Exam 5

A  trophoblast

B  polyspermy

C  fertilization

D  polyspermal

A  It is a rather slow event of embryonic development involving consecutive cycles of cell division.

B  It involves consecutive cycles of cell division without cell growth and forms a blastula.

C  It is a rather slow event of embryonic development.

D  It involves consecutive cycles of cell division without cell growth.

E  It forms a blastula.

A  hypoblast

B  fertilization.

C  epiblast

D  blastopore

A  develop into connective tissue.

B  develop into epithelial tissue.

C  not develop if transplanted.

D  develop into both muscle and epithelial tissue.

E  develop into muscle tissue.

F    

A  a fusion of the egg and sperm membranes

B  a fast block to polyspermy

C  the binding of a sperm cell to the egg

D  a slow block to polyspermy

E  hydrolytic enzymes are spilled from the acrosome

A  egg membrane depolarization.

B  the zona pellucida or vitelline layer to harden.

C  fast block polyspermy.

D  the embryo to embed into the uterus.

E  the sperm to bind to the egg membrane.

A  to help propel the sperm toward the egg

B  to trigger the release of cortical granules and to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell

C  to nourish the oocyte

D  to digest the jelly coat

E  to trigger the release of cortical granules

F  to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell and to nourish the oocyte

A  constant

B  moderate

C  fast

D  slow

A  cleavage

B  fertilization

C  gastrulation

D  specification

E  induction

A  The polar bodies bud from this region

B  The vegetal pole can have a higher concentration of yolk.

C  The posterior end of the embryo forms at the vegetal pole.

D  The animal pole cells undergo mitosis but not cytokinesis.

E  The blastomeres originate only in the vegetal pole.

A  to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell

B  to trigger the release of cortical granules

C  to help propel the sperm toward the egg

D  to digest the jelly coat

E  to nourish the mitochondria of the sperm

A  induces implantation of the embryo into the uterus of mammals.

B  is produced as a gradient & is required for cell-to-cell contact within the embryo.

C  is produced as a gradient & induces the differentiation of cells within the embryo.

D  induces blastulation of the developing embryo.

E  that separates out cytoplasmic factors to their respective cells within the developing embryo.

A  blastocoel

B  blastopore

C  archenteron

D  primitive streak

E  point of sperm entry

A  the acrosomal reaction

B  the entry of sperm DNA into the egg

C  the slow block to polyspermy

D  the cortical reaction

E  fast block to polyspermy

A  IV, V, I, III, II

B  V, III, IV, II, I

C  V, IV, II, III, I

D  IV, III, V, I, II

E  III, V, II, IV, I

A  the fast block to polyspermy

B  both the acrosomal and cortical reactions

C  the cortical reaction

D  the acrosomal reaction

E  both the cortical reaction and fast block to polyspermy

A  the notochord in a mammal.

B  the archenteron in a frog.

C  the lip of the blastopore in the frog.

D  neural crest cells in a mammal.

E  polar bodies in a sea urchin.

A  brain and spinal cord

B  the blastocoel

C  reproductive organs

D  digestive tract

E  heart and lungs

A  specification

B  cleavage

C  induction

D  fertilization

E  gastrulation

A  chorion

B  yolk sac

C  trophoblast

D  allantois

E  amnion

A  migrate to many different regions of the body.

B  control the segmentation of somatic mesoderm.

C  form the overlying ectoderm.

D  differentiate into the brain.

E  form the notochord.

A  acrosome

B  blastopore

C  chromosome

D  protostome

A  preformation and cell differentiation.

B  preformation and epigenesis.

C  preformation and morphogenesis.

D    

E  cell division and differentiation.

F  differentiation and morphogenesis.

A  fish.

B  placental mammal.

C  reptile.

D  frog.

E  bird.

A  acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, binding of sperm to egg membrane, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

B  binding of sperm to egg membrane, acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

C  acrosomal reaction, binding of sperm to egg membrane, fast block to polyspermy, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

D  acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, binding of sperm to egg membrane, slow block to polyspermy, and then an increase in egg cytosolic calcium

E  binding of sperm to egg membrane, acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, slow block to polyspermy, and then an increase in egg cytosolic calcium

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Epidermis

B  Neural tube

C  Intestinal tract

D  Notochord

E  Archenteron

A  Archenteron

B  Epidermis

C  Notochord

D  Chorion

A  Discovery of a group of embryonic cells in the dorsal lip that ultimately produce specific body structures.

B  Identification of a morphogenic field in the dorsal lip of the blastopore of an early gastrula. The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant.

C  Discovery of Spemann’s organizer.

D  The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant.

E  Discovery of a group of embryonic cells in the dorsal lip that ultimately produce specific body structures. The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant. Identification of a morphogenic field in the dorsal lip of the blastopore of an early gastrula. Discovery of Spemann’s organizer.

A  apical ectodermal ridge

B  zone of polarizing activity

C  HOX genes

D  Sonic hedgehog

E  cadherins

A  Cleavage

B  Organogenesis

C  Gastrulation

D  Neurulation

E  Fertilization

A  transport proteins.

B  nucleus.

C  extracellular matrix.

D  cytoskeleton.

A  amphibian

B  insect

C  fish

D  sea urchin

E  bird

A  fertilization.

B  preformation.

C  morphogenesis.

D  cell differentiation.

E  histogenesis.

A  fertilization.

B  organogenesis.

C  gastrulation.

D  autonomous specification.

E  polar cap fusion.

A  preformation.

B  histogenesis.

C  hypoblast

D  gastrulation

A  is impossible because of the large amount of yolk in the egg.

B  proceeds by invagination and involution as cells roll over the dorsal lip of the blastopore.

C  occurs within the inner cell mass that is embedded in the large amount of yolk.

D  occurs along the primitive streak in the animal hemisphere.

E  produces a blastocoel displaced into the animal hemisphere.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  cell growth.

B  None of the choices are correct.

C  cell elasticity.

D  cell replication.

E  cell differentiation.

A  cleavage.

B  fertilization.

C  neurulation.

D  gastrulation.

E  organogenesis.

A  It determines hereditable disorders in the embryo.

B  It maps the proteins within a morphogenic field.

C  It determines the ultimate structure/function of a particular cell type during embryonic development.

D  It assesses the quality of a developing embryo.

E  It maps the genes of an embryo.

A  blastopore

B  Acrosome

A  blastocoel.

B  blastopore

C  archenteron.

D  trophoblast.

E  endometrium.

A  cytoplasmic determinants in an early embryo.

B  nuclei in a zygote.

C  nuclei in an early embryo.

D  nuclei in an egg.

E  cytoplasmic determinants in a zygote.

A  is homogeneously arranged in the egg.

B  prevents gastrulation.

C  is concentrated at the animal pole.

D  can lead to unequal cleavage of cells in the animal pole compared to those in the vegetal pole.

E  impedes the formation of a primitive streak.

A  somites.

B  cells that will form future pigment cells and certain facial bones.

C  the neural crest.

D  the archenteron.

E  the central nervous system.

A  fertilization, gastrulation, cleavage, neurulation, organogenesis

B  fertilization, gastrulation, cleavage, organogenesis, neurulation

C  fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, neurulation, organogenesis

D  fertilization, gastrulation, neurulation, cleavage, organogenesis

E  fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, organogenesis, neurulation

A  The cell with the entire gray crescent will die.

B  Both cells will die immediately.

C  Both cells will develop abnormally.

D  Only the cell with the gray crescent will develop normally.

E  Both cells will develop normally because amphibians are totipotent at this stage.