Exam 2

A  Provides proper nutrients and energy for your body

B  Can cure any disease

C  Consists mainly of vitamins. minerals and enzymes

D  Causes an imbalance in your body’s organ systems

A  Energy from food diffusing into each organ of the body

B  Cells using glucose from food and oxygen from breathing

C  Lungs producing energy by inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide

D  Photosynthesis using the food you eat to produce energy

A  Ribosomes

B  Mitochondria

C  Chloroplasts

D  Lysosomes

A  Protein used to increase muscle size

B  Fat used for protection

C  Atom used to make oxygen

D  Carbohydrate used as energy source

A  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

B  second messengers

C  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

A  second messengers

B  mobile carriers of high energy electrons

C  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

A  second messengers

B  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

C  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

A  mobile carriers of high energy electrons

B  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

C  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

A  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

B  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

C  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

A  carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle

B  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

C  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

A  to release energy needed to make ATP

B  carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle

C  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

A  breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas

B  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

C  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

A  breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas

B  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

A  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

B  covalently bonds inorganic phosphate to ADP from energy released when H+ diffuses back into mitochondrial matrix

C  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

A  to produce carbon dioxide & alcohol

B  to convert sugar into starch

C  to prepare the cell for aerobic respiration

D  to release energy needed to make ATP

A  enzymes getting denatured

B  H2O2 evaporating

C  release of O2 from the reaction

D  boiling of living tissues

A  Bubbles showed up after soaking the leaf in iodine solution.

B  Coagulation occurred in the center of the leaf.

C  The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be the green areas in the leaf.

D  The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be in the white edges in the leaf.

A  photosynthesis

B  fermentation

C  aerobic respiration

D  signal transduction

A  an enzyme needed to make ATP.

B  final product of the reaction.

C  the substrate that was broken down.

D  an intermediate of the pathway.

A  B

B  C

C  A

A  consumed during respiration

B  released during photosynthesis

C  released during respiration

D  consumed during photosynthesis

A  Only the tube with starch & saliva combined turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.

B  Only the tube with starch by itself turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.

C  All tubes tested with iodine remained blue/black in color.

D  All tubes tested with Benedict’s reagent turned orange in color.

A  amount of O2 consumed

B  amount of CO2 released

C  decrease in mass of peas

D  amount of ATP produced

A  Photosynthesis & Respiration

B  Respiration only

C  Photosynthesis only

D  Fermentation only

A  alcohol

B  iodine

C  water

D  acetone & petroleum ether

A  coagulation

B  color of the solution inside the test tubes

C  presence/absence of rennin (rennet)

D  presence/absence of milk protein

A  grass green chlorophyll a

B  yellow carotene

C  yellow green chlorophyll b

D  purple anthocyanin

A  beads only

B  soaked peas & beads

C  dry peas & beads

D  soaked peas only

A  boiling denatures (destroys) enzymes in boiled tissues.

B  there are no enzymes in living tissues.

C  boiling activates enzymes in living tissues.

D  enzymes destroy living tissues.

A  Binds to the receptor of a cell in close proximity to the cell that released it

B  Second messenger

C  Relay protein

D  Signal molecule between cells that far apart in the body

A  response protein is activated

B  ion channel receptor opens up

C  cAMP is formed

A  relay protein

B  local regulator

C  receptors

D  second messenger

A  Each step in the cascade synthesizes ATP.

B  Relay proteins are activated simultaneously.

C  Multiple steps (cascade) provide for greater amplification of a signal.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  presence of enzyme inhibitors

B  reversibility of the process; signal molecule has to separate from the receptor after binding with it

C  role of cyclic AMP and calcium ions in signal transduction

A  Hormone replaces GTP with ATP in the G protein

B  A protein kinase is phosphorylated.

C  Conformational change in the receptor activates the G protein.

A  small & polar such as Ca ions

B  lipid-based such as steroids

C  local regulators

D  peptide-based such as insulin

A  mitochondrioal matrix

B  cell’s cytoplasm

C  stroma of the chloroplast

D  thylakoid membrane inside the chloroplast

A  NADPH

B  water

C  carbon dioxide

D  glucose

A  photosynthesis must occur in plant leaves

B  green light is absorbed by the leaves

C  photosynthesis uses green light as a source of energy

A  glucose

B  oxygen gas

C  water

D  carbon dioxide

A  fix CO2 into organic acids during the night

B  enhance photorespiration

C  store water at night

D  use a different enzyme to fix CO2

A  to make energy-rich fuel molecules

B  to breakdown sugar for energy

C  to provide oxygen gas that humans can consume

D  to make ATP that the rest of the cell may use

A  light into chemical energy

B  carbon dioxide int oxygen gas

C  glucose into lactic acid

D  light into oxygen gas

A  ATP and NADPH

B  ADP and NADP+

C  CO2 and glucose

D  H2O and O2

A  It combines with pyruvate to produce lactic acid

B  It enters the mitochondria to combine with oxygen gas

C  It gets reused & goes through glycolysis a second time.

A  Krebs cycle

B  Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis

C  Calvin cycle

D  Glycolysis

A  for energy

B  to use up oxygen gas

C  to create energy-rich products

D  to release carbon dioxide

A  pyruvate is converted into lactic acid

B  intermediates get oxidized by NAD+

C  energy is released to produce ATP

D  glucose is broken down into 2 three-carbon sugar

A  chloroplast

B  mitochondrion

C  cytoplasm

D  plasma membrane

A  Oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain

B  Glycolysis

C  Krebs (Citric acid) cycle

A  The product of glycolysis is further broken down to release more energy.

B  Oxygen gas is used to make carbon dioxide.

C  Glucose is synthesized using ADP & phosphate

D  Glucose is split into two pyruvates.

A  carbon dioxide & water

B  cytoplasmic enzymes & mitochondria

C  anti-oxidants & inorganic salts

D  energy-rich organic compounds & oxygen gas

A  Respiration runs the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis in reverse.

B  Photosynthesis occurs only in plants and respiration occurs only in animals.

C  Photosynthesis stores energy in sugars, whereas respiration releases it.

A  ATP and citric acid

B  glucose and pyruvate

C  NAD+ and FAD+

D  H2O and O2

A  high energy phosphate bond breaks off from ATP.

B  cell respiration enzymes are inhibited.

C  ATP gets converted to cyclic AMP & pyrophosphate.

D  ADP & phosphate are covalently bonded.

A  Krebs (Citric acid) cycle

B  light-dependent reactions (cyclic & noncylcic electron flow) of photosynthesis

C  glycolysis

D  Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis

E  light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis

A  occupying the active sites & preventing the substrate to bind with it

B  binding to the enzyme and modifying the shape of the enzyme’s active site

C  pulling the substrates away from the enzyme

A  inside the freezer

B  warm moist environment

C  boiled

D  pH =1

E  high concentration of its inhibitor

A  synthesize large macromolecules

B  release energy from “fuel” molecules

C  digest food

D  detoxify toxins

A  1

B  3

C  2

D  4

A  D is much smaller than A.

B  A is the initial substrate & D is the final product.

C  B & C are intermediates.

A  its polarity has to be similar to the product’s polarity

B  the shape of its active site has to match the shape of the substrate

C  it has to be the same size as the substrate

A  To live, organisms convert “useful” energy into dissipated heat.

B  Life contradicts the law of entropy.

C  Life obeys the law of entropy but not the law of conservation of energy.