Exam 1

A  sociobiology and heredity

B  sociobiology

C  the media

D  heredity

A  females being suspected less for criminal behavior and male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

B  male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

C  females being suspected less for criminal behavior

D  females being treated with more leniency by police

A  liberation hypothesis

B  maturation hypothesis

C  frustration hypothesis

D  gender gap hypothesis

A  social aggression

B  indirect aggression

C  physical aggression

D  relational aggression

A  their academic abilities

B  their relations with others

C  their appearance

D  their athletic abilities

A  rational choice theory

B  deterrence theory

C  feminist theory

D  deterrence and rational theory

A  an individual from committing similar acts in the future

B  individuals who are still in school from committing delinquent acts

C  others from committing similar acts

D  all of the above apply

A  the responsibility of such choices can be blamed on society

B  the responsibility is on both the individual and society

C  the responsibility and accountability is directly on him/her

D  the responsibility for such choices can never be fully understood

A  antisocial behaviors at an early age and persist through their entire life

B  criminal behaviors due to mental illness not detected in infancy

C  criminal behaviors throughout their adult years but were never delinquent as teens

D  delinquency during adolescence but do not go on to commit more crimes as adults

A  real-life delinquent activities as fun and entertaining

B  portraying delinquents as dangerous threats to social order

C  programs that are focused on education

D  children who are overly anxious about crime

A  the youth’s relative position among other teenagers

B  religiosity

C  level of educational attainment

D  personal health

A  conforms to the more accepted criminological theories

B  is no longer important

C  is accepted by all sociologists as a valid explanation of delinquency

D  departs from more established and accepted criminological theories

A  suggestion that there is a difference between a deviant identity and deviant career

B  view that delinquents eventually outgrow their deviancy and conform to the values of society

C  notion of a developmental process that precedes the attainment of a deviant or delinquent identity and career

D  idea that people from the same environment are motivated by different factors

A  deviance is the same to all

B  deviance really does not exist

C  deviance cannot be seen

D  deviance, like beauty, exists in the eyes of the beholder

A  when a deviant act is instigated by the parent

B  when an individual’s self-concept is altered and the deviant role is personally assumed

C  when the deviant act is committed by a person under the age of ten

D  when an individual may commit a deviant act (or several deviant acts but does not internalize the deviant self-concept and continues to occupy the role of conformist

A  solitary confinement

B  inadequate medical care in prison

C  special privileges should be given to special prisoners

D  the greater evil lies in the societal treatment, not in the original act

A  the type of prison used to incarcerate convicted felons

B  the treatment of the offender that makes a hardened criminal out of the accidental or occasional one

C  the type of treatment used to incarcerate those convicted of misdemeanors

D  the privileges given to incarcerated individuals

A  causing a variety of activities

B  relative unimportance

C  having no effect on future behavior

D  a catalyst for eliciting future behavior of the prescribed kind

A  no situation is ever the same

B  situations are defined differently

C  when people define a situation as real, it becomes real in its consequences

D  situations can cause serious consequences

A  only social roles

B  social status, social roles, and social expectations

C  only social status

D  only social expectations

A  were not interested in delinquency

B  accepted the idea that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

C  supported the social control theorists’ explanations of juvenile delinquency

D  rejected the notion that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

A  They have a great deal of remorse

B  They have relatively weak social bonds and consequently feel little remorse for violations of generally accepted social standards

C  They have absolutely no social bonds

D  They have strong social bonds

A  locked into a particular situation

B  occasionally free to “drift”

C  unchanging

D  an immoral person

A  denial of harm

B  condemning the condemner

C  appeal to higher loyalties

D  denial of responsibility

A  represents the ability of a person to resist temptations

B  cannot be applied to juveniles

C  applies only to juveniles

D  does not vary among individuals

A  pride and self-worth

B  mental conflict and anxiety

C  alienation and frustration

D  membership in a street gang or participation in a criminal subculture

A  they have a strong religious background

B  they come from a wealthy background

C  come from a hard-working background

D  they have been rewarded for doing so

A  are ignored by most youth

B  have no effect on juveniles

C  have no effect on females

D  can become viable role models for some youngsters

A  will become a ward of the state

B  slips into juvenile delinquency

C  can never become a law-abiding citizen

D  loses interest in society

A  crystallization

B  politicization

C  characterization

D  socialization

A  Korean

B  Cambodian

C  Chinese

D  Japanese

A  in jail

B  in the rural outreaches of the city

C  in the suburbs

D  in areas adjacent to the central business district and to heavy industrial areas

A  really not that important

B  not uniform throughout the population

C  not identifiable

D  uniform throughout the population

A  conflict-oriented gang

B  crime-oriented gang

C  retreatist-oriented gang

D  rebellion-oriented gang

A  average boys.

B  abused children

C  the behavior of lower class juveniles

D  middle class juveniles

A  centralism

B  rebellion

C  retreatism

D  ritualism

A  retreatism

B  ritualism

C  conformity

D  innovation

A  prevailing social conditions

B  economic status

C  arrest rates

D  local government

A  the rules that restrain us from socially unacceptable acts can become weak or suspended

B  people will reach out to social institutions such as the family and religion in order to regain a sense of stability

C  suicide rates drop dramatically

D  the police and military must then take over in order to preserve social stability

A  neglect the causes of juvenile delinquency

B  prefer not to comment on the causes of juvenile delinquency

C  are unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

D  are not unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

A  normal childhood behavior and boys will be boys

B  adults, adolescents, children and juveniles

C  conduct disorder , diagnosis , and the later stages

D  bullies, victims, and interlopers

A  normal behavior

B  social indifference

C  deviant behavior

D  personality

A  subjected to intense scrutiny and criticism by subsequent investigators

B  adopted by all foreign scholars as definitive conclusions concerning the cause of criminal behavior

C  accepted by most criminologists

D  totally ignored

A  not only encourage the reformation of offenders, but discourage criminality in the general populace

B  only further encourage juveniles to break the law, as well as to hide their behavior better

C  result in the elimination of the Juvenile court system altogether

D  jam up the court system so much that most juvenile offenders would be adults before their case was heard in court

A  victims really do not care to answer the questions

B  victims have never filed any police complaint

C  victims are the only source of information

D  victims distrust surveys

A  dismiss the case

B  divert the matter away from the court system

C  send the juvenile directly to juvenile detention or foster care

D  let the parents handle the case

A  only because of their seriousness

B  only because of the frequency of occurrence

C  because of their seriousness, frequency of occurrence, and likelihood of being reported to the police

D  only because of the likelihood of being reported to the police

A  it yields the same results upon repetition of the measuring procedure or repetition by other investigators

B  it in fact measures whatever it is supposed to measure

C  the average person believes it

D  it produces results

A  proscriptive norms

B  prescriptive norms

C  negative norms

D  outdated

A  are referred to as status offenses

B  are prohibited for juveniles

C  are not illegal when done by adults

D  all of the above