Chapter 11 Post Test

A  government programs that provide tax cuts for people at the top of the income distribution.

B  incentives that interest groups make available only to those people who are members of their organizations.

C  government programs that distribute food, housing, or monetary assistance to people who make less than a predetermined amount of money each year.

D  incentives that interest groups distribute to people who do not belong to their organizations in order to win public support for their causes.

A  solidarity benefits

B  material benefits

C  informational benefits

D  purposive benefits

A  solidary benefit.

B  purposive benefit.

C  collective good.

D  free rider.

A  purposive benefit.

B  solidary benefit.

C  collective good.

D  material benefit.

A  it is the most conventional form of participation.

B  they are an effective use of insider strategies.

C  these types of “outsider” strategies can be quite effective.

D  they are primary interested in material benefits.

A  money

B  information

C  legal assistance

D  campaign workers

A  an issue network.

B  a membership association.

C  an iron triangle.

D  the New Politics movement.

A  $50,000

B  $500

C  $500,000

D  $5,000

A  each candidate or campaign committee is required to itemize the full name and address, occupation, and principal business of each person who contributes more than $200.

B  unrestricted “soft money” donations to the national political parties would be eliminated.

C  individuals may contribute up $15,000 to any candidate for federal office in any primary or general election.

D  political action committees can contribute $500,000 to any candidate for federal office in any primary or general election.

A  allowed businesses to deduct lobbying costs as a business expense.

B  lifted all limits on the number of gifts lobbyists could give members of Congress.

C  eliminated the requirement that lobbyists register with Congress.

D  banned the practice of lobbyists giving members of Congress an honorarium for giving speeches.

A  government groups

B  citizen groups

C  corporate and professional groups

D  the homeless and the poor

A  40 million

B  4 million

C  400,000

D  $40,000

A  build better networks between interest groups and political parties.

B  raise and distribute money to election campaigns.

C  produce and carry out an institutional advertising campaign.

D  raise grassroots support for a particular interest.

A  Lobbying involves advertising in order to create a positive image of an organization.

B  Lobbying is the least expensive and the most democratic strategy of influencing government.

C  Lobbyists try to exert pressure directly on government officials themselves.

D  Lobbying is the only form of influence that has explicit First Amendment protection from regulation.

A  dramatically increased the flow of money from interest groups, 527s, and Super PACs into politics and electoral campaigns.

B  prohibited 527s and Super PACs from donating to electoral campaigns but increased the amount of money interest groups could contribute.

C  dramatically decreased the flow of money from interest groups, 527s, and Super PACs into politics and electoral campaigns.

D  prohibited interest groups from donating to electoral campaigns but increased the amount of money 527s and Super PACs could contribute.

A  $1,000

B  $5,000

C  $7,500

D  $2,800

A  Going public

B  Litigation

C  Creating an iron triangle

D  Creating a “war room”

A  working with 527 committees, directly lobbying judges, and engaging in institutional advertising.

B    

C  directly lobbying judges, using direct-mail solicitations, and making campaign contributions to members of Congress.

D  engaging in institutional advertising, activating issue networks, and directly lobbying judges.

E  filing amicus curiae briefs, financing lawsuits, and bringing a suit on behalf of the group.

A  supports the agency’s budgetary requests and the programs the interest group favors.

B  files formal lawsuits and amicus briefs against administrative agencies and interest groups.

C  is legally excluded from any interactions with interest groups and administrative agencies.

D  opposes the agency’s budgetary requests and the programs the interest group favors.q

A  the media, a legislative committee, and the federal courts.

B  a legislative committee, an executive agency, and the federal courts.

C  a legislative committee, an interest group, and an executive agency.

D    

E  the federal courts, the state courts, and interest groups.

A  extends First Amendment protection to interest groups trying to lobby executive agencies.

B  permits interest groups to spend an unlimited amount of money on issue advocacy during a campaign.

C  allows former agency officials to work for the industries they had regulated within six months of leaving government service.

D  requires agencies to create opportunities for public comments before implementing new rules and regulations.

E    

A  state and federal laws dating from the 1930s.

B  a 1961 Supreme Court decision.

C  the First Amendment.

D  internal rules of Congress.

A  lobbying Congress

B  protesting at the White House

C  lobbying the executive branch

D  litigating a case in court

A  a network of interest groups and elected officials that seek to reform a set of policies on a diverse set of issues

B  a network of individuals from various business groups and interest groups, each representing different issues

C    

D  a network of individuals seeking to improve the environment that is made up of governors, environmental activists, climate change interest groups

E  a network that attempts to raise a great deal of money from corporations, unions, and individuals to fund election candidates

A  health insurance program

B  free T-shirt

C  newsletter

D  consciousness-raising workshop

A  members of Congress listen only to organized interest groups and not to public-opinion polls.

B  the benefits of a group’s actions are broadly available and cannot be denied to nonmembers.

C  members of Congress are presented with many opportunities to amend a piece of legislation.

D  the benefits of a group’s actions are available only to a specific segment of society.

A  international benefits

B  purposive benefits

C  material benefits

D  informational benefits

A  principal-agent; collective goods

B  principal-agent; selective benefits

C  free-rider; selective benefits

D  free-rider; collective goods

A  who work in manual labor and unskilled occupations.

B  with higher levels of income and education.

C  from the lower socioeconomic levels.

D  who identify as Democrats.

A  citizen

B  grassroots

C  public

D  potential

A  government groups.

B  citizen groups.

C  think tanks

D  public interest groups.

A  business

B  labor

C  ideological

D  public interest

A  public-sector groups.

B  labor groups.

C  ideological groups.

D  businesses and corporations.

A  business

B  labor

C  public interest

D  ideological

A  more grassroots members

B  less need for lobbyists

C  more public funding for their activities

D  more financial resources

A  Valerie Plame

B  Karl Rove

C  Paul Wolfowitz

D  Jack Abramoff

A  is a resource that contributes to the group’s effectiveness.

B  reduces the amount of resources the group can acquire.

C  limits the ability of the group to influence policy.

D  creates a lack of talent in the recruitment of new members.

A  conduct partisan politics.

B  mobilize public opinion.

C  pursue litigation.

D  lobby officials.

A  using material benefits to expand group numbers

B  setting up a Super PAC and donating to campaigns

C  lobbying a member of a regulatory agency

D  litigation

A  banned PACs.

B  limited PAC donations to $10,000.

C  did not restrict PACs in any significant way.

D  prohibited any political activity from 527 committees.

A  a spontaneous show of political support for a particular position manifests itself.

B  an interest group buys advertisements in newspapers around the country in order to publicize an issue.

C  interest groups organize to support a dark-horse presidential candidate.

D  an interest group mobilizes its members throughout the country to write their representatives in support of the group’s position.

A  Department of Justice

B  Tea Party

C  American Civil Liberties Union

D  New Politics movement

A  National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

B  Congress of Racial Equality

C  American Civil Liberties Union

D  Human Rights Campaign

A  is legally excluded from any interactions with congressional committees and administrative agencies.

B  provides campaign contributions to members of Congress and lobbies for larger administrative agency budgets.

C  files formal lawsuits and amicus briefs against administrative agencies and congressional incumbents.

D  organizes grassroots mobilizations against administrative agencies and congressional incumbents.

A  reduce the number of lawsuits by encouraging interest groups to solve conflicts with administrative agencies through mediation.

B  forbid lobbying of administrative agencies.

C  eliminate iron triangles.

D  encourage administrative agencies to engage in direct and open negotiations with affected interests when developing new regulations.

A  litigation

B  protesting

C  lobbying

D  electoral politics

A  an attempt by an individual or group to influence the passage of legislation by exerting direct pressure on members of Congress or a state legislature.

B  an attempt by an individual or group to influence the passage of legislation by exerting indirect pressure, through advertisements and media coverage, on members of Congress or a state legislature.

C  an attempt by an individual or group to influence the passage of legislation by exerting indirect pressure, through phone calls or emails, on members of Congress or a state legislature.

D  the act of working on a re-election campaign.

A  iron triangle.

B  ballot initiative.

C  issue network.

D  PAC.

A  lobbying.

B  a ballot initiative.

C  institutional advertising.

D  an outside strategy.

A  material benefit.

B  purposive benefit.

C  solidary benefit.

D  promotion offer.

A  professional accreditation.

B  special services and goods.

C  friendship and consciousness raising.

D  information and money.

A  informational benefits

B  international benefits

C  purposive benefit

D  material benefit

A  international benefit.

B  solidarity benefit.

C  collective good.

D  material benefit.

A  they lack interest in organization and in policy outcomes.

B  they lack the resources, money, time, and skills required for organization.

C  they lack the pluralist vision and interest in policy outcomes required for organization.

D  they lack interest in job programs or in affordable housing required for organization.

A  interest groups are factions that endanger liberty.

B  interest groups should be free to compete for governmental influence.

C  that the public good should always trump individual interests.

D  that all interest groups are guaranteed political equality.

A  ideological groups.

B  think tanks.

C  professional associations.

D  labor.

A  business

B  labor

C  ideological

D  professional

A  25%

B  more than 50%

C  33%

D  less than 1%

A  they claim to serve the common good, not just their own particular interests.

B  they were the first group to abandon lobbying and take up only grassroots activism.

C  they were the first political associations to use the strategy of direct mailing.

D  unlike other interest groups, their status is like that of a charity, not a political organization.

A  Americans are much less likely to join political and social organizations than people in other countries, but America has far more organized interest groups than other countries.

B  Americans are much more likely to join political and social organizations than people in other countries, but America has far fewer organized interest groups than other countries.

C  Americans are much more likely to join political and social organizations than people in other countries, and America has far more organized interest groups than other countries.

D  Americans are much less likely to join political and social organizations than people in other countries, and America has far fewer organized interest groups than other countries.