Exam 2

A  Can cure any disease

B  Provides proper nutrients and energy for your body

C  Consists mainly of vitamins. minerals and enzymes

D  Causes an imbalance in your body’s organ systems

A  Lungs producing energy by inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide

B  Photosynthesis using the food you eat to produce energy

C  Energy from food diffusing into each organ of the body

D  Cells using glucose from food and oxygen from breathing

A  Chloroplasts

B  Ribosomes

C  Lysosomes

D  Mitochondria

A  Carbohydrate used as energy source

B  Protein used to increase muscle size

C  Atom used to make oxygen

D  Fat used for protection

A  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

B  second messengers

C  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

A  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

B  mobile carriers of high energy electrons

C  second messengers

A  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

B  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

C  second messengers

A  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

B  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

C  mobile carriers of high energy electrons

A  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

B  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

C  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

A  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

B  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

C  carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle

A  to release energy needed to make ATP

B  carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle

C  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

A  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

B  breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas

C  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

A  breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas

B  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

A  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

B  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

C  covalently bonds inorganic phosphate to ADP from energy released when H+ diffuses back into mitochondrial matrix

A  to prepare the cell for aerobic respiration

B  to release energy needed to make ATP

C  to convert sugar into starch

D  to produce carbon dioxide & alcohol

A  boiling of living tissues

B  release of O2 from the reaction

C  H2O2 evaporating

D  enzymes getting denatured

A  Bubbles showed up after soaking the leaf in iodine solution.

B  The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be the green areas in the leaf.

C  The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be in the white edges in the leaf.

D  Coagulation occurred in the center of the leaf.

A  photosynthesis

B  fermentation

C  signal transduction

D  aerobic respiration

A  the substrate that was broken down.

B  an enzyme needed to make ATP.

C  final product of the reaction.

D  an intermediate of the pathway.

A  A

B  C

C  B

A  consumed during photosynthesis

B  consumed during respiration

C  released during photosynthesis

D  released during respiration

A  All tubes tested with iodine remained blue/black in color.

B  All tubes tested with Benedict’s reagent turned orange in color.

C  Only the tube with starch by itself turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.

D  Only the tube with starch & saliva combined turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.

A  amount of O2 consumed

B  decrease in mass of peas

C  amount of CO2 released

D  amount of ATP produced

A  Fermentation only

B  Photosynthesis only

C  Photosynthesis & Respiration

D  Respiration only

A  alcohol

B  water

C  iodine

D  acetone & petroleum ether

A  presence/absence of rennin (rennet)

B  presence/absence of milk protein

C  coagulation

D  color of the solution inside the test tubes

A  purple anthocyanin

B  grass green chlorophyll a

C  yellow carotene

D  yellow green chlorophyll b

A  beads only

B  dry peas & beads

C  soaked peas only

D  soaked peas & beads

A  boiling activates enzymes in living tissues.

B  boiling denatures (destroys) enzymes in boiled tissues.

C  there are no enzymes in living tissues.

D  enzymes destroy living tissues.

A  Signal molecule between cells that far apart in the body

B  Second messenger

C  Relay protein

D  Binds to the receptor of a cell in close proximity to the cell that released it

A  response protein is activated

B  cAMP is formed

C  ion channel receptor opens up

A  second messenger

B  local regulator

C  receptors

D  relay protein

A  Multiple steps (cascade) provide for greater amplification of a signal.

B  Each step in the cascade synthesizes ATP.

C  Relay proteins are activated simultaneously.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  presence of enzyme inhibitors

B  role of cyclic AMP and calcium ions in signal transduction

C  reversibility of the process; signal molecule has to separate from the receptor after binding with it

A  Hormone replaces GTP with ATP in the G protein

B  A protein kinase is phosphorylated.

C  Conformational change in the receptor activates the G protein.

A  local regulators

B  lipid-based such as steroids

C  peptide-based such as insulin

D  small & polar such as Ca ions

A  cell’s cytoplasm

B  stroma of the chloroplast

C  mitochondrioal matrix

D  thylakoid membrane inside the chloroplast

A  NADPH

B  water

C  carbon dioxide

D  glucose

A  green light is absorbed by the leaves

B  photosynthesis must occur in plant leaves

C  photosynthesis uses green light as a source of energy

A  water

B  carbon dioxide

C  oxygen gas

D  glucose

A  enhance photorespiration

B  fix CO2 into organic acids during the night

C  store water at night

D  use a different enzyme to fix CO2

A  to make ATP that the rest of the cell may use

B  to make energy-rich fuel molecules

C  to breakdown sugar for energy

D  to provide oxygen gas that humans can consume

A  carbon dioxide int oxygen gas

B  light into oxygen gas

C  light into chemical energy

D  glucose into lactic acid

A  CO2 and glucose

B  ATP and NADPH

C  H2O and O2

D  ADP and NADP+

A  It enters the mitochondria to combine with oxygen gas

B  It combines with pyruvate to produce lactic acid

C  It gets reused & goes through glycolysis a second time.

A  Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis

B  Krebs cycle

C  Calvin cycle

D  Glycolysis

A  to create energy-rich products

B  to release carbon dioxide

C  to use up oxygen gas

D  for energy

A  energy is released to produce ATP

B  glucose is broken down into 2 three-carbon sugar

C  intermediates get oxidized by NAD+

D  pyruvate is converted into lactic acid

A  plasma membrane

B  mitochondrion

C  cytoplasm

D  chloroplast

A  Krebs (Citric acid) cycle

B  Oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain

C  Glycolysis

A  Glucose is split into two pyruvates.

B  The product of glycolysis is further broken down to release more energy.

C  Oxygen gas is used to make carbon dioxide.

D  Glucose is synthesized using ADP & phosphate

A  energy-rich organic compounds & oxygen gas

B  carbon dioxide & water

C  anti-oxidants & inorganic salts

D  cytoplasmic enzymes & mitochondria

A  Respiration runs the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis in reverse.

B  Photosynthesis occurs only in plants and respiration occurs only in animals.

C  Photosynthesis stores energy in sugars, whereas respiration releases it.

A  NAD+ and FAD+

B  ATP and citric acid

C  H2O and O2

D  glucose and pyruvate

A  ADP & phosphate are covalently bonded.

B  cell respiration enzymes are inhibited.

C  ATP gets converted to cyclic AMP & pyrophosphate.

D  high energy phosphate bond breaks off from ATP.

A  glycolysis

B  Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis

C  light-dependent reactions (cyclic & noncylcic electron flow) of photosynthesis

D  light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis

E  Krebs (Citric acid) cycle

A  binding to the enzyme and modifying the shape of the enzyme’s active site

B  pulling the substrates away from the enzyme

C  occupying the active sites & preventing the substrate to bind with it

A  pH =1

B  warm moist environment

C  inside the freezer

D  high concentration of its inhibitor

E  boiled

A  release energy from “fuel” molecules

B  digest food

C  detoxify toxins

D  synthesize large macromolecules

A  3

B  1

C  2

D  4

A  A is the initial substrate & D is the final product.

B  B & C are intermediates.

C  D is much smaller than A.

A  the shape of its active site has to match the shape of the substrate

B  it has to be the same size as the substrate

C  its polarity has to be similar to the product’s polarity

A  To live, organisms convert “useful” energy into dissipated heat.

B  Life contradicts the law of entropy.

C  Life obeys the law of entropy but not the law of conservation of energy.