Exam 1

A  sociobiology

B  heredity

C  sociobiology and heredity

D  the media

A  females being treated with more leniency by police

B  male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

C  females being suspected less for criminal behavior and male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

D  females being suspected less for criminal behavior

A  liberation hypothesis

B  maturation hypothesis

C  gender gap hypothesis

D  frustration hypothesis

A  indirect aggression

B  physical aggression

C  relational aggression

D  social aggression

A  their appearance

B  their academic abilities

C  their athletic abilities

D  their relations with others

A  deterrence and rational theory

B  rational choice theory

C  feminist theory

D  deterrence theory

A  others from committing similar acts

B  individuals who are still in school from committing delinquent acts

C  an individual from committing similar acts in the future

D  all of the above apply

A  the responsibility for such choices can never be fully understood

B  the responsibility of such choices can be blamed on society

C  the responsibility is on both the individual and society

D  the responsibility and accountability is directly on him/her

A  criminal behaviors due to mental illness not detected in infancy

B  antisocial behaviors at an early age and persist through their entire life

C  criminal behaviors throughout their adult years but were never delinquent as teens

D  delinquency during adolescence but do not go on to commit more crimes as adults

A  children who are overly anxious about crime

B  real-life delinquent activities as fun and entertaining

C  programs that are focused on education

D  portraying delinquents as dangerous threats to social order

A  personal health

B  level of educational attainment

C  the youth’s relative position among other teenagers

D  religiosity

A  conforms to the more accepted criminological theories

B  is no longer important

C  is accepted by all sociologists as a valid explanation of delinquency

D  departs from more established and accepted criminological theories

A  idea that people from the same environment are motivated by different factors

B  view that delinquents eventually outgrow their deviancy and conform to the values of society

C  suggestion that there is a difference between a deviant identity and deviant career

D  notion of a developmental process that precedes the attainment of a deviant or delinquent identity and career

A  deviance, like beauty, exists in the eyes of the beholder

B  deviance is the same to all

C  deviance really does not exist

D  deviance cannot be seen

A  when a deviant act is instigated by the parent

B  when the deviant act is committed by a person under the age of ten

C  when an individual’s self-concept is altered and the deviant role is personally assumed

D  when an individual may commit a deviant act (or several deviant acts but does not internalize the deviant self-concept and continues to occupy the role of conformist

A  special privileges should be given to special prisoners

B  inadequate medical care in prison

C  solitary confinement

D  the greater evil lies in the societal treatment, not in the original act

A  the privileges given to incarcerated individuals

B  the type of prison used to incarcerate convicted felons

C  the treatment of the offender that makes a hardened criminal out of the accidental or occasional one

D  the type of treatment used to incarcerate those convicted of misdemeanors

A  a catalyst for eliciting future behavior of the prescribed kind

B  causing a variety of activities

C  having no effect on future behavior

D  relative unimportance

A  when people define a situation as real, it becomes real in its consequences

B  situations can cause serious consequences

C  situations are defined differently

D  no situation is ever the same

A  only social status

B  only social expectations

C  only social roles

D  social status, social roles, and social expectations

A  rejected the notion that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

B  were not interested in delinquency

C  accepted the idea that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

D  supported the social control theorists’ explanations of juvenile delinquency

A  They have relatively weak social bonds and consequently feel little remorse for violations of generally accepted social standards

B  They have strong social bonds

C  They have absolutely no social bonds

D  They have a great deal of remorse

A  locked into a particular situation

B  an immoral person

C  unchanging

D  occasionally free to “drift”

A  denial of responsibility

B  denial of harm

C  appeal to higher loyalties

D  condemning the condemner

A  does not vary among individuals

B  represents the ability of a person to resist temptations

C  cannot be applied to juveniles

D  applies only to juveniles

A  mental conflict and anxiety

B  pride and self-worth

C  alienation and frustration

D  membership in a street gang or participation in a criminal subculture

A  they come from a wealthy background

B  they have a strong religious background

C  come from a hard-working background

D  they have been rewarded for doing so

A  have no effect on females

B  are ignored by most youth

C  have no effect on juveniles

D  can become viable role models for some youngsters

A  loses interest in society

B  can never become a law-abiding citizen

C  slips into juvenile delinquency

D  will become a ward of the state

A  characterization

B  socialization

C  politicization

D  crystallization

A  Korean

B  Chinese

C  Japanese

D  Cambodian

A  in areas adjacent to the central business district and to heavy industrial areas

B  in the suburbs

C  in jail

D  in the rural outreaches of the city

A  not identifiable

B  uniform throughout the population

C  not uniform throughout the population

D  really not that important

A  crime-oriented gang

B  rebellion-oriented gang

C  conflict-oriented gang

D  retreatist-oriented gang

A  average boys.

B  middle class juveniles

C  abused children

D  the behavior of lower class juveniles

A  centralism

B  ritualism

C  rebellion

D  retreatism

A  innovation

B  conformity

C  ritualism

D  retreatism

A  prevailing social conditions

B  arrest rates

C  local government

D  economic status

A  the rules that restrain us from socially unacceptable acts can become weak or suspended

B  the police and military must then take over in order to preserve social stability

C  suicide rates drop dramatically

D  people will reach out to social institutions such as the family and religion in order to regain a sense of stability

A  are unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

B  are not unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

C  neglect the causes of juvenile delinquency

D  prefer not to comment on the causes of juvenile delinquency

A  conduct disorder , diagnosis , and the later stages

B  adults, adolescents, children and juveniles

C  normal childhood behavior and boys will be boys

D  bullies, victims, and interlopers

A  deviant behavior

B  social indifference

C  personality

D  normal behavior

A  totally ignored

B  subjected to intense scrutiny and criticism by subsequent investigators

C  adopted by all foreign scholars as definitive conclusions concerning the cause of criminal behavior

D  accepted by most criminologists

A  result in the elimination of the Juvenile court system altogether

B  not only encourage the reformation of offenders, but discourage criminality in the general populace

C  only further encourage juveniles to break the law, as well as to hide their behavior better

D  jam up the court system so much that most juvenile offenders would be adults before their case was heard in court

A  victims have never filed any police complaint

B  victims are the only source of information

C  victims distrust surveys

D  victims really do not care to answer the questions

A  send the juvenile directly to juvenile detention or foster care

B  dismiss the case

C  divert the matter away from the court system

D  let the parents handle the case

A  only because of the likelihood of being reported to the police

B  because of their seriousness, frequency of occurrence, and likelihood of being reported to the police

C  only because of their seriousness

D  only because of the frequency of occurrence

A  it in fact measures whatever it is supposed to measure

B  the average person believes it

C  it produces results

D  it yields the same results upon repetition of the measuring procedure or repetition by other investigators

A  outdated

B  proscriptive norms

C  prescriptive norms

D  negative norms

A  are referred to as status offenses

B  are prohibited for juveniles

C  are not illegal when done by adults

D  all of the above