Chapter 6 Quiz

A  serving as antibodies

B  providing an unlimited supply of energy

C  maintaining acid-base balance

D  maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance

E  regulating gene expression

A  I, III, IV, and V

B  I, II, IV, and V

C  I and V only

D  I, III, and IV only

A  Yes; Amino acid supplements are an excellent way to quickly provide energy to muscles for rebuilding.

B  No; Whole protein is better handled by the digestive system and will promote muscle mass gain better than amino acid supplements.

C  No; Extra carbohydrate and fat, but not extra protein, are needed for recovery from illness.

D  Yes; But, one should also do plenty of exercise to promote muscle regain.

E  Yes; Taking amino acid supplements helps keep the digestive system from overworking while you recover from illness.

A  a vegan

B  a lacto-ovo vegetarian

C  a pregnant woman

D  an omnivore

E  a carnivore

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The gluten-free diet will help relieve any digestive symptoms she may have.

B  She should be successful because it is an excellent way to lose weight.

C  Even if she does not have celiac disease, she will benefit from removing gluten from her diet.

D  Gluten-free diets are useful because they also help prevent cancer.

E  Gluten-free weight-loss diets offer no advantages over other low-calorie diets.

A  crop rotation

B  bacteria

C  fertilizer

D  genetic modification

E  UV light

A  DNA

B  RNA

A  It promotes a leaner body type.

B  It provides more antioxidant nutrients and fiber.

C  It reduces the risk of cancer.

D  It provides more phytochemicals.

E  It provides more saturated fat.

A  pasta

B  black beans

C  eggs

D  peppers

E  peanuts

A  It is converted into the hormone insulin.

B  It is used to make the brown pigment melanin.

C  It is a precursor of vitamin C.

D  It is used to make the neurotransmitter serotonin.

E  It is used to make the vitamin niacin.

A  Amino acids need a carrier in the bloodstream because they do not transport very well alone.

B  Protein digestion and absorption require some form of carbohydrate.

C  Cells in the small intestine possess different sites for absorbing different types of amino acids, which causes competition among amino acids at the absorption sites.

D  Proteins are broken down into individual amino acids and absorbed by all intestinal cells at an equal rate.

E  Larger peptide molecules must be completely broken down into amino acids to be absorbed into the bloodstream from the intestine.

A  use of amino acids that have been conserved from the breakdown of old cells

B  conversion of half the protein we eat to glucose for energy

C  annual replacement of old cells with new protein that has entered the body in food

D  loss of amino acids by excretion through the kidneys when cells die

E  excretion of intracellular working proteins as old cells wear out

A  almonds

B  margarine

C  kidney beans

D  eggs

E  flaxseeds

A  negative nitrogen balance

B  slow growth in children

C  a weakened immune system

D  increased nutrient absorption from the digestive tract

E  impaired brain and kidney function

A  mouth

B  stomach

C  blood stream

D  small intestines

A  glycogen

B  antibodies

C  insulin

D  collagen

A  freezing

B  heat

C  radiation

D  stomach

E  mercury

A  amino group

B  carbon bond

C  side chain

D  acid group

E  backbone

A  vitamin C

B  Iron

C  phytochemicals

D  B12

E  zinc