Exam 5

A  trophoblast

B  polyspermy

C  fertilization

D  polyspermal

A  It forms a blastula.

B  It involves consecutive cycles of cell division without cell growth and forms a blastula.

C  It is a rather slow event of embryonic development.

D  It involves consecutive cycles of cell division without cell growth.

E  It is a rather slow event of embryonic development involving consecutive cycles of cell division.

A  fertilization.

B  blastopore

C  epiblast

D  hypoblast

A  develop into muscle tissue.

B    

C  not develop if transplanted.

D  develop into both muscle and epithelial tissue.

E  develop into epithelial tissue.

F  develop into connective tissue.

A  a slow block to polyspermy

B  the binding of a sperm cell to the egg

C  a fusion of the egg and sperm membranes

D  hydrolytic enzymes are spilled from the acrosome

E  a fast block to polyspermy

A  fast block polyspermy.

B  the embryo to embed into the uterus.

C  the zona pellucida or vitelline layer to harden.

D  the sperm to bind to the egg membrane.

E  egg membrane depolarization.

A  to help propel the sperm toward the egg

B  to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell and to nourish the oocyte

C  to digest the jelly coat

D  to trigger the release of cortical granules and to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell

E  to trigger the release of cortical granules

F  to nourish the oocyte

A  constant

B  moderate

C  slow

D  fast

A  specification

B  cleavage

C  fertilization

D  gastrulation

E  induction

A  The animal pole cells undergo mitosis but not cytokinesis.

B  The posterior end of the embryo forms at the vegetal pole.

C  The blastomeres originate only in the vegetal pole.

D  The polar bodies bud from this region

E  The vegetal pole can have a higher concentration of yolk.

A  to nourish the mitochondria of the sperm

B  to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell

C  to digest the jelly coat

D  to help propel the sperm toward the egg

E  to trigger the release of cortical granules

A  induces blastulation of the developing embryo.

B  induces implantation of the embryo into the uterus of mammals.

C  is produced as a gradient & induces the differentiation of cells within the embryo.

D  is produced as a gradient & is required for cell-to-cell contact within the embryo.

E  that separates out cytoplasmic factors to their respective cells within the developing embryo.

A  primitive streak

B  point of sperm entry

C  blastopore

D  blastocoel

E  archenteron

A  the cortical reaction

B  fast block to polyspermy

C  the slow block to polyspermy

D  the acrosomal reaction

E  the entry of sperm DNA into the egg

A  V, IV, II, III, I

B  V, III, IV, II, I

C  IV, V, I, III, II

D  IV, III, V, I, II

E  III, V, II, IV, I

A  both the acrosomal and cortical reactions

B  both the cortical reaction and fast block to polyspermy

C  the cortical reaction

D  the fast block to polyspermy

E  the acrosomal reaction

A  neural crest cells in a mammal.

B  polar bodies in a sea urchin.

C  the notochord in a mammal.

D  the archenteron in a frog.

E  the lip of the blastopore in the frog.

A  heart and lungs

B  digestive tract

C  the blastocoel

D  reproductive organs

E  brain and spinal cord

A  fertilization

B  induction

C  specification

D  gastrulation

E  cleavage

A  trophoblast

B  amnion

C  chorion

D  yolk sac

E  allantois

A  control the segmentation of somatic mesoderm.

B  form the overlying ectoderm.

C  differentiate into the brain.

D  migrate to many different regions of the body.

E  form the notochord.

A  blastopore

B  protostome

C  acrosome

D  chromosome

A    

B  preformation and morphogenesis.

C  preformation and cell differentiation.

D  cell division and differentiation.

E  preformation and epigenesis.

F  differentiation and morphogenesis.

A  bird.

B  reptile.

C  frog.

D  fish.

E  placental mammal.

A  binding of sperm to egg membrane, acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, slow block to polyspermy, and then an increase in egg cytosolic calcium

B  acrosomal reaction, binding of sperm to egg membrane, fast block to polyspermy, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

C  acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, binding of sperm to egg membrane, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

D  acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, binding of sperm to egg membrane, slow block to polyspermy, and then an increase in egg cytosolic calcium

E  binding of sperm to egg membrane, acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Epidermis

B  Intestinal tract

C  Neural tube

D  Archenteron

E  Notochord

A  Chorion

B  Notochord

C  Epidermis

D  Archenteron

A  Discovery of Spemann’s organizer.

B  The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant.

C  Discovery of a group of embryonic cells in the dorsal lip that ultimately produce specific body structures.

D  Identification of a morphogenic field in the dorsal lip of the blastopore of an early gastrula. The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant.

E  Discovery of a group of embryonic cells in the dorsal lip that ultimately produce specific body structures. The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant. Identification of a morphogenic field in the dorsal lip of the blastopore of an early gastrula. Discovery of Spemann’s organizer.

A  Sonic hedgehog

B  cadherins

C  HOX genes

D  apical ectodermal ridge

E  zone of polarizing activity

A  Neurulation

B  Fertilization

C  Organogenesis

D  Gastrulation

E  Cleavage

A  nucleus.

B  cytoskeleton.

C  extracellular matrix.

D  transport proteins.

A  bird

B  fish

C  amphibian

D  sea urchin

E  insect

A  preformation.

B  morphogenesis.

C  fertilization.

D  histogenesis.

E  cell differentiation.

A  gastrulation.

B  fertilization.

C  organogenesis.

D  polar cap fusion.

E  autonomous specification.

A  histogenesis.

B  gastrulation

C  preformation.

D  hypoblast

A  occurs along the primitive streak in the animal hemisphere.

B  proceeds by invagination and involution as cells roll over the dorsal lip of the blastopore.

C  produces a blastocoel displaced into the animal hemisphere.

D  occurs within the inner cell mass that is embedded in the large amount of yolk.

E  is impossible because of the large amount of yolk in the egg.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  cell differentiation.

B  None of the choices are correct.

C  cell elasticity.

D  cell replication.

E  cell growth.

A  gastrulation.

B  cleavage.

C  neurulation.

D  organogenesis.

E  fertilization.

A  It assesses the quality of a developing embryo.

B  It maps the genes of an embryo.

C  It maps the proteins within a morphogenic field.

D  It determines the ultimate structure/function of a particular cell type during embryonic development.

E  It determines hereditable disorders in the embryo.

A  Acrosome

B  blastopore

A  blastocoel.

B  endometrium.

C  trophoblast.

D  archenteron.

E  blastopore

A  cytoplasmic determinants in an early embryo.

B  nuclei in an egg.

C  cytoplasmic determinants in a zygote.

D  nuclei in an early embryo.

E  nuclei in a zygote.

A  can lead to unequal cleavage of cells in the animal pole compared to those in the vegetal pole.

B  impedes the formation of a primitive streak.

C  is homogeneously arranged in the egg.

D  prevents gastrulation.

E  is concentrated at the animal pole.

A  the archenteron.

B  somites.

C  the central nervous system.

D  the neural crest.

E  cells that will form future pigment cells and certain facial bones.

A  fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, neurulation, organogenesis

B  fertilization, gastrulation, cleavage, organogenesis, neurulation

C  fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, organogenesis, neurulation

D  fertilization, gastrulation, cleavage, neurulation, organogenesis

E  fertilization, gastrulation, neurulation, cleavage, organogenesis

A  Only the cell with the gray crescent will develop normally.

B  The cell with the entire gray crescent will die.

C  Both cells will die immediately.

D  Both cells will develop normally because amphibians are totipotent at this stage.

E  Both cells will develop abnormally.