Exam 5

A  fertilization

B  polyspermy

C  trophoblast

D  polyspermal

A  It is a rather slow event of embryonic development involving consecutive cycles of cell division.

B  It is a rather slow event of embryonic development.

C  It involves consecutive cycles of cell division without cell growth.

D  It involves consecutive cycles of cell division without cell growth and forms a blastula.

E  It forms a blastula.

A  hypoblast

B  fertilization.

C  blastopore

D  epiblast

A  develop into both muscle and epithelial tissue.

B    

C  develop into muscle tissue.

D  develop into epithelial tissue.

E  develop into connective tissue.

F  not develop if transplanted.

A  a slow block to polyspermy

B  the binding of a sperm cell to the egg

C  hydrolytic enzymes are spilled from the acrosome

D  a fast block to polyspermy

E  a fusion of the egg and sperm membranes

A  egg membrane depolarization.

B  the embryo to embed into the uterus.

C  the zona pellucida or vitelline layer to harden.

D  fast block polyspermy.

E  the sperm to bind to the egg membrane.

A  to trigger the release of cortical granules

B  to trigger the release of cortical granules and to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell

C  to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell and to nourish the oocyte

D  to help propel the sperm toward the egg

E  to digest the jelly coat

F  to nourish the oocyte

A  constant

B  fast

C  moderate

D  slow

A  cleavage

B  gastrulation

C  induction

D  specification

E  fertilization

A  The posterior end of the embryo forms at the vegetal pole.

B  The vegetal pole can have a higher concentration of yolk.

C  The animal pole cells undergo mitosis but not cytokinesis.

D  The polar bodies bud from this region

E  The blastomeres originate only in the vegetal pole.

A  to nourish the mitochondria of the sperm

B  to digest the jelly coat

C  to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell

D  to trigger the release of cortical granules

E  to help propel the sperm toward the egg

A  induces implantation of the embryo into the uterus of mammals.

B  induces blastulation of the developing embryo.

C  is produced as a gradient & induces the differentiation of cells within the embryo.

D  that separates out cytoplasmic factors to their respective cells within the developing embryo.

E  is produced as a gradient & is required for cell-to-cell contact within the embryo.

A  primitive streak

B  blastocoel

C  archenteron

D  point of sperm entry

E  blastopore

A  the entry of sperm DNA into the egg

B  the slow block to polyspermy

C  the acrosomal reaction

D  fast block to polyspermy

E  the cortical reaction

A  IV, V, I, III, II

B  V, III, IV, II, I

C  V, IV, II, III, I

D  IV, III, V, I, II

E  III, V, II, IV, I

A  the cortical reaction

B  the acrosomal reaction

C  the fast block to polyspermy

D  both the acrosomal and cortical reactions

E  both the cortical reaction and fast block to polyspermy

A  polar bodies in a sea urchin.

B  neural crest cells in a mammal.

C  the notochord in a mammal.

D  the archenteron in a frog.

E  the lip of the blastopore in the frog.

A  digestive tract

B  heart and lungs

C  reproductive organs

D  the blastocoel

E  brain and spinal cord

A  induction

B  specification

C  cleavage

D  gastrulation

E  fertilization

A  trophoblast

B  yolk sac

C  allantois

D  chorion

E  amnion

A  form the overlying ectoderm.

B  form the notochord.

C  differentiate into the brain.

D  control the segmentation of somatic mesoderm.

E  migrate to many different regions of the body.

A  chromosome

B  protostome

C  acrosome

D  blastopore

A  cell division and differentiation.

B  preformation and morphogenesis.

C  preformation and epigenesis.

D  differentiation and morphogenesis.

E    

F  preformation and cell differentiation.

A  bird.

B  fish.

C  placental mammal.

D  frog.

E  reptile.

A  acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, binding of sperm to egg membrane, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

B  acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, binding of sperm to egg membrane, slow block to polyspermy, and then an increase in egg cytosolic calcium

C  acrosomal reaction, binding of sperm to egg membrane, fast block to polyspermy, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

D  binding of sperm to egg membrane, acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

E  binding of sperm to egg membrane, acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, slow block to polyspermy, and then an increase in egg cytosolic calcium

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Epidermis

B  Neural tube

C  Intestinal tract

D  Notochord

E  Archenteron

A  Epidermis

B  Archenteron

C  Notochord

D  Chorion

A  Discovery of a group of embryonic cells in the dorsal lip that ultimately produce specific body structures. The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant. Identification of a morphogenic field in the dorsal lip of the blastopore of an early gastrula. Discovery of Spemann’s organizer.

B  Discovery of a group of embryonic cells in the dorsal lip that ultimately produce specific body structures.

C  Identification of a morphogenic field in the dorsal lip of the blastopore of an early gastrula. The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant.

D  Discovery of Spemann’s organizer.

E  The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant.

A  HOX genes

B  cadherins

C  apical ectodermal ridge

D  Sonic hedgehog

E  zone of polarizing activity

A  Neurulation

B  Organogenesis

C  Cleavage

D  Gastrulation

E  Fertilization

A  extracellular matrix.

B  nucleus.

C  transport proteins.

D  cytoskeleton.

A  amphibian

B  bird

C  fish

D  insect

E  sea urchin

A  fertilization.

B  preformation.

C  histogenesis.

D  cell differentiation.

E  morphogenesis.

A  organogenesis.

B  gastrulation.

C  polar cap fusion.

D  fertilization.

E  autonomous specification.

A  hypoblast

B  histogenesis.

C  gastrulation

D  preformation.

A  proceeds by invagination and involution as cells roll over the dorsal lip of the blastopore.

B  occurs within the inner cell mass that is embedded in the large amount of yolk.

C  occurs along the primitive streak in the animal hemisphere.

D  produces a blastocoel displaced into the animal hemisphere.

E  is impossible because of the large amount of yolk in the egg.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  cell growth.

B  cell replication.

C  None of the choices are correct.

D  cell elasticity.

E  cell differentiation.

A  organogenesis.

B  cleavage.

C  neurulation.

D  fertilization.

E  gastrulation.

A  It maps the genes of an embryo.

B  It determines the ultimate structure/function of a particular cell type during embryonic development.

C  It assesses the quality of a developing embryo.

D  It determines hereditable disorders in the embryo.

E  It maps the proteins within a morphogenic field.

A  blastopore

B  Acrosome

A  endometrium.

B  archenteron.

C  blastocoel.

D  trophoblast.

E  blastopore

A  nuclei in an egg.

B  nuclei in a zygote.

C  cytoplasmic determinants in a zygote.

D  nuclei in an early embryo.

E  cytoplasmic determinants in an early embryo.

A  is concentrated at the animal pole.

B  prevents gastrulation.

C  is homogeneously arranged in the egg.

D  impedes the formation of a primitive streak.

E  can lead to unequal cleavage of cells in the animal pole compared to those in the vegetal pole.

A  cells that will form future pigment cells and certain facial bones.

B  the archenteron.

C  somites.

D  the neural crest.

E  the central nervous system.

A  fertilization, gastrulation, cleavage, neurulation, organogenesis

B  fertilization, gastrulation, cleavage, organogenesis, neurulation

C  fertilization, gastrulation, neurulation, cleavage, organogenesis

D  fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, neurulation, organogenesis

E  fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, organogenesis, neurulation

A  The cell with the entire gray crescent will die.

B  Both cells will develop normally because amphibians are totipotent at this stage.

C  Only the cell with the gray crescent will develop normally.

D  Both cells will develop abnormally.

E  Both cells will die immediately.