Exam 1

A  the media

B  sociobiology

C  sociobiology and heredity

D  heredity

A  females being treated with more leniency by police

B  females being suspected less for criminal behavior

C  females being suspected less for criminal behavior and male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

D  male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

A  maturation hypothesis

B  liberation hypothesis

C  frustration hypothesis

D  gender gap hypothesis

A  physical aggression

B  indirect aggression

C  social aggression

D  relational aggression

A  their appearance

B  their academic abilities

C  their relations with others

D  their athletic abilities

A  rational choice theory

B  deterrence and rational theory

C  feminist theory

D  deterrence theory

A  an individual from committing similar acts in the future

B  others from committing similar acts

C  individuals who are still in school from committing delinquent acts

D  all of the above apply

A  the responsibility and accountability is directly on him/her

B  the responsibility for such choices can never be fully understood

C  the responsibility is on both the individual and society

D  the responsibility of such choices can be blamed on society

A  criminal behaviors due to mental illness not detected in infancy

B  antisocial behaviors at an early age and persist through their entire life

C  delinquency during adolescence but do not go on to commit more crimes as adults

D  criminal behaviors throughout their adult years but were never delinquent as teens

A  children who are overly anxious about crime

B  programs that are focused on education

C  portraying delinquents as dangerous threats to social order

D  real-life delinquent activities as fun and entertaining

A  the youth’s relative position among other teenagers

B  level of educational attainment

C  personal health

D  religiosity

A  departs from more established and accepted criminological theories

B  is no longer important

C  conforms to the more accepted criminological theories

D  is accepted by all sociologists as a valid explanation of delinquency

A  idea that people from the same environment are motivated by different factors

B  suggestion that there is a difference between a deviant identity and deviant career

C  notion of a developmental process that precedes the attainment of a deviant or delinquent identity and career

D  view that delinquents eventually outgrow their deviancy and conform to the values of society

A  deviance cannot be seen

B  deviance, like beauty, exists in the eyes of the beholder

C  deviance really does not exist

D  deviance is the same to all

A  when the deviant act is committed by a person under the age of ten

B  when a deviant act is instigated by the parent

C  when an individual may commit a deviant act (or several deviant acts but does not internalize the deviant self-concept and continues to occupy the role of conformist

D  when an individual’s self-concept is altered and the deviant role is personally assumed

A  inadequate medical care in prison

B  special privileges should be given to special prisoners

C  the greater evil lies in the societal treatment, not in the original act

D  solitary confinement

A  the treatment of the offender that makes a hardened criminal out of the accidental or occasional one

B  the type of prison used to incarcerate convicted felons

C  the type of treatment used to incarcerate those convicted of misdemeanors

D  the privileges given to incarcerated individuals

A  causing a variety of activities

B  relative unimportance

C  a catalyst for eliciting future behavior of the prescribed kind

D  having no effect on future behavior

A  situations can cause serious consequences

B  situations are defined differently

C  when people define a situation as real, it becomes real in its consequences

D  no situation is ever the same

A  only social expectations

B  only social roles

C  only social status

D  social status, social roles, and social expectations

A  rejected the notion that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

B  supported the social control theorists’ explanations of juvenile delinquency

C  were not interested in delinquency

D  accepted the idea that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

A  They have a great deal of remorse

B  They have relatively weak social bonds and consequently feel little remorse for violations of generally accepted social standards

C  They have strong social bonds

D  They have absolutely no social bonds

A  occasionally free to “drift”

B  locked into a particular situation

C  an immoral person

D  unchanging

A  denial of harm

B  condemning the condemner

C  appeal to higher loyalties

D  denial of responsibility

A  applies only to juveniles

B  cannot be applied to juveniles

C  represents the ability of a person to resist temptations

D  does not vary among individuals

A  mental conflict and anxiety

B  pride and self-worth

C  membership in a street gang or participation in a criminal subculture

D  alienation and frustration

A  come from a hard-working background

B  they come from a wealthy background

C  they have a strong religious background

D  they have been rewarded for doing so

A  are ignored by most youth

B  have no effect on juveniles

C  can become viable role models for some youngsters

D  have no effect on females

A  can never become a law-abiding citizen

B  loses interest in society

C  slips into juvenile delinquency

D  will become a ward of the state

A  socialization

B  characterization

C  politicization

D  crystallization

A  Japanese

B  Cambodian

C  Chinese

D  Korean

A  in the rural outreaches of the city

B  in the suburbs

C  in jail

D  in areas adjacent to the central business district and to heavy industrial areas

A  not identifiable

B  uniform throughout the population

C  really not that important

D  not uniform throughout the population

A  retreatist-oriented gang

B  conflict-oriented gang

C  crime-oriented gang

D  rebellion-oriented gang

A  average boys.

B  the behavior of lower class juveniles

C  middle class juveniles

D  abused children

A  ritualism

B  rebellion

C  retreatism

D  centralism

A  ritualism

B  innovation

C  conformity

D  retreatism

A  arrest rates

B  local government

C  economic status

D  prevailing social conditions

A  the rules that restrain us from socially unacceptable acts can become weak or suspended

B  people will reach out to social institutions such as the family and religion in order to regain a sense of stability

C  the police and military must then take over in order to preserve social stability

D  suicide rates drop dramatically

A  are not unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

B  prefer not to comment on the causes of juvenile delinquency

C  are unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

D  neglect the causes of juvenile delinquency

A  adults, adolescents, children and juveniles

B  conduct disorder , diagnosis , and the later stages

C  bullies, victims, and interlopers

D  normal childhood behavior and boys will be boys

A  social indifference

B  deviant behavior

C  personality

D  normal behavior

A  totally ignored

B  subjected to intense scrutiny and criticism by subsequent investigators

C  accepted by most criminologists

D  adopted by all foreign scholars as definitive conclusions concerning the cause of criminal behavior

A  only further encourage juveniles to break the law, as well as to hide their behavior better

B  result in the elimination of the Juvenile court system altogether

C  not only encourage the reformation of offenders, but discourage criminality in the general populace

D  jam up the court system so much that most juvenile offenders would be adults before their case was heard in court

A  victims really do not care to answer the questions

B  victims have never filed any police complaint

C  victims are the only source of information

D  victims distrust surveys

A  divert the matter away from the court system

B  dismiss the case

C  let the parents handle the case

D  send the juvenile directly to juvenile detention or foster care

A  because of their seriousness, frequency of occurrence, and likelihood of being reported to the police

B  only because of the frequency of occurrence

C  only because of the likelihood of being reported to the police

D  only because of their seriousness

A  the average person believes it

B  it yields the same results upon repetition of the measuring procedure or repetition by other investigators

C  it produces results

D  it in fact measures whatever it is supposed to measure

A  outdated

B  prescriptive norms

C  negative norms

D  proscriptive norms

A  are prohibited for juveniles

B  are not illegal when done by adults

C  are referred to as status offenses

D  all of the above