Quiz 3 Chapter 5 and 6

A  American society is very lax in enforcing laws.

B  The media sensationalizes deviant behavior, which is why it becomes increasingly attractive to young people.

C  The goal of success is shared by a majority of people, but not everyone has equal means for achieving that goal.

D  There are a lot of people with inborn antisocial tendencies.

A  criminal activities

B  violations of social norms

C  immoral or unethical behaviors

D  actions that are harmful to society

A  Uniform Crime Report.

B  value of punishment for deterrence.

C  way conflict theorists understand deviance.

D  symbolic interactionist theory of deviance.

A  Deviance breaks down social cohesion and leads to revolution.

B  Deviance clarifies moral boundaries and affirms norms.

C  Deviance helps the upper class maintain its power and influence in society.

D  Deviance makes it easier for the upper class to control the poor.

A  Conflict theory

B  Differential association theory

C  Self-fulfilling prophecy

D  Labeling theory

A  They are more likely to be poor.

B  They commit more flagrant crimes.

C  They are more likely to engage in deviant behavior.

D  They are perceived as more criminal than others.

A  virtual communities

B  rationalization

C  group dynamics

D  network theory

A  The rules are applied unequally, and those with power or influence are punished much less harshly than others.

B  Criminals from the lower class should be more harshly punished, as they are more likely to re-offend.

C  The two criminals probably had very different motives for committing their crimes, and this explains the difference in punishment.

D  Different levels of punishment are functional, as they keep the most productive members of society out of jail.

A  positive deviance

B  heroic deviance

C  anti-deviance

D  appropriate deviance

A  the personal qualities of a leader.

B  the efficiency and rationality of a particular way of doing things.

C  birthright.

D  an economic system that focuses on rules and regulations.

A  instrumental

B  charismatic

C  expressive

D  legal-rational

A  compliance

B  groupthink

C  identification

D  internalization

A  a virtual community

B  a reference group

C  an out-group

D  a primary group

A  gang member

B  stranger

C  friend or relative

D  dating partner

A  passing

B  bureaucratic mediation

C  in-group orientation

D  assimilation

A  structural functionalism

B  conflict theory

C  coercive power

D  symbolic interactionism

A  Prison was rarely used before the nineteenth century.

B  Historically, only humane and ethical societies have used prison as a form of punishment.

C  Prison is commonly used as a punishment because it is extremely cost-effective.

D  Throughout history, most societies have used prison to punish the most serious crimes.

A  violent crimes

B  mores

C  crimes

D  taboos

A  promotes social cohesion among nonimmigrants as they come together and label immigrants as outsiders.

B  is a form of cyberbullying, since the anger is generally expressed online.

C  is unequally distributed, since it is mainly aimed at poor and working-class immigrants.

D  hurts the economy by preventing immigration.

A  when the in-group is particularly large

B  when the out-group is from a different city than the in-group

C  when the differences between the in-group and the out-group are sharply defined

D  when the individual has belonged to the in-group for a short time

A  Crime differentials between men and women can be attributed mostly to emotional and psychological differences.

B  Women are equally likely as men to commit property crimes.

C  Women are equally likely as men to commit violent crimes.

D  As women gain power in the labor market through education and income, crime rates among women rise to match those among men more closely.

A  high centrality

B  tie strength

C  anomie

D  contagion

A  instrumental leadership.

B  anomie.

C  group cohesion.

D  expressive leadership.

A  tend to be based on specific roles or activities.

B  are often formal or impersonal.

C  are larger and more anonymous than secondary groups.

D  involve a strong sense of belonging.

A  Individuals associated with a crowd remain in contact.

B  Individuals associated with a group don’t have ongoing social relations.

C  Individuals associated with a group feel a shared identity and have ongoing social relations.

D  Individuals associated with a group don’t share any common attributes.