Exam 2

A  Provides proper nutrients and energy for your body

B  Can cure any disease

C  Causes an imbalance in your body’s organ systems

D  Consists mainly of vitamins. minerals and enzymes

A  Energy from food diffusing into each organ of the body

B  Cells using glucose from food and oxygen from breathing

C  Lungs producing energy by inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide

D  Photosynthesis using the food you eat to produce energy

A  Mitochondria

B  Chloroplasts

C  Lysosomes

D  Ribosomes

A  Fat used for protection

B  Carbohydrate used as energy source

C  Protein used to increase muscle size

D  Atom used to make oxygen

A  second messengers

B  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

C  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

A  mobile carriers of high energy electrons

B  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

C  second messengers

A  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

B  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

C  second messengers

A  mobile carriers of high energy electrons

B  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

C  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

A  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

B  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

C  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

A  carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle

B  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

C  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

A  carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle

B  to release energy needed to make ATP

C  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

A  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

B  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

C  breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas

A  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

B  breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas

A  covalently bonds inorganic phosphate to ADP from energy released when H+ diffuses back into mitochondrial matrix

B  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

C  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

A  to prepare the cell for aerobic respiration

B  to release energy needed to make ATP

C  to convert sugar into starch

D  to produce carbon dioxide & alcohol

A  release of O2 from the reaction

B  boiling of living tissues

C  enzymes getting denatured

D  H2O2 evaporating

A  The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be the green areas in the leaf.

B  Bubbles showed up after soaking the leaf in iodine solution.

C  Coagulation occurred in the center of the leaf.

D  The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be in the white edges in the leaf.

A  fermentation

B  aerobic respiration

C  photosynthesis

D  signal transduction

A  final product of the reaction.

B  the substrate that was broken down.

C  an intermediate of the pathway.

D  an enzyme needed to make ATP.

A  A

B  B

C  C

A  released during respiration

B  released during photosynthesis

C  consumed during respiration

D  consumed during photosynthesis

A  Only the tube with starch & saliva combined turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.

B  All tubes tested with Benedict’s reagent turned orange in color.

C  Only the tube with starch by itself turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.

D  All tubes tested with iodine remained blue/black in color.

A  amount of CO2 released

B  amount of O2 consumed

C  amount of ATP produced

D  decrease in mass of peas

A  Fermentation only

B  Photosynthesis only

C  Photosynthesis & Respiration

D  Respiration only

A  alcohol

B  acetone & petroleum ether

C  water

D  iodine

A  presence/absence of rennin (rennet)

B  color of the solution inside the test tubes

C  presence/absence of milk protein

D  coagulation

A  grass green chlorophyll a

B  yellow green chlorophyll b

C  yellow carotene

D  purple anthocyanin

A  beads only

B  soaked peas only

C  dry peas & beads

D  soaked peas & beads

A  boiling denatures (destroys) enzymes in boiled tissues.

B  enzymes destroy living tissues.

C  boiling activates enzymes in living tissues.

D  there are no enzymes in living tissues.

A  Second messenger

B  Signal molecule between cells that far apart in the body

C  Binds to the receptor of a cell in close proximity to the cell that released it

D  Relay protein

A  ion channel receptor opens up

B  response protein is activated

C  cAMP is formed

A  receptors

B  local regulator

C  second messenger

D  relay protein

A  Relay proteins are activated simultaneously.

B  Multiple steps (cascade) provide for greater amplification of a signal.

C  Each step in the cascade synthesizes ATP.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  presence of enzyme inhibitors

B  role of cyclic AMP and calcium ions in signal transduction

C  reversibility of the process; signal molecule has to separate from the receptor after binding with it

A  A protein kinase is phosphorylated.

B  Conformational change in the receptor activates the G protein.

C  Hormone replaces GTP with ATP in the G protein

A  peptide-based such as insulin

B  lipid-based such as steroids

C  local regulators

D  small & polar such as Ca ions

A  thylakoid membrane inside the chloroplast

B  mitochondrioal matrix

C  cell’s cytoplasm

D  stroma of the chloroplast

A  water

B  NADPH

C  glucose

D  carbon dioxide

A  green light is absorbed by the leaves

B  photosynthesis uses green light as a source of energy

C  photosynthesis must occur in plant leaves

A  carbon dioxide

B  water

C  oxygen gas

D  glucose

A  use a different enzyme to fix CO2

B  fix CO2 into organic acids during the night

C  enhance photorespiration

D  store water at night

A  to make energy-rich fuel molecules

B  to make ATP that the rest of the cell may use

C  to breakdown sugar for energy

D  to provide oxygen gas that humans can consume

A  glucose into lactic acid

B  light into chemical energy

C  carbon dioxide int oxygen gas

D  light into oxygen gas

A  ATP and NADPH

B  ADP and NADP+

C  H2O and O2

D  CO2 and glucose

A  It enters the mitochondria to combine with oxygen gas

B  It combines with pyruvate to produce lactic acid

C  It gets reused & goes through glycolysis a second time.

A  Calvin cycle

B  Krebs cycle

C  Glycolysis

D  Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis

A  to use up oxygen gas

B  to create energy-rich products

C  for energy

D  to release carbon dioxide

A  energy is released to produce ATP

B  pyruvate is converted into lactic acid

C  intermediates get oxidized by NAD+

D  glucose is broken down into 2 three-carbon sugar

A  mitochondrion

B  cytoplasm

C  plasma membrane

D  chloroplast

A  Oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain

B  Glycolysis

C  Krebs (Citric acid) cycle

A  Glucose is split into two pyruvates.

B  Glucose is synthesized using ADP & phosphate

C  Oxygen gas is used to make carbon dioxide.

D  The product of glycolysis is further broken down to release more energy.

A  carbon dioxide & water

B  anti-oxidants & inorganic salts

C  cytoplasmic enzymes & mitochondria

D  energy-rich organic compounds & oxygen gas

A  Respiration runs the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis in reverse.

B  Photosynthesis stores energy in sugars, whereas respiration releases it.

C  Photosynthesis occurs only in plants and respiration occurs only in animals.

A  NAD+ and FAD+

B  H2O and O2

C  ATP and citric acid

D  glucose and pyruvate

A  ADP & phosphate are covalently bonded.

B  high energy phosphate bond breaks off from ATP.

C  ATP gets converted to cyclic AMP & pyrophosphate.

D  cell respiration enzymes are inhibited.

A  Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis

B  light-dependent reactions (cyclic & noncylcic electron flow) of photosynthesis

C  light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis

D  Krebs (Citric acid) cycle

E  glycolysis

A  binding to the enzyme and modifying the shape of the enzyme’s active site

B  pulling the substrates away from the enzyme

C  occupying the active sites & preventing the substrate to bind with it

A  high concentration of its inhibitor

B  warm moist environment

C  pH =1

D  inside the freezer

E  boiled

A  detoxify toxins

B  synthesize large macromolecules

C  digest food

D  release energy from “fuel” molecules

A  1

B  2

C  4

D  3

A  D is much smaller than A.

B  A is the initial substrate & D is the final product.

C  B & C are intermediates.

A  its polarity has to be similar to the product’s polarity

B  it has to be the same size as the substrate

C  the shape of its active site has to match the shape of the substrate

A  Life contradicts the law of entropy.

B  Life obeys the law of entropy but not the law of conservation of energy.

C  To live, organisms convert “useful” energy into dissipated heat.