Exam 2

A  Can cure any disease

B  Consists mainly of vitamins. minerals and enzymes

C  Provides proper nutrients and energy for your body

D  Causes an imbalance in your body’s organ systems

A  Photosynthesis using the food you eat to produce energy

B  Cells using glucose from food and oxygen from breathing

C  Energy from food diffusing into each organ of the body

D  Lungs producing energy by inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide

A  Mitochondria

B  Lysosomes

C  Ribosomes

D  Chloroplasts

A  Carbohydrate used as energy source

B  Fat used for protection

C  Protein used to increase muscle size

D  Atom used to make oxygen

A  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

B  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

C  second messengers

A  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

B  second messengers

C  mobile carriers of high energy electrons

A  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

B  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

C  second messengers

A  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

B  mobile carriers of high energy electrons

C  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

A  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

B  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

C  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

A  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

B  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

C  carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle

A  to release energy needed to make ATP

B  carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle

C  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

A  breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas

B  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

C  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

A  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

B  breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas

A  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

B  covalently bonds inorganic phosphate to ADP from energy released when H+ diffuses back into mitochondrial matrix

C  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

A  to release energy needed to make ATP

B  to produce carbon dioxide & alcohol

C  to convert sugar into starch

D  to prepare the cell for aerobic respiration

A  release of O2 from the reaction

B  enzymes getting denatured

C  H2O2 evaporating

D  boiling of living tissues

A  The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be the green areas in the leaf.

B  The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be in the white edges in the leaf.

C  Coagulation occurred in the center of the leaf.

D  Bubbles showed up after soaking the leaf in iodine solution.

A  photosynthesis

B  fermentation

C  aerobic respiration

D  signal transduction

A  the substrate that was broken down.

B  an intermediate of the pathway.

C  an enzyme needed to make ATP.

D  final product of the reaction.

A  C

B  B

C  A

A  released during photosynthesis

B  consumed during photosynthesis

C  consumed during respiration

D  released during respiration

A  All tubes tested with iodine remained blue/black in color.

B  Only the tube with starch & saliva combined turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.

C  All tubes tested with Benedict’s reagent turned orange in color.

D  Only the tube with starch by itself turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.

A  decrease in mass of peas

B  amount of O2 consumed

C  amount of ATP produced

D  amount of CO2 released

A  Photosynthesis only

B  Respiration only

C  Fermentation only

D  Photosynthesis & Respiration

A  alcohol

B  acetone & petroleum ether

C  water

D  iodine

A  color of the solution inside the test tubes

B  presence/absence of milk protein

C  presence/absence of rennin (rennet)

D  coagulation

A  yellow green chlorophyll b

B  purple anthocyanin

C  yellow carotene

D  grass green chlorophyll a

A  soaked peas & beads

B  dry peas & beads

C  beads only

D  soaked peas only

A  boiling activates enzymes in living tissues.

B  boiling denatures (destroys) enzymes in boiled tissues.

C  enzymes destroy living tissues.

D  there are no enzymes in living tissues.

A  Relay protein

B  Second messenger

C  Signal molecule between cells that far apart in the body

D  Binds to the receptor of a cell in close proximity to the cell that released it

A  response protein is activated

B  ion channel receptor opens up

C  cAMP is formed

A  receptors

B  second messenger

C  relay protein

D  local regulator

A  Multiple steps (cascade) provide for greater amplification of a signal.

B  Relay proteins are activated simultaneously.

C  Each step in the cascade synthesizes ATP.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  reversibility of the process; signal molecule has to separate from the receptor after binding with it

B  role of cyclic AMP and calcium ions in signal transduction

C  presence of enzyme inhibitors

A  A protein kinase is phosphorylated.

B  Conformational change in the receptor activates the G protein.

C  Hormone replaces GTP with ATP in the G protein

A  lipid-based such as steroids

B  peptide-based such as insulin

C  small & polar such as Ca ions

D  local regulators

A  cell’s cytoplasm

B  mitochondrioal matrix

C  stroma of the chloroplast

D  thylakoid membrane inside the chloroplast

A  carbon dioxide

B  water

C  glucose

D  NADPH

A  photosynthesis uses green light as a source of energy

B  green light is absorbed by the leaves

C  photosynthesis must occur in plant leaves

A  carbon dioxide

B  water

C  glucose

D  oxygen gas

A  store water at night

B  enhance photorespiration

C  use a different enzyme to fix CO2

D  fix CO2 into organic acids during the night

A  to make ATP that the rest of the cell may use

B  to provide oxygen gas that humans can consume

C  to breakdown sugar for energy

D  to make energy-rich fuel molecules

A  light into chemical energy

B  light into oxygen gas

C  glucose into lactic acid

D  carbon dioxide int oxygen gas

A  ATP and NADPH

B  H2O and O2

C  CO2 and glucose

D  ADP and NADP+

A  It combines with pyruvate to produce lactic acid

B  It enters the mitochondria to combine with oxygen gas

C  It gets reused & goes through glycolysis a second time.

A  Calvin cycle

B  Krebs cycle

C  Glycolysis

D  Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis

A  to use up oxygen gas

B  for energy

C  to release carbon dioxide

D  to create energy-rich products

A  pyruvate is converted into lactic acid

B  glucose is broken down into 2 three-carbon sugar

C  energy is released to produce ATP

D  intermediates get oxidized by NAD+

A  cytoplasm

B  chloroplast

C  mitochondrion

D  plasma membrane

A  Krebs (Citric acid) cycle

B  Glycolysis

C  Oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain

A  The product of glycolysis is further broken down to release more energy.

B  Glucose is synthesized using ADP & phosphate

C  Oxygen gas is used to make carbon dioxide.

D  Glucose is split into two pyruvates.

A  cytoplasmic enzymes & mitochondria

B  anti-oxidants & inorganic salts

C  carbon dioxide & water

D  energy-rich organic compounds & oxygen gas

A  Respiration runs the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis in reverse.

B  Photosynthesis stores energy in sugars, whereas respiration releases it.

C  Photosynthesis occurs only in plants and respiration occurs only in animals.

A  ATP and citric acid

B  glucose and pyruvate

C  NAD+ and FAD+

D  H2O and O2

A  ATP gets converted to cyclic AMP & pyrophosphate.

B  high energy phosphate bond breaks off from ATP.

C  ADP & phosphate are covalently bonded.

D  cell respiration enzymes are inhibited.

A  Krebs (Citric acid) cycle

B  glycolysis

C  light-dependent reactions (cyclic & noncylcic electron flow) of photosynthesis

D  Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis

E  light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis

A  occupying the active sites & preventing the substrate to bind with it

B  pulling the substrates away from the enzyme

C  binding to the enzyme and modifying the shape of the enzyme’s active site

A  inside the freezer

B  boiled

C  high concentration of its inhibitor

D  warm moist environment

E  pH =1

A  synthesize large macromolecules

B  digest food

C  detoxify toxins

D  release energy from “fuel” molecules

A  4

B  3

C  2

D  1

A  B & C are intermediates.

B  A is the initial substrate & D is the final product.

C  D is much smaller than A.

A  its polarity has to be similar to the product’s polarity

B  the shape of its active site has to match the shape of the substrate

C  it has to be the same size as the substrate

A  Life contradicts the law of entropy.

B  To live, organisms convert “useful” energy into dissipated heat.

C  Life obeys the law of entropy but not the law of conservation of energy.