Exam 1

A  sociobiology and heredity

B  heredity

C  the media

D  sociobiology

A  male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

B  females being treated with more leniency by police

C  females being suspected less for criminal behavior

D  females being suspected less for criminal behavior and male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

A  frustration hypothesis

B  gender gap hypothesis

C  liberation hypothesis

D  maturation hypothesis

A  physical aggression

B  indirect aggression

C  social aggression

D  relational aggression

A  their relations with others

B  their academic abilities

C  their athletic abilities

D  their appearance

A  rational choice theory

B  deterrence theory

C  deterrence and rational theory

D  feminist theory

A  an individual from committing similar acts in the future

B  individuals who are still in school from committing delinquent acts

C  others from committing similar acts

D  all of the above apply

A  the responsibility and accountability is directly on him/her

B  the responsibility is on both the individual and society

C  the responsibility of such choices can be blamed on society

D  the responsibility for such choices can never be fully understood

A  criminal behaviors throughout their adult years but were never delinquent as teens

B  criminal behaviors due to mental illness not detected in infancy

C  antisocial behaviors at an early age and persist through their entire life

D  delinquency during adolescence but do not go on to commit more crimes as adults

A  real-life delinquent activities as fun and entertaining

B  children who are overly anxious about crime

C  programs that are focused on education

D  portraying delinquents as dangerous threats to social order

A  personal health

B  religiosity

C  level of educational attainment

D  the youth’s relative position among other teenagers

A  conforms to the more accepted criminological theories

B  departs from more established and accepted criminological theories

C  is accepted by all sociologists as a valid explanation of delinquency

D  is no longer important

A  view that delinquents eventually outgrow their deviancy and conform to the values of society

B  idea that people from the same environment are motivated by different factors

C  notion of a developmental process that precedes the attainment of a deviant or delinquent identity and career

D  suggestion that there is a difference between a deviant identity and deviant career

A  deviance, like beauty, exists in the eyes of the beholder

B  deviance is the same to all

C  deviance really does not exist

D  deviance cannot be seen

A  when an individual may commit a deviant act (or several deviant acts but does not internalize the deviant self-concept and continues to occupy the role of conformist

B  when an individual’s self-concept is altered and the deviant role is personally assumed

C  when the deviant act is committed by a person under the age of ten

D  when a deviant act is instigated by the parent

A  solitary confinement

B  inadequate medical care in prison

C  special privileges should be given to special prisoners

D  the greater evil lies in the societal treatment, not in the original act

A  the privileges given to incarcerated individuals

B  the treatment of the offender that makes a hardened criminal out of the accidental or occasional one

C  the type of prison used to incarcerate convicted felons

D  the type of treatment used to incarcerate those convicted of misdemeanors

A  a catalyst for eliciting future behavior of the prescribed kind

B  having no effect on future behavior

C  relative unimportance

D  causing a variety of activities

A  situations are defined differently

B  when people define a situation as real, it becomes real in its consequences

C  no situation is ever the same

D  situations can cause serious consequences

A  only social expectations

B  only social status

C  social status, social roles, and social expectations

D  only social roles

A  rejected the notion that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

B  supported the social control theorists’ explanations of juvenile delinquency

C  were not interested in delinquency

D  accepted the idea that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

A  They have a great deal of remorse

B  They have relatively weak social bonds and consequently feel little remorse for violations of generally accepted social standards

C  They have absolutely no social bonds

D  They have strong social bonds

A  occasionally free to “drift”

B  locked into a particular situation

C  unchanging

D  an immoral person

A  denial of responsibility

B  denial of harm

C  appeal to higher loyalties

D  condemning the condemner

A  applies only to juveniles

B  cannot be applied to juveniles

C  does not vary among individuals

D  represents the ability of a person to resist temptations

A  membership in a street gang or participation in a criminal subculture

B  pride and self-worth

C  mental conflict and anxiety

D  alienation and frustration

A  they have a strong religious background

B  they come from a wealthy background

C  come from a hard-working background

D  they have been rewarded for doing so

A  have no effect on juveniles

B  can become viable role models for some youngsters

C  have no effect on females

D  are ignored by most youth

A  loses interest in society

B  can never become a law-abiding citizen

C  slips into juvenile delinquency

D  will become a ward of the state

A  crystallization

B  politicization

C  socialization

D  characterization

A  Cambodian

B  Japanese

C  Korean

D  Chinese

A  in areas adjacent to the central business district and to heavy industrial areas

B  in the suburbs

C  in jail

D  in the rural outreaches of the city

A  really not that important

B  uniform throughout the population

C  not uniform throughout the population

D  not identifiable

A  rebellion-oriented gang

B  crime-oriented gang

C  conflict-oriented gang

D  retreatist-oriented gang

A  the behavior of lower class juveniles

B  middle class juveniles

C  average boys.

D  abused children

A  ritualism

B  retreatism

C  rebellion

D  centralism

A  innovation

B  conformity

C  ritualism

D  retreatism

A  arrest rates

B  local government

C  prevailing social conditions

D  economic status

A  suicide rates drop dramatically

B  people will reach out to social institutions such as the family and religion in order to regain a sense of stability

C  the police and military must then take over in order to preserve social stability

D  the rules that restrain us from socially unacceptable acts can become weak or suspended

A  prefer not to comment on the causes of juvenile delinquency

B  are not unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

C  neglect the causes of juvenile delinquency

D  are unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

A  adults, adolescents, children and juveniles

B  conduct disorder , diagnosis , and the later stages

C  normal childhood behavior and boys will be boys

D  bullies, victims, and interlopers

A  normal behavior

B  social indifference

C  personality

D  deviant behavior

A  adopted by all foreign scholars as definitive conclusions concerning the cause of criminal behavior

B  subjected to intense scrutiny and criticism by subsequent investigators

C  totally ignored

D  accepted by most criminologists

A  result in the elimination of the Juvenile court system altogether

B  only further encourage juveniles to break the law, as well as to hide their behavior better

C  not only encourage the reformation of offenders, but discourage criminality in the general populace

D  jam up the court system so much that most juvenile offenders would be adults before their case was heard in court

A  victims really do not care to answer the questions

B  victims have never filed any police complaint

C  victims are the only source of information

D  victims distrust surveys

A  let the parents handle the case

B  divert the matter away from the court system

C  dismiss the case

D  send the juvenile directly to juvenile detention or foster care

A  only because of the frequency of occurrence

B  only because of the likelihood of being reported to the police

C  because of their seriousness, frequency of occurrence, and likelihood of being reported to the police

D  only because of their seriousness

A  it yields the same results upon repetition of the measuring procedure or repetition by other investigators

B  the average person believes it

C  it produces results

D  it in fact measures whatever it is supposed to measure

A  outdated

B  prescriptive norms

C  proscriptive norms

D  negative norms

A  are not illegal when done by adults

B  are prohibited for juveniles

C  are referred to as status offenses

D  all of the above