Exam 5

A  trophoblast

B  polyspermal

C  polyspermy

D  fertilization

A  It is a rather slow event of embryonic development involving consecutive cycles of cell division.

B  It involves consecutive cycles of cell division without cell growth.

C  It is a rather slow event of embryonic development.

D  It forms a blastula.

E  It involves consecutive cycles of cell division without cell growth and forms a blastula.

A  fertilization.

B  hypoblast

C  blastopore

D  epiblast

A  develop into muscle tissue.

B  develop into epithelial tissue.

C  develop into both muscle and epithelial tissue.

D  develop into connective tissue.

E    

F  not develop if transplanted.

A  a fast block to polyspermy

B  hydrolytic enzymes are spilled from the acrosome

C  a fusion of the egg and sperm membranes

D  the binding of a sperm cell to the egg

E  a slow block to polyspermy

A  fast block polyspermy.

B  the embryo to embed into the uterus.

C  the zona pellucida or vitelline layer to harden.

D  egg membrane depolarization.

E  the sperm to bind to the egg membrane.

A  to trigger the release of cortical granules

B  to trigger the release of cortical granules and to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell

C  to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell and to nourish the oocyte

D  to help propel the sperm toward the egg

E  to nourish the oocyte

F  to digest the jelly coat

A  slow

B  fast

C  moderate

D  constant

A  gastrulation

B  induction

C  specification

D  fertilization

E  cleavage

A  The polar bodies bud from this region

B  The animal pole cells undergo mitosis but not cytokinesis.

C  The blastomeres originate only in the vegetal pole.

D  The posterior end of the embryo forms at the vegetal pole.

E  The vegetal pole can have a higher concentration of yolk.

A  to digest the jelly coat

B  to nourish the mitochondria of the sperm

C  to trigger the release of cortical granules

D  to help propel the sperm toward the egg

E  to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell

A  is produced as a gradient & is required for cell-to-cell contact within the embryo.

B  that separates out cytoplasmic factors to their respective cells within the developing embryo.

C  induces implantation of the embryo into the uterus of mammals.

D  induces blastulation of the developing embryo.

E  is produced as a gradient & induces the differentiation of cells within the embryo.

A  primitive streak

B  blastocoel

C  archenteron

D  blastopore

E  point of sperm entry

A  the slow block to polyspermy

B  the entry of sperm DNA into the egg

C  fast block to polyspermy

D  the cortical reaction

E  the acrosomal reaction

A  V, IV, II, III, I

B  IV, V, I, III, II

C  V, III, IV, II, I

D  IV, III, V, I, II

E  III, V, II, IV, I

A  the fast block to polyspermy

B  both the cortical reaction and fast block to polyspermy

C  the cortical reaction

D  the acrosomal reaction

E  both the acrosomal and cortical reactions

A  the notochord in a mammal.

B  polar bodies in a sea urchin.

C  neural crest cells in a mammal.

D  the archenteron in a frog.

E  the lip of the blastopore in the frog.

A  reproductive organs

B  digestive tract

C  the blastocoel

D  heart and lungs

E  brain and spinal cord

A  specification

B  induction

C  fertilization

D  gastrulation

E  cleavage

A  trophoblast

B  chorion

C  allantois

D  amnion

E  yolk sac

A  form the notochord.

B  form the overlying ectoderm.

C  control the segmentation of somatic mesoderm.

D  migrate to many different regions of the body.

E  differentiate into the brain.

A  acrosome

B  protostome

C  chromosome

D  blastopore

A  cell division and differentiation.

B    

C  preformation and morphogenesis.

D  preformation and epigenesis.

E  differentiation and morphogenesis.

F  preformation and cell differentiation.

A  placental mammal.

B  frog.

C  reptile.

D  bird.

E  fish.

A  acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, binding of sperm to egg membrane, slow block to polyspermy, and then an increase in egg cytosolic calcium

B  binding of sperm to egg membrane, acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, slow block to polyspermy, and then an increase in egg cytosolic calcium

C  binding of sperm to egg membrane, acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

D  acrosomal reaction, binding of sperm to egg membrane, fast block to polyspermy, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

E  acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, binding of sperm to egg membrane, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Neural tube

B  Intestinal tract

C  Archenteron

D  Notochord

E  Epidermis

A  Archenteron

B  Notochord

C  Chorion

D  Epidermis

A  The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant.

B  Discovery of Spemann’s organizer.

C  Discovery of a group of embryonic cells in the dorsal lip that ultimately produce specific body structures. The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant. Identification of a morphogenic field in the dorsal lip of the blastopore of an early gastrula. Discovery of Spemann’s organizer.

D  Discovery of a group of embryonic cells in the dorsal lip that ultimately produce specific body structures.

E  Identification of a morphogenic field in the dorsal lip of the blastopore of an early gastrula. The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant.

A  cadherins

B  apical ectodermal ridge

C  Sonic hedgehog

D  zone of polarizing activity

E  HOX genes

A  Gastrulation

B  Organogenesis

C  Neurulation

D  Fertilization

E  Cleavage

A  extracellular matrix.

B  nucleus.

C  cytoskeleton.

D  transport proteins.

A  bird

B  fish

C  sea urchin

D  insect

E  amphibian

A  preformation.

B  cell differentiation.

C  morphogenesis.

D  fertilization.

E  histogenesis.

A  autonomous specification.

B  organogenesis.

C  fertilization.

D  polar cap fusion.

E  gastrulation.

A  histogenesis.

B  gastrulation

C  preformation.

D  hypoblast

A  produces a blastocoel displaced into the animal hemisphere.

B  proceeds by invagination and involution as cells roll over the dorsal lip of the blastopore.

C  occurs within the inner cell mass that is embedded in the large amount of yolk.

D  is impossible because of the large amount of yolk in the egg.

E  occurs along the primitive streak in the animal hemisphere.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  cell growth.

B  cell differentiation.

C  cell replication.

D  cell elasticity.

E  None of the choices are correct.

A  neurulation.

B  gastrulation.

C  organogenesis.

D  cleavage.

E  fertilization.

A  It maps the proteins within a morphogenic field.

B  It determines the ultimate structure/function of a particular cell type during embryonic development.

C  It assesses the quality of a developing embryo.

D  It determines hereditable disorders in the embryo.

E  It maps the genes of an embryo.

A  Acrosome

B  blastopore

A  blastopore

B  trophoblast.

C  blastocoel.

D  endometrium.

E  archenteron.

A  nuclei in an egg.

B  cytoplasmic determinants in an early embryo.

C  cytoplasmic determinants in a zygote.

D  nuclei in an early embryo.

E  nuclei in a zygote.

A  is concentrated at the animal pole.

B  prevents gastrulation.

C  impedes the formation of a primitive streak.

D  is homogeneously arranged in the egg.

E  can lead to unequal cleavage of cells in the animal pole compared to those in the vegetal pole.

A  somites.

B  the central nervous system.

C  cells that will form future pigment cells and certain facial bones.

D  the neural crest.

E  the archenteron.

A  fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, organogenesis, neurulation

B  fertilization, gastrulation, cleavage, neurulation, organogenesis

C  fertilization, gastrulation, cleavage, organogenesis, neurulation

D  fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, neurulation, organogenesis

E  fertilization, gastrulation, neurulation, cleavage, organogenesis

A  Only the cell with the gray crescent will develop normally.

B  Both cells will develop abnormally.

C  Both cells will develop normally because amphibians are totipotent at this stage.

D  Both cells will die immediately.

E  The cell with the entire gray crescent will die.