Exam 2

A  Can cure any disease

B  Provides proper nutrients and energy for your body

C  Consists mainly of vitamins. minerals and enzymes

D  Causes an imbalance in your body’s organ systems

A  Lungs producing energy by inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide

B  Cells using glucose from food and oxygen from breathing

C  Energy from food diffusing into each organ of the body

D  Photosynthesis using the food you eat to produce energy

A  Ribosomes

B  Mitochondria

C  Lysosomes

D  Chloroplasts

A  Protein used to increase muscle size

B  Atom used to make oxygen

C  Carbohydrate used as energy source

D  Fat used for protection

A  second messengers

B  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

C  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

A  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

B  second messengers

C  mobile carriers of high energy electrons

A  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

B  second messengers

C  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

A  mobile carriers of high energy electrons

B  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

C  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

A  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

B  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

C  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

A  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

B  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

C  carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle

A  carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle

B  to release energy needed to make ATP

C  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

A  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

B  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

C  breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas

A  breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas

B  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

A  covalently bonds inorganic phosphate to ADP from energy released when H+ diffuses back into mitochondrial matrix

B  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

C  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

A  to prepare the cell for aerobic respiration

B  to release energy needed to make ATP

C  to convert sugar into starch

D  to produce carbon dioxide & alcohol

A  H2O2 evaporating

B  release of O2 from the reaction

C  enzymes getting denatured

D  boiling of living tissues

A  The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be in the white edges in the leaf.

B  Bubbles showed up after soaking the leaf in iodine solution.

C  Coagulation occurred in the center of the leaf.

D  The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be the green areas in the leaf.

A  signal transduction

B  aerobic respiration

C  fermentation

D  photosynthesis

A  the substrate that was broken down.

B  final product of the reaction.

C  an intermediate of the pathway.

D  an enzyme needed to make ATP.

A  C

B  A

C  B

A  consumed during respiration

B  released during photosynthesis

C  released during respiration

D  consumed during photosynthesis

A  Only the tube with starch & saliva combined turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.

B  Only the tube with starch by itself turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.

C  All tubes tested with iodine remained blue/black in color.

D  All tubes tested with Benedict’s reagent turned orange in color.

A  amount of CO2 released

B  amount of ATP produced

C  decrease in mass of peas

D  amount of O2 consumed

A  Respiration only

B  Photosynthesis & Respiration

C  Photosynthesis only

D  Fermentation only

A  water

B  alcohol

C  iodine

D  acetone & petroleum ether

A  color of the solution inside the test tubes

B  presence/absence of rennin (rennet)

C  coagulation

D  presence/absence of milk protein

A  yellow carotene

B  yellow green chlorophyll b

C  grass green chlorophyll a

D  purple anthocyanin

A  dry peas & beads

B  beads only

C  soaked peas only

D  soaked peas & beads

A  there are no enzymes in living tissues.

B  boiling activates enzymes in living tissues.

C  boiling denatures (destroys) enzymes in boiled tissues.

D  enzymes destroy living tissues.

A  Signal molecule between cells that far apart in the body

B  Relay protein

C  Second messenger

D  Binds to the receptor of a cell in close proximity to the cell that released it

A  response protein is activated

B  ion channel receptor opens up

C  cAMP is formed

A  local regulator

B  second messenger

C  relay protein

D  receptors

A  Each step in the cascade synthesizes ATP.

B  Multiple steps (cascade) provide for greater amplification of a signal.

C  Relay proteins are activated simultaneously.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  presence of enzyme inhibitors

B  role of cyclic AMP and calcium ions in signal transduction

C  reversibility of the process; signal molecule has to separate from the receptor after binding with it

A  A protein kinase is phosphorylated.

B  Hormone replaces GTP with ATP in the G protein

C  Conformational change in the receptor activates the G protein.

A  local regulators

B  peptide-based such as insulin

C  lipid-based such as steroids

D  small & polar such as Ca ions

A  cell’s cytoplasm

B  thylakoid membrane inside the chloroplast

C  mitochondrioal matrix

D  stroma of the chloroplast

A  NADPH

B  carbon dioxide

C  glucose

D  water

A  green light is absorbed by the leaves

B  photosynthesis must occur in plant leaves

C  photosynthesis uses green light as a source of energy

A  glucose

B  carbon dioxide

C  oxygen gas

D  water

A  enhance photorespiration

B  use a different enzyme to fix CO2

C  fix CO2 into organic acids during the night

D  store water at night

A  to breakdown sugar for energy

B  to make ATP that the rest of the cell may use

C  to make energy-rich fuel molecules

D  to provide oxygen gas that humans can consume

A  light into chemical energy

B  carbon dioxide int oxygen gas

C  glucose into lactic acid

D  light into oxygen gas

A  ATP and NADPH

B  H2O and O2

C  ADP and NADP+

D  CO2 and glucose

A  It gets reused & goes through glycolysis a second time.

B  It enters the mitochondria to combine with oxygen gas

C  It combines with pyruvate to produce lactic acid

A  Krebs cycle

B  Glycolysis

C  Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis

D  Calvin cycle

A  to use up oxygen gas

B  for energy

C  to create energy-rich products

D  to release carbon dioxide

A  intermediates get oxidized by NAD+

B  glucose is broken down into 2 three-carbon sugar

C  pyruvate is converted into lactic acid

D  energy is released to produce ATP

A  cytoplasm

B  mitochondrion

C  chloroplast

D  plasma membrane

A  Oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain

B  Krebs (Citric acid) cycle

C  Glycolysis

A  Glucose is synthesized using ADP & phosphate

B  Oxygen gas is used to make carbon dioxide.

C  Glucose is split into two pyruvates.

D  The product of glycolysis is further broken down to release more energy.

A  cytoplasmic enzymes & mitochondria

B  energy-rich organic compounds & oxygen gas

C  anti-oxidants & inorganic salts

D  carbon dioxide & water

A  Photosynthesis occurs only in plants and respiration occurs only in animals.

B  Photosynthesis stores energy in sugars, whereas respiration releases it.

C  Respiration runs the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis in reverse.

A  H2O and O2

B  ATP and citric acid

C  glucose and pyruvate

D  NAD+ and FAD+

A  cell respiration enzymes are inhibited.

B  ADP & phosphate are covalently bonded.

C  high energy phosphate bond breaks off from ATP.

D  ATP gets converted to cyclic AMP & pyrophosphate.

A  light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis

B  light-dependent reactions (cyclic & noncylcic electron flow) of photosynthesis

C  Krebs (Citric acid) cycle

D  glycolysis

E  Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis

A  binding to the enzyme and modifying the shape of the enzyme’s active site

B  occupying the active sites & preventing the substrate to bind with it

C  pulling the substrates away from the enzyme

A  warm moist environment

B  high concentration of its inhibitor

C  boiled

D  pH =1

E  inside the freezer

A  detoxify toxins

B  synthesize large macromolecules

C  release energy from “fuel” molecules

D  digest food

A  3

B  4

C  1

D  2

A  D is much smaller than A.

B  B & C are intermediates.

C  A is the initial substrate & D is the final product.

A  its polarity has to be similar to the product’s polarity

B  it has to be the same size as the substrate

C  the shape of its active site has to match the shape of the substrate

A  Life contradicts the law of entropy.

B  To live, organisms convert “useful” energy into dissipated heat.

C  Life obeys the law of entropy but not the law of conservation of energy.