Exam 2

A  Causes an imbalance in your body’s organ systems

B  Provides proper nutrients and energy for your body

C  Can cure any disease

D  Consists mainly of vitamins. minerals and enzymes

A  Lungs producing energy by inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide

B  Energy from food diffusing into each organ of the body

C  Photosynthesis using the food you eat to produce energy

D  Cells using glucose from food and oxygen from breathing

A  Chloroplasts

B  Ribosomes

C  Mitochondria

D  Lysosomes

A  Carbohydrate used as energy source

B  Protein used to increase muscle size

C  Fat used for protection

D  Atom used to make oxygen

A  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

B  second messengers

C  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

A  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

B  mobile carriers of high energy electrons

C  second messengers

A  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

B  second messengers

C  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

A  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

B  mobile carriers of high energy electrons

C  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

A  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

B  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

C  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

A  carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle

B  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

C  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

A  to release energy needed to make ATP

B  carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle

C  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

A  breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas

B  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

C  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

A  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

B  breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas

A  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

B  covalently bonds inorganic phosphate to ADP from energy released when H+ diffuses back into mitochondrial matrix

C  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

A  to produce carbon dioxide & alcohol

B  to release energy needed to make ATP

C  to prepare the cell for aerobic respiration

D  to convert sugar into starch

A  boiling of living tissues

B  enzymes getting denatured

C  release of O2 from the reaction

D  H2O2 evaporating

A  The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be in the white edges in the leaf.

B  Bubbles showed up after soaking the leaf in iodine solution.

C  Coagulation occurred in the center of the leaf.

D  The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be the green areas in the leaf.

A  fermentation

B  aerobic respiration

C  signal transduction

D  photosynthesis

A  an enzyme needed to make ATP.

B  the substrate that was broken down.

C  final product of the reaction.

D  an intermediate of the pathway.

A  B

B  A

C  C

A  released during respiration

B  consumed during respiration

C  consumed during photosynthesis

D  released during photosynthesis

A  Only the tube with starch by itself turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.

B  Only the tube with starch & saliva combined turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.

C  All tubes tested with Benedict’s reagent turned orange in color.

D  All tubes tested with iodine remained blue/black in color.

A  amount of O2 consumed

B  amount of ATP produced

C  decrease in mass of peas

D  amount of CO2 released

A  Respiration only

B  Photosynthesis only

C  Photosynthesis & Respiration

D  Fermentation only

A  iodine

B  acetone & petroleum ether

C  alcohol

D  water

A  coagulation

B  presence/absence of rennin (rennet)

C  color of the solution inside the test tubes

D  presence/absence of milk protein

A  grass green chlorophyll a

B  purple anthocyanin

C  yellow carotene

D  yellow green chlorophyll b

A  dry peas & beads

B  soaked peas & beads

C  beads only

D  soaked peas only

A  boiling denatures (destroys) enzymes in boiled tissues.

B  there are no enzymes in living tissues.

C  enzymes destroy living tissues.

D  boiling activates enzymes in living tissues.

A  Relay protein

B  Binds to the receptor of a cell in close proximity to the cell that released it

C  Second messenger

D  Signal molecule between cells that far apart in the body

A  ion channel receptor opens up

B  response protein is activated

C  cAMP is formed

A  second messenger

B  relay protein

C  local regulator

D  receptors

A  Multiple steps (cascade) provide for greater amplification of a signal.

B  Relay proteins are activated simultaneously.

C  Each step in the cascade synthesizes ATP.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  role of cyclic AMP and calcium ions in signal transduction

B  reversibility of the process; signal molecule has to separate from the receptor after binding with it

C  presence of enzyme inhibitors

A  Hormone replaces GTP with ATP in the G protein

B  A protein kinase is phosphorylated.

C  Conformational change in the receptor activates the G protein.

A  local regulators

B  peptide-based such as insulin

C  lipid-based such as steroids

D  small & polar such as Ca ions

A  cell’s cytoplasm

B  thylakoid membrane inside the chloroplast

C  stroma of the chloroplast

D  mitochondrioal matrix

A  water

B  glucose

C  carbon dioxide

D  NADPH

A  green light is absorbed by the leaves

B  photosynthesis uses green light as a source of energy

C  photosynthesis must occur in plant leaves

A  water

B  glucose

C  carbon dioxide

D  oxygen gas

A  use a different enzyme to fix CO2

B  store water at night

C  enhance photorespiration

D  fix CO2 into organic acids during the night

A  to breakdown sugar for energy

B  to provide oxygen gas that humans can consume

C  to make ATP that the rest of the cell may use

D  to make energy-rich fuel molecules

A  carbon dioxide int oxygen gas

B  light into chemical energy

C  light into oxygen gas

D  glucose into lactic acid

A  CO2 and glucose

B  ADP and NADP+

C  ATP and NADPH

D  H2O and O2

A  It enters the mitochondria to combine with oxygen gas

B  It gets reused & goes through glycolysis a second time.

C  It combines with pyruvate to produce lactic acid

A  Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis

B  Calvin cycle

C  Glycolysis

D  Krebs cycle

A  to use up oxygen gas

B  to release carbon dioxide

C  to create energy-rich products

D  for energy

A  pyruvate is converted into lactic acid

B  glucose is broken down into 2 three-carbon sugar

C  energy is released to produce ATP

D  intermediates get oxidized by NAD+

A  plasma membrane

B  chloroplast

C  cytoplasm

D  mitochondrion

A  Krebs (Citric acid) cycle

B  Oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain

C  Glycolysis

A  The product of glycolysis is further broken down to release more energy.

B  Glucose is synthesized using ADP & phosphate

C  Glucose is split into two pyruvates.

D  Oxygen gas is used to make carbon dioxide.

A  energy-rich organic compounds & oxygen gas

B  anti-oxidants & inorganic salts

C  cytoplasmic enzymes & mitochondria

D  carbon dioxide & water

A  Photosynthesis stores energy in sugars, whereas respiration releases it.

B  Photosynthesis occurs only in plants and respiration occurs only in animals.

C  Respiration runs the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis in reverse.

A  ATP and citric acid

B  H2O and O2

C  glucose and pyruvate

D  NAD+ and FAD+

A  high energy phosphate bond breaks off from ATP.

B  ADP & phosphate are covalently bonded.

C  cell respiration enzymes are inhibited.

D  ATP gets converted to cyclic AMP & pyrophosphate.

A  Krebs (Citric acid) cycle

B  Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis

C  glycolysis

D  light-dependent reactions (cyclic & noncylcic electron flow) of photosynthesis

E  light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis

A  pulling the substrates away from the enzyme

B  binding to the enzyme and modifying the shape of the enzyme’s active site

C  occupying the active sites & preventing the substrate to bind with it

A  inside the freezer

B  high concentration of its inhibitor

C  pH =1

D  warm moist environment

E  boiled

A  detoxify toxins

B  digest food

C  synthesize large macromolecules

D  release energy from “fuel” molecules

A  1

B  4

C  3

D  2

A  B & C are intermediates.

B  D is much smaller than A.

C  A is the initial substrate & D is the final product.

A  its polarity has to be similar to the product’s polarity

B  the shape of its active site has to match the shape of the substrate

C  it has to be the same size as the substrate

A  Life obeys the law of entropy but not the law of conservation of energy.

B  Life contradicts the law of entropy.

C  To live, organisms convert “useful” energy into dissipated heat.