Exam 5

A  fertilization

B  trophoblast

C  polyspermy

D  polyspermal

A  It forms a blastula.

B  It is a rather slow event of embryonic development involving consecutive cycles of cell division.

C  It involves consecutive cycles of cell division without cell growth.

D  It involves consecutive cycles of cell division without cell growth and forms a blastula.

E  It is a rather slow event of embryonic development.

A  fertilization.

B  blastopore

C  epiblast

D  hypoblast

A  develop into connective tissue.

B  not develop if transplanted.

C  develop into epithelial tissue.

D  develop into both muscle and epithelial tissue.

E  develop into muscle tissue.

F    

A  a fast block to polyspermy

B  the binding of a sperm cell to the egg

C  hydrolytic enzymes are spilled from the acrosome

D  a fusion of the egg and sperm membranes

E  a slow block to polyspermy

A  the embryo to embed into the uterus.

B  the zona pellucida or vitelline layer to harden.

C  fast block polyspermy.

D  egg membrane depolarization.

E  the sperm to bind to the egg membrane.

A  to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell and to nourish the oocyte

B  to digest the jelly coat

C  to nourish the oocyte

D  to trigger the release of cortical granules

E  to trigger the release of cortical granules and to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell

F  to help propel the sperm toward the egg

A  slow

B  fast

C  constant

D  moderate

A  gastrulation

B  cleavage

C  specification

D  induction

E  fertilization

A  The blastomeres originate only in the vegetal pole.

B  The vegetal pole can have a higher concentration of yolk.

C  The polar bodies bud from this region

D  The animal pole cells undergo mitosis but not cytokinesis.

E  The posterior end of the embryo forms at the vegetal pole.

A  to help propel the sperm toward the egg

B  to trigger the release of cortical granules

C  to nourish the mitochondria of the sperm

D  to digest the jelly coat

E  to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell

A  is produced as a gradient & is required for cell-to-cell contact within the embryo.

B  induces blastulation of the developing embryo.

C  that separates out cytoplasmic factors to their respective cells within the developing embryo.

D  is produced as a gradient & induces the differentiation of cells within the embryo.

E  induces implantation of the embryo into the uterus of mammals.

A  point of sperm entry

B  archenteron

C  primitive streak

D  blastopore

E  blastocoel

A  fast block to polyspermy

B  the slow block to polyspermy

C  the acrosomal reaction

D  the entry of sperm DNA into the egg

E  the cortical reaction

A  V, IV, II, III, I

B  V, III, IV, II, I

C  IV, V, I, III, II

D  IV, III, V, I, II

E  III, V, II, IV, I

A  both the cortical reaction and fast block to polyspermy

B  both the acrosomal and cortical reactions

C  the fast block to polyspermy

D  the acrosomal reaction

E  the cortical reaction

A  polar bodies in a sea urchin.

B  the notochord in a mammal.

C  the lip of the blastopore in the frog.

D  neural crest cells in a mammal.

E  the archenteron in a frog.

A  brain and spinal cord

B  digestive tract

C  heart and lungs

D  the blastocoel

E  reproductive organs

A  induction

B  specification

C  fertilization

D  cleavage

E  gastrulation

A  chorion

B  amnion

C  allantois

D  trophoblast

E  yolk sac

A  form the overlying ectoderm.

B  differentiate into the brain.

C  control the segmentation of somatic mesoderm.

D  migrate to many different regions of the body.

E  form the notochord.

A  acrosome

B  chromosome

C  protostome

D  blastopore

A  preformation and epigenesis.

B    

C  preformation and morphogenesis.

D  cell division and differentiation.

E  differentiation and morphogenesis.

F  preformation and cell differentiation.

A  fish.

B  bird.

C  frog.

D  reptile.

E  placental mammal.

A  binding of sperm to egg membrane, acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, slow block to polyspermy, and then an increase in egg cytosolic calcium

B  acrosomal reaction, binding of sperm to egg membrane, fast block to polyspermy, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

C  acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, binding of sperm to egg membrane, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

D  acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, binding of sperm to egg membrane, slow block to polyspermy, and then an increase in egg cytosolic calcium

E  binding of sperm to egg membrane, acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Intestinal tract

B  Archenteron

C  Neural tube

D  Epidermis

E  Notochord

A  Chorion

B  Epidermis

C  Archenteron

D  Notochord

A  Identification of a morphogenic field in the dorsal lip of the blastopore of an early gastrula. The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant.

B  Discovery of a group of embryonic cells in the dorsal lip that ultimately produce specific body structures.

C  Discovery of Spemann’s organizer.

D  The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant.

E  Discovery of a group of embryonic cells in the dorsal lip that ultimately produce specific body structures. The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant. Identification of a morphogenic field in the dorsal lip of the blastopore of an early gastrula. Discovery of Spemann’s organizer.

A  HOX genes

B  Sonic hedgehog

C  cadherins

D  apical ectodermal ridge

E  zone of polarizing activity

A  Cleavage

B  Gastrulation

C  Fertilization

D  Organogenesis

E  Neurulation

A  cytoskeleton.

B  extracellular matrix.

C  transport proteins.

D  nucleus.

A  amphibian

B  fish

C  bird

D  sea urchin

E  insect

A  morphogenesis.

B  histogenesis.

C  preformation.

D  fertilization.

E  cell differentiation.

A  autonomous specification.

B  gastrulation.

C  polar cap fusion.

D  fertilization.

E  organogenesis.

A  gastrulation

B  histogenesis.

C  preformation.

D  hypoblast

A  is impossible because of the large amount of yolk in the egg.

B  produces a blastocoel displaced into the animal hemisphere.

C  occurs within the inner cell mass that is embedded in the large amount of yolk.

D  proceeds by invagination and involution as cells roll over the dorsal lip of the blastopore.

E  occurs along the primitive streak in the animal hemisphere.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  cell replication.

B  cell differentiation.

C  cell elasticity.

D  cell growth.

E  None of the choices are correct.

A  fertilization.

B  neurulation.

C  organogenesis.

D  gastrulation.

E  cleavage.

A  It maps the proteins within a morphogenic field.

B  It maps the genes of an embryo.

C  It determines the ultimate structure/function of a particular cell type during embryonic development.

D  It determines hereditable disorders in the embryo.

E  It assesses the quality of a developing embryo.

A  blastopore

B  Acrosome

A  endometrium.

B  blastopore

C  trophoblast.

D  blastocoel.

E  archenteron.

A  nuclei in an egg.

B  cytoplasmic determinants in an early embryo.

C  nuclei in an early embryo.

D  cytoplasmic determinants in a zygote.

E  nuclei in a zygote.

A  is homogeneously arranged in the egg.

B  impedes the formation of a primitive streak.

C  prevents gastrulation.

D  can lead to unequal cleavage of cells in the animal pole compared to those in the vegetal pole.

E  is concentrated at the animal pole.

A  the neural crest.

B  cells that will form future pigment cells and certain facial bones.

C  the central nervous system.

D  somites.

E  the archenteron.

A  fertilization, gastrulation, cleavage, neurulation, organogenesis

B  fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, organogenesis, neurulation

C  fertilization, gastrulation, cleavage, organogenesis, neurulation

D  fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, neurulation, organogenesis

E  fertilization, gastrulation, neurulation, cleavage, organogenesis

A  Only the cell with the gray crescent will develop normally.

B  Both cells will develop abnormally.

C  Both cells will develop normally because amphibians are totipotent at this stage.

D  Both cells will die immediately.

E  The cell with the entire gray crescent will die.