Exam 1

A  sociobiology

B  heredity

C  sociobiology and heredity

D  the media

A  male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

B  females being treated with more leniency by police

C  females being suspected less for criminal behavior and male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

D  females being suspected less for criminal behavior

A  liberation hypothesis

B  maturation hypothesis

C  gender gap hypothesis

D  frustration hypothesis

A  indirect aggression

B  social aggression

C  relational aggression

D  physical aggression

A  their relations with others

B  their academic abilities

C  their appearance

D  their athletic abilities

A  deterrence theory

B  rational choice theory

C  deterrence and rational theory

D  feminist theory

A  an individual from committing similar acts in the future

B  others from committing similar acts

C  individuals who are still in school from committing delinquent acts

D  all of the above apply

A  the responsibility and accountability is directly on him/her

B  the responsibility is on both the individual and society

C  the responsibility for such choices can never be fully understood

D  the responsibility of such choices can be blamed on society

A  criminal behaviors throughout their adult years but were never delinquent as teens

B  delinquency during adolescence but do not go on to commit more crimes as adults

C  criminal behaviors due to mental illness not detected in infancy

D  antisocial behaviors at an early age and persist through their entire life

A  portraying delinquents as dangerous threats to social order

B  programs that are focused on education

C  children who are overly anxious about crime

D  real-life delinquent activities as fun and entertaining

A  the youth’s relative position among other teenagers

B  level of educational attainment

C  personal health

D  religiosity

A  is no longer important

B  is accepted by all sociologists as a valid explanation of delinquency

C  departs from more established and accepted criminological theories

D  conforms to the more accepted criminological theories

A  suggestion that there is a difference between a deviant identity and deviant career

B  notion of a developmental process that precedes the attainment of a deviant or delinquent identity and career

C  view that delinquents eventually outgrow their deviancy and conform to the values of society

D  idea that people from the same environment are motivated by different factors

A  deviance is the same to all

B  deviance really does not exist

C  deviance cannot be seen

D  deviance, like beauty, exists in the eyes of the beholder

A  when an individual’s self-concept is altered and the deviant role is personally assumed

B  when an individual may commit a deviant act (or several deviant acts but does not internalize the deviant self-concept and continues to occupy the role of conformist

C  when the deviant act is committed by a person under the age of ten

D  when a deviant act is instigated by the parent

A  the greater evil lies in the societal treatment, not in the original act

B  special privileges should be given to special prisoners

C  solitary confinement

D  inadequate medical care in prison

A  the privileges given to incarcerated individuals

B  the type of prison used to incarcerate convicted felons

C  the type of treatment used to incarcerate those convicted of misdemeanors

D  the treatment of the offender that makes a hardened criminal out of the accidental or occasional one

A  a catalyst for eliciting future behavior of the prescribed kind

B  relative unimportance

C  having no effect on future behavior

D  causing a variety of activities

A  when people define a situation as real, it becomes real in its consequences

B  no situation is ever the same

C  situations can cause serious consequences

D  situations are defined differently

A  only social status

B  only social expectations

C  social status, social roles, and social expectations

D  only social roles

A  rejected the notion that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

B  supported the social control theorists’ explanations of juvenile delinquency

C  accepted the idea that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

D  were not interested in delinquency

A  They have absolutely no social bonds

B  They have relatively weak social bonds and consequently feel little remorse for violations of generally accepted social standards

C  They have a great deal of remorse

D  They have strong social bonds

A  unchanging

B  occasionally free to “drift”

C  an immoral person

D  locked into a particular situation

A  condemning the condemner

B  denial of responsibility

C  appeal to higher loyalties

D  denial of harm

A  cannot be applied to juveniles

B  represents the ability of a person to resist temptations

C  applies only to juveniles

D  does not vary among individuals

A  mental conflict and anxiety

B  membership in a street gang or participation in a criminal subculture

C  pride and self-worth

D  alienation and frustration

A  they have a strong religious background

B  they come from a wealthy background

C  they have been rewarded for doing so

D  come from a hard-working background

A  can become viable role models for some youngsters

B  have no effect on females

C  have no effect on juveniles

D  are ignored by most youth

A  slips into juvenile delinquency

B  will become a ward of the state

C  can never become a law-abiding citizen

D  loses interest in society

A  crystallization

B  characterization

C  politicization

D  socialization

A  Cambodian

B  Japanese

C  Korean

D  Chinese

A  in areas adjacent to the central business district and to heavy industrial areas

B  in the suburbs

C  in the rural outreaches of the city

D  in jail

A  not uniform throughout the population

B  not identifiable

C  really not that important

D  uniform throughout the population

A  retreatist-oriented gang

B  crime-oriented gang

C  rebellion-oriented gang

D  conflict-oriented gang

A  the behavior of lower class juveniles

B  average boys.

C  abused children

D  middle class juveniles

A  rebellion

B  retreatism

C  ritualism

D  centralism

A  innovation

B  retreatism

C  ritualism

D  conformity

A  prevailing social conditions

B  arrest rates

C  local government

D  economic status

A  suicide rates drop dramatically

B  the police and military must then take over in order to preserve social stability

C  people will reach out to social institutions such as the family and religion in order to regain a sense of stability

D  the rules that restrain us from socially unacceptable acts can become weak or suspended

A  are not unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

B  are unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

C  prefer not to comment on the causes of juvenile delinquency

D  neglect the causes of juvenile delinquency

A  adults, adolescents, children and juveniles

B  conduct disorder , diagnosis , and the later stages

C  normal childhood behavior and boys will be boys

D  bullies, victims, and interlopers

A  personality

B  deviant behavior

C  social indifference

D  normal behavior

A  subjected to intense scrutiny and criticism by subsequent investigators

B  adopted by all foreign scholars as definitive conclusions concerning the cause of criminal behavior

C  accepted by most criminologists

D  totally ignored

A  not only encourage the reformation of offenders, but discourage criminality in the general populace

B  jam up the court system so much that most juvenile offenders would be adults before their case was heard in court

C  only further encourage juveniles to break the law, as well as to hide their behavior better

D  result in the elimination of the Juvenile court system altogether

A  victims really do not care to answer the questions

B  victims are the only source of information

C  victims have never filed any police complaint

D  victims distrust surveys

A  dismiss the case

B  let the parents handle the case

C  send the juvenile directly to juvenile detention or foster care

D  divert the matter away from the court system

A  because of their seriousness, frequency of occurrence, and likelihood of being reported to the police

B  only because of the frequency of occurrence

C  only because of their seriousness

D  only because of the likelihood of being reported to the police

A  it in fact measures whatever it is supposed to measure

B  the average person believes it

C  it produces results

D  it yields the same results upon repetition of the measuring procedure or repetition by other investigators

A  outdated

B  proscriptive norms

C  prescriptive norms

D  negative norms

A  are prohibited for juveniles

B  are not illegal when done by adults

C  are referred to as status offenses

D  all of the above