Exam 5

A  trophoblast

B  polyspermy

C  polyspermal

D  fertilization

A  It forms a blastula.

B  It involves consecutive cycles of cell division without cell growth and forms a blastula.

C  It involves consecutive cycles of cell division without cell growth.

D  It is a rather slow event of embryonic development involving consecutive cycles of cell division.

E  It is a rather slow event of embryonic development.

A  hypoblast

B  epiblast

C  fertilization.

D  blastopore

A  develop into epithelial tissue.

B    

C  develop into muscle tissue.

D  develop into connective tissue.

E  not develop if transplanted.

F  develop into both muscle and epithelial tissue.

A  a fusion of the egg and sperm membranes

B  a fast block to polyspermy

C  a slow block to polyspermy

D  hydrolytic enzymes are spilled from the acrosome

E  the binding of a sperm cell to the egg

A  the embryo to embed into the uterus.

B  the zona pellucida or vitelline layer to harden.

C  fast block polyspermy.

D  the sperm to bind to the egg membrane.

E  egg membrane depolarization.

A  to trigger the release of cortical granules and to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell

B  to digest the jelly coat

C  to help propel the sperm toward the egg

D  to nourish the oocyte

E  to trigger the release of cortical granules

F  to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell and to nourish the oocyte

A  constant

B  moderate

C  slow

D  fast

A  gastrulation

B  specification

C  fertilization

D  cleavage

E  induction

A  The animal pole cells undergo mitosis but not cytokinesis.

B  The posterior end of the embryo forms at the vegetal pole.

C  The polar bodies bud from this region

D  The vegetal pole can have a higher concentration of yolk.

E  The blastomeres originate only in the vegetal pole.

A  to trigger the release of cortical granules

B  to help propel the sperm toward the egg

C  to digest the jelly coat

D  to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell

E  to nourish the mitochondria of the sperm

A  induces implantation of the embryo into the uterus of mammals.

B  induces blastulation of the developing embryo.

C  is produced as a gradient & is required for cell-to-cell contact within the embryo.

D  that separates out cytoplasmic factors to their respective cells within the developing embryo.

E  is produced as a gradient & induces the differentiation of cells within the embryo.

A  point of sperm entry

B  archenteron

C  blastocoel

D  blastopore

E  primitive streak

A  fast block to polyspermy

B  the entry of sperm DNA into the egg

C  the cortical reaction

D  the slow block to polyspermy

E  the acrosomal reaction

A  V, III, IV, II, I

B  IV, III, V, I, II

C  III, V, II, IV, I

D  IV, V, I, III, II

E  V, IV, II, III, I

A  the cortical reaction

B  the acrosomal reaction

C  the fast block to polyspermy

D  both the acrosomal and cortical reactions

E  both the cortical reaction and fast block to polyspermy

A  neural crest cells in a mammal.

B  the lip of the blastopore in the frog.

C  the notochord in a mammal.

D  polar bodies in a sea urchin.

E  the archenteron in a frog.

A  reproductive organs

B  brain and spinal cord

C  heart and lungs

D  the blastocoel

E  digestive tract

A  cleavage

B  specification

C  induction

D  gastrulation

E  fertilization

A  yolk sac

B  trophoblast

C  amnion

D  allantois

E  chorion

A  migrate to many different regions of the body.

B  form the notochord.

C  differentiate into the brain.

D  control the segmentation of somatic mesoderm.

E  form the overlying ectoderm.

A  chromosome

B  blastopore

C  acrosome

D  protostome

A  preformation and morphogenesis.

B  differentiation and morphogenesis.

C  preformation and cell differentiation.

D    

E  preformation and epigenesis.

F  cell division and differentiation.

A  reptile.

B  frog.

C  bird.

D  fish.

E  placental mammal.

A  binding of sperm to egg membrane, acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

B  acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, binding of sperm to egg membrane, slow block to polyspermy, and then an increase in egg cytosolic calcium

C  acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, binding of sperm to egg membrane, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

D  binding of sperm to egg membrane, acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, slow block to polyspermy, and then an increase in egg cytosolic calcium

E  acrosomal reaction, binding of sperm to egg membrane, fast block to polyspermy, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Neural tube

B  Notochord

C  Archenteron

D  Intestinal tract

E  Epidermis

A  Chorion

B  Notochord

C  Epidermis

D  Archenteron

A  Discovery of a group of embryonic cells in the dorsal lip that ultimately produce specific body structures.

B  Discovery of a group of embryonic cells in the dorsal lip that ultimately produce specific body structures. The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant. Identification of a morphogenic field in the dorsal lip of the blastopore of an early gastrula. Discovery of Spemann’s organizer.

C  The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant.

D  Discovery of Spemann’s organizer.

E  Identification of a morphogenic field in the dorsal lip of the blastopore of an early gastrula. The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant.

A  HOX genes

B  cadherins

C  Sonic hedgehog

D  apical ectodermal ridge

E  zone of polarizing activity

A  Organogenesis

B  Fertilization

C  Neurulation

D  Gastrulation

E  Cleavage

A  extracellular matrix.

B  nucleus.

C  transport proteins.

D  cytoskeleton.

A  amphibian

B  sea urchin

C  bird

D  fish

E  insect

A  histogenesis.

B  cell differentiation.

C  fertilization.

D  preformation.

E  morphogenesis.

A  organogenesis.

B  gastrulation.

C  autonomous specification.

D  polar cap fusion.

E  fertilization.

A  histogenesis.

B  hypoblast

C  gastrulation

D  preformation.

A  occurs within the inner cell mass that is embedded in the large amount of yolk.

B  produces a blastocoel displaced into the animal hemisphere.

C  is impossible because of the large amount of yolk in the egg.

D  proceeds by invagination and involution as cells roll over the dorsal lip of the blastopore.

E  occurs along the primitive streak in the animal hemisphere.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  cell elasticity.

B  cell replication.

C  cell growth.

D  cell differentiation.

E  None of the choices are correct.

A  gastrulation.

B  cleavage.

C  organogenesis.

D  neurulation.

E  fertilization.

A  It maps the genes of an embryo.

B  It assesses the quality of a developing embryo.

C  It maps the proteins within a morphogenic field.

D  It determines hereditable disorders in the embryo.

E  It determines the ultimate structure/function of a particular cell type during embryonic development.

A  Acrosome

B  blastopore

A  blastopore

B  archenteron.

C  trophoblast.

D  endometrium.

E  blastocoel.

A  cytoplasmic determinants in a zygote.

B  nuclei in an early embryo.

C  nuclei in a zygote.

D  cytoplasmic determinants in an early embryo.

E  nuclei in an egg.

A  prevents gastrulation.

B  is concentrated at the animal pole.

C  can lead to unequal cleavage of cells in the animal pole compared to those in the vegetal pole.

D  is homogeneously arranged in the egg.

E  impedes the formation of a primitive streak.

A  cells that will form future pigment cells and certain facial bones.

B  the archenteron.

C  the neural crest.

D  somites.

E  the central nervous system.

A  fertilization, gastrulation, cleavage, neurulation, organogenesis

B  fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, organogenesis, neurulation

C  fertilization, gastrulation, neurulation, cleavage, organogenesis

D  fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, neurulation, organogenesis

E  fertilization, gastrulation, cleavage, organogenesis, neurulation

A  Both cells will develop normally because amphibians are totipotent at this stage.

B  Both cells will die immediately.

C  Both cells will develop abnormally.

D  The cell with the entire gray crescent will die.

E  Only the cell with the gray crescent will develop normally.