proBNP.

D  an isoenzyme that migrates separately from BNP on an electrophoresis.

A  immunoassay.

B  nephelometry.

C  HPLC.

D  serum electrophoresis.

A  Troponin

B  CK-2 (CKMB)

C  Myoglobin

D  Total CK

A  CK-2 (CK-MB)

B  Myoglobin

C  Troponins

D  hs-CRP

A  acute myocardial infarction.

B  congestive heart failure.

C  thrombolysis.

D  angina.

A  Cardiac troponin T

B  Ternary complex of T-I-C

C  Cardiac troponin C

D  Cardiac troponin I

A  Cellular involvement and clot formation

B  Release of tissue factor leading to coagulability

C  Increased concentration of circulating coagulation factors

D  Damage to the endothelium of cardiac blood vessels

A  increased UAE is highly predictive of and is thought to precede diabetic nephropathy and end-stage renal disease.

B  this indicates increased attachment of glucose to proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids that contribute to the microvascular complications of diabetes.

C  it assesses the long-term blood glucose concentration in a diabetic to monitor glucose control over an 8- to 12-week period.

D  UAE increase indicates increased glycation of serum albumin that forms fructosamine and leads to ketoacidosis.

A  increased urinary albumin excretion between the range of 20–200 µg/min that is measured by the laboratory in the chronic management of diabetes mellitus.

B  a long-lived glycated albumin molecule found in the urine of a type 2 diabetic and measured by the laboratory in the acute management of a diabetic.

C  an albumin molecule that is larger and less functional because of the effects of hyperglycemia that is measured by the laboratory in the clinical diagnosis of diabetes.

D  a large albumin molecule that is present only in urine and that is measured by the lab in preclinical screening for diabetes.

A  autoimmune reaction.

B  absolute deficiency of insulin.

C  genetic factors.

D  insulin resistance.

A  is often initially observed in an individual with ketoacidosis.

B  is associated with resistance to the action of insulin.

C  occurs less frequently than type 1 diabetes.

D  is also referred to as gestational diabetes.

A  hyperglycemia.

B  hyperinsulinemia.

C  hyperlipidemia.

D  decreased blood pH with increased ketone bodies.

A  The value must be ≥200 mg/dL glucose.

B  The value must remain within healthy glucose reference interval.

C  The value must be ≥500 mg/dL glucose.

D  The value must be ≥140 mg/dL glucose.

A  Consistent hyperglycemia after a 72-hour fast

B  Presence of ketones in urine on more than one occasion

C  Demonstration of elevated hemoglobin A1c

D  Demonstration of impaired glucose tolerance in the OGTT