Exam 1

A  the media

B  sociobiology and heredity

C  heredity

D  sociobiology

A  females being suspected less for criminal behavior and male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

B  females being suspected less for criminal behavior

C  females being treated with more leniency by police

D  male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

A  gender gap hypothesis

B  liberation hypothesis

C  frustration hypothesis

D  maturation hypothesis

A  social aggression

B  physical aggression

C  indirect aggression

D  relational aggression

A  their athletic abilities

B  their appearance

C  their relations with others

D  their academic abilities

A  feminist theory

B  rational choice theory

C  deterrence and rational theory

D  deterrence theory

A  an individual from committing similar acts in the future

B  others from committing similar acts

C  individuals who are still in school from committing delinquent acts

D  all of the above apply

A  the responsibility of such choices can be blamed on society

B  the responsibility is on both the individual and society

C  the responsibility and accountability is directly on him/her

D  the responsibility for such choices can never be fully understood

A  antisocial behaviors at an early age and persist through their entire life

B  delinquency during adolescence but do not go on to commit more crimes as adults

C  criminal behaviors throughout their adult years but were never delinquent as teens

D  criminal behaviors due to mental illness not detected in infancy

A  portraying delinquents as dangerous threats to social order

B  children who are overly anxious about crime

C  real-life delinquent activities as fun and entertaining

D  programs that are focused on education

A  religiosity

B  the youth’s relative position among other teenagers

C  level of educational attainment

D  personal health

A  departs from more established and accepted criminological theories

B  conforms to the more accepted criminological theories

C  is accepted by all sociologists as a valid explanation of delinquency

D  is no longer important

A  suggestion that there is a difference between a deviant identity and deviant career

B  idea that people from the same environment are motivated by different factors

C  view that delinquents eventually outgrow their deviancy and conform to the values of society

D  notion of a developmental process that precedes the attainment of a deviant or delinquent identity and career

A  deviance, like beauty, exists in the eyes of the beholder

B  deviance really does not exist

C  deviance cannot be seen

D  deviance is the same to all

A  when the deviant act is committed by a person under the age of ten

B  when a deviant act is instigated by the parent

C  when an individual may commit a deviant act (or several deviant acts but does not internalize the deviant self-concept and continues to occupy the role of conformist

D  when an individual’s self-concept is altered and the deviant role is personally assumed

A  special privileges should be given to special prisoners

B  the greater evil lies in the societal treatment, not in the original act

C  inadequate medical care in prison

D  solitary confinement

A  the type of treatment used to incarcerate those convicted of misdemeanors

B  the type of prison used to incarcerate convicted felons

C  the treatment of the offender that makes a hardened criminal out of the accidental or occasional one

D  the privileges given to incarcerated individuals

A  causing a variety of activities

B  having no effect on future behavior

C  a catalyst for eliciting future behavior of the prescribed kind

D  relative unimportance

A  situations can cause serious consequences

B  when people define a situation as real, it becomes real in its consequences

C  situations are defined differently

D  no situation is ever the same

A  social status, social roles, and social expectations

B  only social roles

C  only social expectations

D  only social status

A  rejected the notion that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

B  supported the social control theorists’ explanations of juvenile delinquency

C  accepted the idea that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

D  were not interested in delinquency

A  They have strong social bonds

B  They have absolutely no social bonds

C  They have a great deal of remorse

D  They have relatively weak social bonds and consequently feel little remorse for violations of generally accepted social standards

A  an immoral person

B  occasionally free to “drift”

C  unchanging

D  locked into a particular situation

A  denial of responsibility

B  condemning the condemner

C  appeal to higher loyalties

D  denial of harm

A  cannot be applied to juveniles

B  applies only to juveniles

C  does not vary among individuals

D  represents the ability of a person to resist temptations

A  membership in a street gang or participation in a criminal subculture

B  alienation and frustration

C  pride and self-worth

D  mental conflict and anxiety

A  they have been rewarded for doing so

B  come from a hard-working background

C  they have a strong religious background

D  they come from a wealthy background

A  have no effect on juveniles

B  can become viable role models for some youngsters

C  have no effect on females

D  are ignored by most youth

A  slips into juvenile delinquency

B  loses interest in society

C  will become a ward of the state

D  can never become a law-abiding citizen

A  politicization

B  crystallization

C  characterization

D  socialization

A  Korean

B  Cambodian

C  Japanese

D  Chinese

A  in the suburbs

B  in jail

C  in areas adjacent to the central business district and to heavy industrial areas

D  in the rural outreaches of the city

A  uniform throughout the population

B  not uniform throughout the population

C  not identifiable

D  really not that important

A  rebellion-oriented gang

B  retreatist-oriented gang

C  conflict-oriented gang

D  crime-oriented gang

A  the behavior of lower class juveniles

B  abused children

C  middle class juveniles

D  average boys.

A  ritualism

B  retreatism

C  centralism

D  rebellion

A  conformity

B  ritualism

C  innovation

D  retreatism

A  arrest rates

B  local government

C  prevailing social conditions

D  economic status

A  the rules that restrain us from socially unacceptable acts can become weak or suspended

B  suicide rates drop dramatically

C  the police and military must then take over in order to preserve social stability

D  people will reach out to social institutions such as the family and religion in order to regain a sense of stability

A  neglect the causes of juvenile delinquency

B  are not unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

C  are unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

D  prefer not to comment on the causes of juvenile delinquency

A  normal childhood behavior and boys will be boys

B  conduct disorder , diagnosis , and the later stages

C  bullies, victims, and interlopers

D  adults, adolescents, children and juveniles

A  normal behavior

B  deviant behavior

C  social indifference

D  personality

A  subjected to intense scrutiny and criticism by subsequent investigators

B  adopted by all foreign scholars as definitive conclusions concerning the cause of criminal behavior

C  accepted by most criminologists

D  totally ignored

A  not only encourage the reformation of offenders, but discourage criminality in the general populace

B  only further encourage juveniles to break the law, as well as to hide their behavior better

C  result in the elimination of the Juvenile court system altogether

D  jam up the court system so much that most juvenile offenders would be adults before their case was heard in court

A  victims really do not care to answer the questions

B  victims have never filed any police complaint

C  victims distrust surveys

D  victims are the only source of information

A  dismiss the case

B  send the juvenile directly to juvenile detention or foster care

C  let the parents handle the case

D  divert the matter away from the court system

A  because of their seriousness, frequency of occurrence, and likelihood of being reported to the police

B  only because of their seriousness

C  only because of the likelihood of being reported to the police

D  only because of the frequency of occurrence

A  it produces results

B  it yields the same results upon repetition of the measuring procedure or repetition by other investigators

C  it in fact measures whatever it is supposed to measure

D  the average person believes it

A  proscriptive norms

B  outdated

C  negative norms

D  prescriptive norms

A  are not illegal when done by adults

B  are referred to as status offenses

C  are prohibited for juveniles

D  all of the above