Exam 5

A  polyspermal

B  fertilization

C  trophoblast

D  polyspermy

A  It is a rather slow event of embryonic development.

B  It is a rather slow event of embryonic development involving consecutive cycles of cell division.

C  It involves consecutive cycles of cell division without cell growth and forms a blastula.

D  It forms a blastula.

E  It involves consecutive cycles of cell division without cell growth.

A  blastopore

B  epiblast

C  hypoblast

D  fertilization.

A  develop into connective tissue.

B  not develop if transplanted.

C  develop into epithelial tissue.

D  develop into muscle tissue.

E    

F  develop into both muscle and epithelial tissue.

A  a fusion of the egg and sperm membranes

B  hydrolytic enzymes are spilled from the acrosome

C  the binding of a sperm cell to the egg

D  a fast block to polyspermy

E  a slow block to polyspermy

A  the zona pellucida or vitelline layer to harden.

B  fast block polyspermy.

C  the embryo to embed into the uterus.

D  the sperm to bind to the egg membrane.

E  egg membrane depolarization.

A  to nourish the oocyte

B  to digest the jelly coat

C  to help propel the sperm toward the egg

D  to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell and to nourish the oocyte

E  to trigger the release of cortical granules

F  to trigger the release of cortical granules and to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell

A  slow

B  moderate

C  fast

D  constant

A  cleavage

B  fertilization

C  gastrulation

D  induction

E  specification

A  The animal pole cells undergo mitosis but not cytokinesis.

B  The blastomeres originate only in the vegetal pole.

C  The vegetal pole can have a higher concentration of yolk.

D  The posterior end of the embryo forms at the vegetal pole.

E  The polar bodies bud from this region

A  to trigger the release of cortical granules

B  to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell

C  to help propel the sperm toward the egg

D  to digest the jelly coat

E  to nourish the mitochondria of the sperm

A  is produced as a gradient & is required for cell-to-cell contact within the embryo.

B  is produced as a gradient & induces the differentiation of cells within the embryo.

C  induces blastulation of the developing embryo.

D  induces implantation of the embryo into the uterus of mammals.

E  that separates out cytoplasmic factors to their respective cells within the developing embryo.

A  primitive streak

B  blastopore

C  archenteron

D  point of sperm entry

E  blastocoel

A  fast block to polyspermy

B  the cortical reaction

C  the slow block to polyspermy

D  the entry of sperm DNA into the egg

E  the acrosomal reaction

A  V, III, IV, II, I

B  V, IV, II, III, I

C  III, V, II, IV, I

D  IV, V, I, III, II

E  IV, III, V, I, II

A  the fast block to polyspermy

B  the cortical reaction

C  both the cortical reaction and fast block to polyspermy

D  both the acrosomal and cortical reactions

E  the acrosomal reaction

A  the archenteron in a frog.

B  the lip of the blastopore in the frog.

C  the notochord in a mammal.

D  neural crest cells in a mammal.

E  polar bodies in a sea urchin.

A  heart and lungs

B  brain and spinal cord

C  reproductive organs

D  the blastocoel

E  digestive tract

A  cleavage

B  fertilization

C  gastrulation

D  induction

E  specification

A  allantois

B  chorion

C  yolk sac

D  amnion

E  trophoblast

A  migrate to many different regions of the body.

B  control the segmentation of somatic mesoderm.

C  form the overlying ectoderm.

D  form the notochord.

E  differentiate into the brain.

A  chromosome

B  blastopore

C  protostome

D  acrosome

A    

B  preformation and morphogenesis.

C  preformation and cell differentiation.

D  preformation and epigenesis.

E  cell division and differentiation.

F  differentiation and morphogenesis.

A  bird.

B  reptile.

C  fish.

D  frog.

E  placental mammal.

A  binding of sperm to egg membrane, acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, slow block to polyspermy, and then an increase in egg cytosolic calcium

B  acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, binding of sperm to egg membrane, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

C  binding of sperm to egg membrane, acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

D  acrosomal reaction, binding of sperm to egg membrane, fast block to polyspermy, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

E  acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, binding of sperm to egg membrane, slow block to polyspermy, and then an increase in egg cytosolic calcium

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Neural tube

B  Intestinal tract

C  Notochord

D  Archenteron

E  Epidermis

A  Epidermis

B  Notochord

C  Chorion

D  Archenteron

A  The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant.

B  Discovery of a group of embryonic cells in the dorsal lip that ultimately produce specific body structures. The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant. Identification of a morphogenic field in the dorsal lip of the blastopore of an early gastrula. Discovery of Spemann’s organizer.

C  Discovery of Spemann’s organizer.

D  Identification of a morphogenic field in the dorsal lip of the blastopore of an early gastrula. The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant.

E  Discovery of a group of embryonic cells in the dorsal lip that ultimately produce specific body structures.

A  cadherins

B  apical ectodermal ridge

C  zone of polarizing activity

D  HOX genes

E  Sonic hedgehog

A  Gastrulation

B  Neurulation

C  Organogenesis

D  Fertilization

E  Cleavage

A  extracellular matrix.

B  cytoskeleton.

C  transport proteins.

D  nucleus.

A  sea urchin

B  insect

C  amphibian

D  fish

E  bird

A  morphogenesis.

B  histogenesis.

C  preformation.

D  fertilization.

E  cell differentiation.

A  fertilization.

B  autonomous specification.

C  organogenesis.

D  polar cap fusion.

E  gastrulation.

A  preformation.

B  gastrulation

C  histogenesis.

D  hypoblast

A  proceeds by invagination and involution as cells roll over the dorsal lip of the blastopore.

B  produces a blastocoel displaced into the animal hemisphere.

C  occurs along the primitive streak in the animal hemisphere.

D  occurs within the inner cell mass that is embedded in the large amount of yolk.

E  is impossible because of the large amount of yolk in the egg.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  cell differentiation.

B  cell growth.

C  cell replication.

D  None of the choices are correct.

E  cell elasticity.

A  neurulation.

B  cleavage.

C  organogenesis.

D  fertilization.

E  gastrulation.

A  It maps the genes of an embryo.

B  It assesses the quality of a developing embryo.

C  It determines hereditable disorders in the embryo.

D  It determines the ultimate structure/function of a particular cell type during embryonic development.

E  It maps the proteins within a morphogenic field.

A  Acrosome

B  blastopore

A  blastopore

B  endometrium.

C  trophoblast.

D  archenteron.

E  blastocoel.

A  nuclei in a zygote.

B  nuclei in an early embryo.

C  cytoplasmic determinants in a zygote.

D  cytoplasmic determinants in an early embryo.

E  nuclei in an egg.

A  impedes the formation of a primitive streak.

B  prevents gastrulation.

C  can lead to unequal cleavage of cells in the animal pole compared to those in the vegetal pole.

D  is homogeneously arranged in the egg.

E  is concentrated at the animal pole.

A  somites.

B  the central nervous system.

C  cells that will form future pigment cells and certain facial bones.

D  the neural crest.

E  the archenteron.

A  fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, organogenesis, neurulation

B  fertilization, gastrulation, cleavage, neurulation, organogenesis

C  fertilization, gastrulation, cleavage, organogenesis, neurulation

D  fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, neurulation, organogenesis

E  fertilization, gastrulation, neurulation, cleavage, organogenesis

A  Both cells will develop abnormally.

B  Both cells will develop normally because amphibians are totipotent at this stage.

C  Both cells will die immediately.

D  Only the cell with the gray crescent will develop normally.

E  The cell with the entire gray crescent will die.