Exam 2

A  Consists mainly of vitamins. minerals and enzymes

B  Provides proper nutrients and energy for your body

C  Can cure any disease

D  Causes an imbalance in your body’s organ systems

A  Cells using glucose from food and oxygen from breathing

B  Photosynthesis using the food you eat to produce energy

C  Energy from food diffusing into each organ of the body

D  Lungs producing energy by inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide

A  Lysosomes

B  Chloroplasts

C  Mitochondria

D  Ribosomes

A  Carbohydrate used as energy source

B  Atom used to make oxygen

C  Fat used for protection

D  Protein used to increase muscle size

A  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

B  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

C  second messengers

A  mobile carriers of high energy electrons

B  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

C  second messengers

A  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

B  second messengers

C  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

A  mobile carriers of high energy electrons

B  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

C  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

A  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

B  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

C  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

A  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

B  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

C  carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle

A  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

B  carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle

C  to release energy needed to make ATP

A  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

B  breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas

C  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

A  breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas

B  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

A  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

B  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

C  covalently bonds inorganic phosphate to ADP from energy released when H+ diffuses back into mitochondrial matrix

A  to release energy needed to make ATP

B  to prepare the cell for aerobic respiration

C  to convert sugar into starch

D  to produce carbon dioxide & alcohol

A  release of O2 from the reaction

B  boiling of living tissues

C  enzymes getting denatured

D  H2O2 evaporating

A  Coagulation occurred in the center of the leaf.

B  Bubbles showed up after soaking the leaf in iodine solution.

C  The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be the green areas in the leaf.

D  The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be in the white edges in the leaf.

A  aerobic respiration

B  fermentation

C  photosynthesis

D  signal transduction

A  an enzyme needed to make ATP.

B  an intermediate of the pathway.

C  final product of the reaction.

D  the substrate that was broken down.

A  A

B  C

C  B

A  released during respiration

B  consumed during photosynthesis

C  released during photosynthesis

D  consumed during respiration

A  Only the tube with starch & saliva combined turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.

B  Only the tube with starch by itself turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.

C  All tubes tested with Benedict’s reagent turned orange in color.

D  All tubes tested with iodine remained blue/black in color.

A  amount of ATP produced

B  decrease in mass of peas

C  amount of O2 consumed

D  amount of CO2 released

A  Respiration only

B  Photosynthesis & Respiration

C  Fermentation only

D  Photosynthesis only

A  iodine

B  water

C  alcohol

D  acetone & petroleum ether

A  presence/absence of milk protein

B  coagulation

C  presence/absence of rennin (rennet)

D  color of the solution inside the test tubes

A  purple anthocyanin

B  yellow carotene

C  grass green chlorophyll a

D  yellow green chlorophyll b

A  soaked peas only

B  dry peas & beads

C  beads only

D  soaked peas & beads

A  there are no enzymes in living tissues.

B  boiling activates enzymes in living tissues.

C  enzymes destroy living tissues.

D  boiling denatures (destroys) enzymes in boiled tissues.

A  Relay protein

B  Binds to the receptor of a cell in close proximity to the cell that released it

C  Second messenger

D  Signal molecule between cells that far apart in the body

A  ion channel receptor opens up

B  cAMP is formed

C  response protein is activated

A  local regulator

B  receptors

C  second messenger

D  relay protein

A  Each step in the cascade synthesizes ATP.

B  Multiple steps (cascade) provide for greater amplification of a signal.

C  Relay proteins are activated simultaneously.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  role of cyclic AMP and calcium ions in signal transduction

B  reversibility of the process; signal molecule has to separate from the receptor after binding with it

C  presence of enzyme inhibitors

A  A protein kinase is phosphorylated.

B  Conformational change in the receptor activates the G protein.

C  Hormone replaces GTP with ATP in the G protein

A  peptide-based such as insulin

B  local regulators

C  small & polar such as Ca ions

D  lipid-based such as steroids

A  mitochondrioal matrix

B  thylakoid membrane inside the chloroplast

C  cell’s cytoplasm

D  stroma of the chloroplast

A  water

B  carbon dioxide

C  NADPH

D  glucose

A  photosynthesis uses green light as a source of energy

B  green light is absorbed by the leaves

C  photosynthesis must occur in plant leaves

A  water

B  oxygen gas

C  glucose

D  carbon dioxide

A  store water at night

B  enhance photorespiration

C  use a different enzyme to fix CO2

D  fix CO2 into organic acids during the night

A  to breakdown sugar for energy

B  to provide oxygen gas that humans can consume

C  to make ATP that the rest of the cell may use

D  to make energy-rich fuel molecules

A  light into chemical energy

B  glucose into lactic acid

C  carbon dioxide int oxygen gas

D  light into oxygen gas

A  ATP and NADPH

B  H2O and O2

C  CO2 and glucose

D  ADP and NADP+

A  It combines with pyruvate to produce lactic acid

B  It gets reused & goes through glycolysis a second time.

C  It enters the mitochondria to combine with oxygen gas

A  Calvin cycle

B  Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis

C  Krebs cycle

D  Glycolysis

A  to release carbon dioxide

B  to create energy-rich products

C  for energy

D  to use up oxygen gas

A  intermediates get oxidized by NAD+

B  glucose is broken down into 2 three-carbon sugar

C  energy is released to produce ATP

D  pyruvate is converted into lactic acid

A  chloroplast

B  mitochondrion

C  cytoplasm

D  plasma membrane

A  Glycolysis

B  Oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain

C  Krebs (Citric acid) cycle

A  Glucose is split into two pyruvates.

B  Glucose is synthesized using ADP & phosphate

C  The product of glycolysis is further broken down to release more energy.

D  Oxygen gas is used to make carbon dioxide.

A  energy-rich organic compounds & oxygen gas

B  cytoplasmic enzymes & mitochondria

C  carbon dioxide & water

D  anti-oxidants & inorganic salts

A  Photosynthesis occurs only in plants and respiration occurs only in animals.

B  Photosynthesis stores energy in sugars, whereas respiration releases it.

C  Respiration runs the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis in reverse.

A  ATP and citric acid

B  H2O and O2

C  glucose and pyruvate

D  NAD+ and FAD+

A  ATP gets converted to cyclic AMP & pyrophosphate.

B  high energy phosphate bond breaks off from ATP.

C  ADP & phosphate are covalently bonded.

D  cell respiration enzymes are inhibited.

A  light-dependent reactions (cyclic & noncylcic electron flow) of photosynthesis

B  glycolysis

C  Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis

D  light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis

E  Krebs (Citric acid) cycle

A  pulling the substrates away from the enzyme

B  binding to the enzyme and modifying the shape of the enzyme’s active site

C  occupying the active sites & preventing the substrate to bind with it

A  warm moist environment

B  inside the freezer

C  boiled

D  high concentration of its inhibitor

E  pH =1

A  detoxify toxins

B  synthesize large macromolecules

C  release energy from “fuel” molecules

D  digest food

A  4

B  1

C  2

D  3

A  B & C are intermediates.

B  D is much smaller than A.

C  A is the initial substrate & D is the final product.

A  its polarity has to be similar to the product’s polarity

B  it has to be the same size as the substrate

C  the shape of its active site has to match the shape of the substrate

A  Life contradicts the law of entropy.

B  Life obeys the law of entropy but not the law of conservation of energy.

C  To live, organisms convert “useful” energy into dissipated heat.