Exam 1

A  sociobiology

B  sociobiology and heredity

C  the media

D  heredity

A  females being treated with more leniency by police

B  females being suspected less for criminal behavior and male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

C  females being suspected less for criminal behavior

D  male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

A  gender gap hypothesis

B  maturation hypothesis

C  liberation hypothesis

D  frustration hypothesis

A  relational aggression

B  physical aggression

C  indirect aggression

D  social aggression

A  their appearance

B  their athletic abilities

C  their relations with others

D  their academic abilities

A  deterrence and rational theory

B  rational choice theory

C  deterrence theory

D  feminist theory

A  an individual from committing similar acts in the future

B  individuals who are still in school from committing delinquent acts

C  others from committing similar acts

D  all of the above apply

A  the responsibility of such choices can be blamed on society

B  the responsibility is on both the individual and society

C  the responsibility for such choices can never be fully understood

D  the responsibility and accountability is directly on him/her

A  delinquency during adolescence but do not go on to commit more crimes as adults

B  antisocial behaviors at an early age and persist through their entire life

C  criminal behaviors throughout their adult years but were never delinquent as teens

D  criminal behaviors due to mental illness not detected in infancy

A  portraying delinquents as dangerous threats to social order

B  children who are overly anxious about crime

C  programs that are focused on education

D  real-life delinquent activities as fun and entertaining

A  religiosity

B  the youth’s relative position among other teenagers

C  level of educational attainment

D  personal health

A  is accepted by all sociologists as a valid explanation of delinquency

B  conforms to the more accepted criminological theories

C  departs from more established and accepted criminological theories

D  is no longer important

A  suggestion that there is a difference between a deviant identity and deviant career

B  view that delinquents eventually outgrow their deviancy and conform to the values of society

C  idea that people from the same environment are motivated by different factors

D  notion of a developmental process that precedes the attainment of a deviant or delinquent identity and career

A  deviance really does not exist

B  deviance is the same to all

C  deviance cannot be seen

D  deviance, like beauty, exists in the eyes of the beholder

A  when an individual’s self-concept is altered and the deviant role is personally assumed

B  when a deviant act is instigated by the parent

C  when the deviant act is committed by a person under the age of ten

D  when an individual may commit a deviant act (or several deviant acts but does not internalize the deviant self-concept and continues to occupy the role of conformist

A  solitary confinement

B  special privileges should be given to special prisoners

C  the greater evil lies in the societal treatment, not in the original act

D  inadequate medical care in prison

A  the type of prison used to incarcerate convicted felons

B  the treatment of the offender that makes a hardened criminal out of the accidental or occasional one

C  the type of treatment used to incarcerate those convicted of misdemeanors

D  the privileges given to incarcerated individuals

A  causing a variety of activities

B  relative unimportance

C  having no effect on future behavior

D  a catalyst for eliciting future behavior of the prescribed kind

A  when people define a situation as real, it becomes real in its consequences

B  situations can cause serious consequences

C  situations are defined differently

D  no situation is ever the same

A  social status, social roles, and social expectations

B  only social roles

C  only social status

D  only social expectations

A  were not interested in delinquency

B  supported the social control theorists’ explanations of juvenile delinquency

C  accepted the idea that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

D  rejected the notion that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

A  They have absolutely no social bonds

B  They have strong social bonds

C  They have relatively weak social bonds and consequently feel little remorse for violations of generally accepted social standards

D  They have a great deal of remorse

A  occasionally free to “drift”

B  an immoral person

C  unchanging

D  locked into a particular situation

A  appeal to higher loyalties

B  denial of harm

C  condemning the condemner

D  denial of responsibility

A  does not vary among individuals

B  applies only to juveniles

C  represents the ability of a person to resist temptations

D  cannot be applied to juveniles

A  pride and self-worth

B  alienation and frustration

C  mental conflict and anxiety

D  membership in a street gang or participation in a criminal subculture

A  they come from a wealthy background

B  they have been rewarded for doing so

C  come from a hard-working background

D  they have a strong religious background

A  have no effect on females

B  have no effect on juveniles

C  are ignored by most youth

D  can become viable role models for some youngsters

A  will become a ward of the state

B  slips into juvenile delinquency

C  loses interest in society

D  can never become a law-abiding citizen

A  crystallization

B  socialization

C  characterization

D  politicization

A  Japanese

B  Chinese

C  Cambodian

D  Korean

A  in the suburbs

B  in the rural outreaches of the city

C  in jail

D  in areas adjacent to the central business district and to heavy industrial areas

A  not uniform throughout the population

B  not identifiable

C  really not that important

D  uniform throughout the population

A  rebellion-oriented gang

B  retreatist-oriented gang

C  crime-oriented gang

D  conflict-oriented gang

A  average boys.

B  the behavior of lower class juveniles

C  abused children

D  middle class juveniles

A  retreatism

B  rebellion

C  centralism

D  ritualism

A  innovation

B  ritualism

C  conformity

D  retreatism

A  local government

B  economic status

C  arrest rates

D  prevailing social conditions

A  the police and military must then take over in order to preserve social stability

B  suicide rates drop dramatically

C  the rules that restrain us from socially unacceptable acts can become weak or suspended

D  people will reach out to social institutions such as the family and religion in order to regain a sense of stability

A  prefer not to comment on the causes of juvenile delinquency

B  are not unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

C  neglect the causes of juvenile delinquency

D  are unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

A  normal childhood behavior and boys will be boys

B  adults, adolescents, children and juveniles

C  bullies, victims, and interlopers

D  conduct disorder , diagnosis , and the later stages

A  normal behavior

B  personality

C  social indifference

D  deviant behavior

A  adopted by all foreign scholars as definitive conclusions concerning the cause of criminal behavior

B  totally ignored

C  accepted by most criminologists

D  subjected to intense scrutiny and criticism by subsequent investigators

A  result in the elimination of the Juvenile court system altogether

B  jam up the court system so much that most juvenile offenders would be adults before their case was heard in court

C  only further encourage juveniles to break the law, as well as to hide their behavior better

D  not only encourage the reformation of offenders, but discourage criminality in the general populace

A  victims distrust surveys

B  victims are the only source of information

C  victims have never filed any police complaint

D  victims really do not care to answer the questions

A  let the parents handle the case

B  divert the matter away from the court system

C  send the juvenile directly to juvenile detention or foster care

D  dismiss the case

A  only because of the likelihood of being reported to the police

B  only because of their seriousness

C  only because of the frequency of occurrence

D  because of their seriousness, frequency of occurrence, and likelihood of being reported to the police

A  it yields the same results upon repetition of the measuring procedure or repetition by other investigators

B  it produces results

C  it in fact measures whatever it is supposed to measure

D  the average person believes it

A  outdated

B  prescriptive norms

C  proscriptive norms

D  negative norms

A  are prohibited for juveniles

B  are referred to as status offenses

C  are not illegal when done by adults

D  all of the above