Chapter 10 Post Test

A  raise money through thousands of small donations rather than a small number of large donations.

B  spend as little money as possible on advertising and, instead, to maximize “free media” coverage.

C  send different campaign messages to different demographic groups of voters.

D  send hundreds of very short messages to the largest possible number of voters.

A  may spend no more than $1 million advocating support for its own presidential candidate.

B  cannot spend any money advocating support for its own presidential candidate.

C  may spend no more than $10 million advocating support for its own presidential candidate.

D  may make unlimited “independent expenditures” supporting its own presidential candidate.

A  affirmative action legislation from the 1960s requires proportional representation in all elections.

B  the Constitution requires at least minimal levels of representation in election campaigns.

C  interest groups frequently engage in direct lobbying to enhance diversity in campaigns.

D  voters tend to prefer candidates who are closer to themselves in terms of race, ethnicity, religion, gender, geography, and social background.

A  partisan; issue

B  retrospective; prospective

C  issue; partisan

D  prospective; retrospective

A  a state legislator.

B  a U.S. senator.

C  the president.

D  a governor.

A  was forbidden by the Campaign Reform Act of 1974.

B  is protected only if the candidate can match every personal dollar with a dollar from outside donations.

C  is limited by a cap of $50 million.

D  is protected absolutely by the First Amendment according to the Supreme Court.

A  2000

B  1996

C  2008

D  2016

A  run as a major party candidate and raise at least $5,000 in individual contributions of $250 or less in each of 20 states.

B  run as a major party candidate and raise at least $1 million in individual contributions of $250 or less in each of 40 states.

C  gather signatures from at least 50,000 people in each of 20 states.

D  gather signatures from at least 100,000 people in each of 40 states.

A  hard money.

B  graft.

C  soft money.

D  a bribe.

A  Independent expenditures

B  Hard money donations

C  Soft money donations

D  Seed money donations

A  business and professional groups.

B  leaders of the Republican and Democratic parties.

C  environmental groups and religious organizations.

D  working-class and poor people.

A  media driven.

B  capital intensive.

C  guided by campaign consultants.

D  labor intensive.

A  wedge

B  prospective

C  pocketbook

D  retrospective

A  Incumbents and challengers generally spend the same amount of money.

B  Incumbents and challengers are legally limited to spending only $2 million.

C  Incumbents generally spend more money than challengers.

D  Incumbents generally spend less money than challengers.

A  sending direct mail to all potential supporters

B  increasing social media ads

C  using robocalls to reach potential voters.

D  events that allow for face-to-face contact

A  the current officeholder running for re-election

B  a candidate who is running against a current officeholder in an election

C  the candidate who raises the most money during the campaign

D  whoever is leading in the polls on the day of the election

A  The Democratic Party requires that state presidential primaries allocate delegates on the basis of a winner-take-all system, while the Republican Party does not.

B  The Republican Party requires a two-thirds majority vote in a state to secure delegates, while the Democratic Party does not.

C  The Democratic Party requires that state presidential primaries allocate delegates on the basis of proportional representation, while the Republican Party does not.

D  The Republican Party requires that state presidential primaries allocate delegates on the basis of proportional representation, while the Democratic Party does not.

A  President Warren Harding (1921)

B  California governor Gray Davis (2003)

C  Wisconsin governor Scott Walker (2012)

D  President Richard Nixon (1972)

A  initiative; referendum

B  referendum; initiative

C  recall; initiative

D  referendum; recall

A  the electoral college would be abolished and the candidate with the most votes in the country overall would become president.

B  a state’s electoral college votes would go to the candidate who won the national popular vote, not the candidate with a plurality of votes in that specific state.

C  the individual state-level caucus and primary elections during the nomination stage would be replaced with a national primary to be held on the first Tuesday of March during a presidential election year.

D  members of the Senate would be elected by the country on the whole instead of by individual states.

A  at least 300 electoral votes.

B  at least 26 state-level presidential elections.

C  at least 270 electoral votes.

D  a majority of the popular vote.

A  policy entrepreneurs.

B  superdelegates.

C  ombudsmen.

D  whips.

A  the use of each party’s congressional caucus to nominate presidential candidates during the early nineteenth century.

B  the fact that caucuses are inherently undemocratic methods of selecting nominees for national political office.

C  the significance of Iowa as the first caucus of the presidential campaign.

D  Daniel Webster, who had unrivaled influence over the presidential nominating process during the 1820s and 1830s.

A  United States v. Nixon (1974)

B  Shaw v. Reno (1993)

C  Bush v. Gore (2000)

D  Reynolds v. Sims (1964)

A  Straight-ticketing

B  Proportional representation

C  Partisan gerrymandering

D  Redistricting

A  Within a state, electoral districts must have roughly equal populations.

B  Voting was an individual right, not a group right.

C  Voters may only vote once in an election.

D  No one could be denied suffrage on the basis of race or gender.

A  vary from a few thousand people in some states to nearly a million in California.

B  are constitutionally required to include no more than 1 million people.

C  are constitutionally required to include no more than 500,000 people.

D  are drawn to include a minimum of 100,000 people in all states.

E    

A  authorized $1 billion for civic education in order to increase voter turnout in national elections.

B  eliminated state-level voter registration requirements.

C  financed the creation of 2,000 additional polling places across the country for midterm and presidential elections.

D  required state governments to use computerized voter registration databases.

A  state governments

B  voters

C  the federal government

D  political parties

A  closed primary system.

B  proportional representation system.

C  blanket primary system.

D  majority system.

A  open primary

B  referendum

C  majority system

D  closed primary

A  win the election only if the election were held in a majority system.

B  not win the election under any set of democratic electoral rules.

C  win the election in either a majority or plurality system.

D  win the election only if the election were held in a plurality system.

A  a plurality system

B  a majority system

C  a closed primary system

D  a proportional representation system

A  a closed primary system.

B  a ranked-choice vote primary system.

C  a proportional representation system.

D  an open primary system.

A  the candidates running for office.

B  the federal government.

C  political parties.

D  state and local governments.

A  the fact that politicians often adopt marketing strategies that attempt to “sell” their candidacies to potential voters.

B  political campaigns that operate at the local level and use face-to-face communication to generate interest and momentum among voters.

C  the practice of legislators trading their votes on legislation for campaign contributions.

D  the campaigning and lobbying in which private corporations engage around business regulation and trade policy.

A  the C-SPAN effect.

B  a press junket.

C  a spot advertisement.

D  free media.

A  are limited to spending $100,000 per candidate per election.

B  can spend unlimited amounts on political advocacy as long as their efforts are not coordinated with those of any candidate’s campaign.

C  are not required to disclose where they get their funds so long as they place hard limits on both the amount of money they raise and their total number of donors.

D  are required to disclose where they get their funds if they intend on coordinating their message with a particular political campaign.

A  the growth rate of gross domestic product (GDP).

B  surveys asking voters how optimistic they are about the future of the economy.

C  the unemployment rate in each state.

D  the size of the national debt.

A  $1,000

B  $2,700

C  $5,000

D  $25,000

A  provides $200 million for all candidates meeting the minimum requirements specified by law

B  matches, on a dollar-for-dollar basis, all contributions of $250 or less.

C  is determined by a formula that weighs a presidential candidate’s previous fund-raising and number of votes received in previous elections.

D  provides $500 million for all candidates meeting the minimum requirements specified by law

A  Super PACs.

B  527s.

C  PACs.

D  501(c)(4)s.

A  Buckley v. Valeo (1976)

B  Bush v. Gore (2000)

C  SpeechNow v. FEC (2010)

D  Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010)

A  The United States prohibits candidates from raising unlimited sums of money to spend on their campaigns.

B  There is no democratic country in the world that currently provides public financing for its elections.

C  Similar to the United States, most democratic countries allow candidates to raise unlimited sums of money to spend on their campaigns with no restrictions on when the money can be spent.

D  Unlike the United States, most democratic countries provide public financing for their elections.

A  negative ads tend to focus on important policy differences, while positive ads tend to focus on candidates’ personal characteristics.

B  both positive and negative ads focus almost entirely on important policy differences.

C  both positive and negative ads focus almost entirely on candidates’ personal characteristics.

D  negative ads tend to focus on candidates’ personal characteristics, while positive ads tend to focus on important policy differences.

A  that Kennedy had a much stronger performance than Nixon during televised debates.

B  Nixon’s failure to develop infomercials.

C  the fact that, unlike Nixon, Kennedy had hired a professional political consultant.

D  Kennedy’s aggressive use of push polls, especially in the Northeast.

A  gerrymandering

B  prospective voting

C  retrospective voting

D  initiative

A  enabled voters to make their choices on the basis of the individual candidate rather than the list of a party’s candidates.

B  removed all party labels from the voting process.

C  allowed voters to rank order each of the candidates running for a given office.

D  provided voters with the ability to write in candidates who did not have their names printed on the ballot.

A  ballot initiative.

B  people’s compact.

C  grassroots amendment.

D  popular directive.

A  4th

B  1st

C  34th

D  10th

A  nominate candidates for other important elections, including the U.S. House of Representatives and U.S. Senate.

B  write the bills that will be introduced in state legislatures around the country.

C  make rules concerning delegate selection for future primaries and draft the party’s platform.

D  assign current members of the U.S. House of Representatives and U.S. Senate to congressional committee positions.

A  Iowa; New Hampshire

B  Connecticut; Iowa

C  New Hampshire; Iowa

D  Iowa; Connecticut

A  a legislative district votes to elect a member of one party to serve in the House of Representatives but also elects a member of a different party to serve in the state legislature.

B  legislative districts are redrawn in a way that concentrates members of a particular party in as few districts as possible, thereby limiting the overall number of seats that party might win.

C  legislative districts are redrawn in a way that disperses members of a particular party across multiple districts, thereby reducing that party’s chances of winning any seats.

D  a legislative candidate wins election with less than 50% of the vote in a three-candidate race.

A  Alexander Hamilton.

B  Elbridge Gerry.

C  Thomas Jefferson.

D  James Madison.

A  15

B  10

C  4

D  6

A  dual

B  single

C  split

D  straight

A  primary

B  plurality

C  proportionality

D  majority

A  referendum.

B  exploratory committee.

C  midterm election.

D  primary election.

A  Approximately three-quarters of the countries in the world hold primary elections.

B  The United States is one of the few nations in the world to hold primary elections.

C  Every country in the world holds primary elections.

D  About half of the countries in the world hold primary elections.

A  every three

B  every

C  every four

D  every other