Module 7 Quiz

A  Growth hormone

B  1,25(OH2) Vitamin D3

C  Antidiuretic hormone

D  Erythropoietin

A  Random urine output volume

B  Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

C  Serum creatinine level

D  Urine creatinine level

A  bladder.

B  glomerulus.

C  nephron.

D  lobule.

A  Bone loss from decreased 1,25(OH2) vitamin D3 synthesis

B  Decreased iron absorption

C  Folate deficiency

D  Decreased erythropoietin synthesis

A  adrenal gland; brain

B  kidney; adrenal gland

C  adrenal gland; kidney

D  kidney; brain

A  Serum creatinine, serum urea, serum uric acid, and creatinine clearance

B  Serum sodium and potassium, and arterial blood pH

C  Serum and urine protein

D  Serum renin and erythropoietin

A  the N-terminal fragment of proBNP.

B  degraded by circulating proteases to form the final form of BNP.

C  the C-terminal portion of the prepro-hormone natriuretic peptide (BNP).

D  an isoenzyme that migrates separately from BNP on an electrophoresis.

A  nephelometry.

B  HPLC.

C  serum electrophoresis.

D  immunoassay.

A  CK-2 (CKMB)

B  Myoglobin

C  Total CK

D  Troponin

A  CK-2 (CK-MB)

B  Troponins

C  Myoglobin

D  hs-CRP

A  thrombolysis.

B  acute myocardial infarction.

C  congestive heart failure.

D  angina.

A  Cardiac troponin I

B  Cardiac troponin C

C  Ternary complex of T-I-C

D  Cardiac troponin T

A  Damage to the endothelium of cardiac blood vessels

B  Cellular involvement and clot formation

C  Increased concentration of circulating coagulation factors

D  Release of tissue factor leading to coagulability

A  UAE increase indicates increased glycation of serum albumin that forms fructosamine and leads to ketoacidosis.

B  this indicates increased attachment of glucose to proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids that contribute to the microvascular complications of diabetes.

C  increased UAE is highly predictive of and is thought to precede diabetic nephropathy and end-stage renal disease.

D  it assesses the long-term blood glucose concentration in a diabetic to monitor glucose control over an 8- to 12-week period.

A  a large albumin molecule that is present only in urine and that is measured by the lab in preclinical screening for diabetes.

B  increased urinary albumin excretion between the range of 20–200 µg/min that is measured by the laboratory in the chronic management of diabetes mellitus.

C  an albumin molecule that is larger and less functional because of the effects of hyperglycemia that is measured by the laboratory in the clinical diagnosis of diabetes.

D  a long-lived glycated albumin molecule found in the urine of a type 2 diabetic and measured by the laboratory in the acute management of a diabetic.

A  insulin resistance.

B  genetic factors.

C  autoimmune reaction.

D  absolute deficiency of insulin.

A  is often initially observed in an individual with ketoacidosis.

B  occurs less frequently than type 1 diabetes.

C  is associated with resistance to the action of insulin.

D  is also referred to as gestational diabetes.

A  hyperlipidemia.

B  decreased blood pH with increased ketone bodies.

C  hyperglycemia.

D  hyperinsulinemia.

A  The value must be ≥500 mg/dL glucose.

B  The value must be ≥200 mg/dL glucose.

C  The value must be ≥140 mg/dL glucose.

D  The value must remain within healthy glucose reference interval.

A  Demonstration of elevated hemoglobin A1c

B  Presence of ketones in urine on more than one occasion

C  Demonstration of impaired glucose tolerance in the OGTT

D  Consistent hyperglycemia after a 72-hour fast