Exam 1

A  heredity

B  the media

C  sociobiology

D  sociobiology and heredity

A  females being treated with more leniency by police

B  females being suspected less for criminal behavior

C  male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

D  females being suspected less for criminal behavior and male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

A  frustration hypothesis

B  gender gap hypothesis

C  maturation hypothesis

D  liberation hypothesis

A  relational aggression

B  social aggression

C  physical aggression

D  indirect aggression

A  their relations with others

B  their appearance

C  their athletic abilities

D  their academic abilities

A  deterrence theory

B  deterrence and rational theory

C  rational choice theory

D  feminist theory

A  others from committing similar acts

B  individuals who are still in school from committing delinquent acts

C  an individual from committing similar acts in the future

D  all of the above apply

A  the responsibility of such choices can be blamed on society

B  the responsibility for such choices can never be fully understood

C  the responsibility and accountability is directly on him/her

D  the responsibility is on both the individual and society

A  antisocial behaviors at an early age and persist through their entire life

B  delinquency during adolescence but do not go on to commit more crimes as adults

C  criminal behaviors due to mental illness not detected in infancy

D  criminal behaviors throughout their adult years but were never delinquent as teens

A  real-life delinquent activities as fun and entertaining

B  children who are overly anxious about crime

C  programs that are focused on education

D  portraying delinquents as dangerous threats to social order

A  the youth’s relative position among other teenagers

B  personal health

C  level of educational attainment

D  religiosity

A  is no longer important

B  is accepted by all sociologists as a valid explanation of delinquency

C  departs from more established and accepted criminological theories

D  conforms to the more accepted criminological theories

A  suggestion that there is a difference between a deviant identity and deviant career

B  notion of a developmental process that precedes the attainment of a deviant or delinquent identity and career

C  view that delinquents eventually outgrow their deviancy and conform to the values of society

D  idea that people from the same environment are motivated by different factors

A  deviance, like beauty, exists in the eyes of the beholder

B  deviance really does not exist

C  deviance cannot be seen

D  deviance is the same to all

A  when the deviant act is committed by a person under the age of ten

B  when an individual’s self-concept is altered and the deviant role is personally assumed

C  when an individual may commit a deviant act (or several deviant acts but does not internalize the deviant self-concept and continues to occupy the role of conformist

D  when a deviant act is instigated by the parent

A  the greater evil lies in the societal treatment, not in the original act

B  inadequate medical care in prison

C  solitary confinement

D  special privileges should be given to special prisoners

A  the type of treatment used to incarcerate those convicted of misdemeanors

B  the type of prison used to incarcerate convicted felons

C  the privileges given to incarcerated individuals

D  the treatment of the offender that makes a hardened criminal out of the accidental or occasional one

A  having no effect on future behavior

B  a catalyst for eliciting future behavior of the prescribed kind

C  causing a variety of activities

D  relative unimportance

A  situations are defined differently

B  when people define a situation as real, it becomes real in its consequences

C  situations can cause serious consequences

D  no situation is ever the same

A  social status, social roles, and social expectations

B  only social status

C  only social expectations

D  only social roles

A  supported the social control theorists’ explanations of juvenile delinquency

B  accepted the idea that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

C  were not interested in delinquency

D  rejected the notion that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

A  They have strong social bonds

B  They have relatively weak social bonds and consequently feel little remorse for violations of generally accepted social standards

C  They have a great deal of remorse

D  They have absolutely no social bonds

A  unchanging

B  locked into a particular situation

C  occasionally free to “drift”

D  an immoral person

A  denial of responsibility

B  condemning the condemner

C  denial of harm

D  appeal to higher loyalties

A  applies only to juveniles

B  does not vary among individuals

C  cannot be applied to juveniles

D  represents the ability of a person to resist temptations

A  alienation and frustration

B  pride and self-worth

C  membership in a street gang or participation in a criminal subculture

D  mental conflict and anxiety

A  they have a strong religious background

B  they come from a wealthy background

C  come from a hard-working background

D  they have been rewarded for doing so

A  have no effect on females

B  are ignored by most youth

C  have no effect on juveniles

D  can become viable role models for some youngsters

A  can never become a law-abiding citizen

B  slips into juvenile delinquency

C  will become a ward of the state

D  loses interest in society

A  politicization

B  crystallization

C  socialization

D  characterization

A  Korean

B  Chinese

C  Japanese

D  Cambodian

A  in the rural outreaches of the city

B  in the suburbs

C  in areas adjacent to the central business district and to heavy industrial areas

D  in jail

A  not identifiable

B  really not that important

C  not uniform throughout the population

D  uniform throughout the population

A  conflict-oriented gang

B  rebellion-oriented gang

C  retreatist-oriented gang

D  crime-oriented gang

A  abused children

B  the behavior of lower class juveniles

C  middle class juveniles

D  average boys.

A  rebellion

B  centralism

C  retreatism

D  ritualism

A  ritualism

B  retreatism

C  innovation

D  conformity

A  prevailing social conditions

B  local government

C  arrest rates

D  economic status

A  the police and military must then take over in order to preserve social stability

B  suicide rates drop dramatically

C  people will reach out to social institutions such as the family and religion in order to regain a sense of stability

D  the rules that restrain us from socially unacceptable acts can become weak or suspended

A  are unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

B  neglect the causes of juvenile delinquency

C  are not unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

D  prefer not to comment on the causes of juvenile delinquency

A  conduct disorder , diagnosis , and the later stages

B  adults, adolescents, children and juveniles

C  normal childhood behavior and boys will be boys

D  bullies, victims, and interlopers

A  deviant behavior

B  normal behavior

C  social indifference

D  personality

A  accepted by most criminologists

B  subjected to intense scrutiny and criticism by subsequent investigators

C  adopted by all foreign scholars as definitive conclusions concerning the cause of criminal behavior

D  totally ignored

A  jam up the court system so much that most juvenile offenders would be adults before their case was heard in court

B  not only encourage the reformation of offenders, but discourage criminality in the general populace

C  only further encourage juveniles to break the law, as well as to hide their behavior better

D  result in the elimination of the Juvenile court system altogether

A  victims really do not care to answer the questions

B  victims have never filed any police complaint

C  victims are the only source of information

D  victims distrust surveys

A  let the parents handle the case

B  divert the matter away from the court system

C  dismiss the case

D  send the juvenile directly to juvenile detention or foster care

A  only because of their seriousness

B  only because of the frequency of occurrence

C  because of their seriousness, frequency of occurrence, and likelihood of being reported to the police

D  only because of the likelihood of being reported to the police

A  it produces results

B  it in fact measures whatever it is supposed to measure

C  the average person believes it

D  it yields the same results upon repetition of the measuring procedure or repetition by other investigators

A  outdated

B  prescriptive norms

C  proscriptive norms

D  negative norms

A  are not illegal when done by adults

B  are referred to as status offenses

C  are prohibited for juveniles

D  all of the above