Lecture Exam 3 (Ch 9, 10, 11)

A  None of the choices are correct.

B  pathogens penetrating host defenses

C  microorganisms colonizing the body

D  contact with microorganisms

E  contact with pathogens

A  contact with hospital staff

B  bottle feeding

C  breast feeding

D  All of the choices are correct.

E  the birth process through the birth canal

A  True

B  False

A  virulence factors

B  All of thechoices are correct.

C  proteins

D  toxins that target the intestines

E  exotoxins

A  genital system

B  skin

C  gastrointestinal system

D  respiratory system

E  urinary system

A  True

B  False

A  Secretion of slime

B  Production of leukocidins

C  Adhering to the host

D  Ability to survive intracellularly

E  Secretion of a capsule

A  lipopolysaccharides

B  secretions that always target nervous tissue

C  antiphagocytic factors

D  proteins

E  only released after a cell is damaged or lysed

F    

A  Capsules – antiphagocytic factor

B  Hemolysins – damage red blood cells

C  Coagulase – dissolve fibrin clots

D  Leukocidins – damage white blood cells

E  Fimbriae – adherence to substrate

A  zoonotic

B  noncommunicable

C  vector-borne

D  polymicrobial

A  skin

B  gastrointestinal system

C  urinary system

D  respiratory system

E  genital system

A  Phagocytosis

B  Encapsulation

C  Margination

D  Exocytosis

E  Adhesion

A  True

B  False

A  endotoxin

B  minimal dose

C  infectious dose

D  indigenous biota

E  virulence factor

A  viruses

B  All of the choices are correct.

C  bacteria

D  protozoans

E  fungi

A  when a child first goes to school

B  before birth, in utero

C  during and immediately after birth

D  during puberty

E  when an infant gets its first infectious disease

A  False

B  True

A  an enterotoxin

B  an exotoxin

C  axenic

D  exogenous

E  endogenous

A  chronic

B  asymptomatic

C  latent

D  persistent

A  To eradicate thosemembers of the normal microbiota that may potentially cause disease.
To determine therole the human microbiota plays in health and disease.

B  To determine antibiotic susceptibility of the most prevalent microorganisms among human microbiota
To enumerate all of the members of the human microbiota, both those that can be cultured and those that are culturable

C  To eradicate those members of the normal microbiota that may potentially cause disease
To determine antibiotic susceptibility of the most prevalent microorganisms among human microbiota

D  To determine the role the human microbiota plays in health and disease
To enumerate all of the members of the human microbiota, both those that can be cultured and those that are nonculturable

A  True

B  False

A  True

B  False

A  Epigenetic changes

B  Causing an overreaction of the host immune system

C  Causing direct damage through exoenzymes

D  Secretion of exotoxins

A  Bats do not represent either the source or the reservoir for SARS-CoV-2.

B  Bats are the reservoir for SARS-CoV-2.

C  Bats are the reservoir and the major source for SARS-CoV-2 in this pandemic.

D  Bats are the source of most cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

A  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

B  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

C  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

D  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

A  CRISPR, Making use of host and bacterial defense peptides, Bacteriophage therapy, RNA interference–directed at bacterial mRNAs

B  Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx, Bacteriophage therapy

C  CRISPR, Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx,

D  Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Making use of host and bacterial defense peptides, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx

A  penicillin

B  isoniazid

C  erythromycin

D  cephalosporin

E  vancomycin

A  True

B  False

A  They include topical medications that can be used to treat cutaneous infections. They include fluconazole which is used to treat AIDS-related mycoses. They are used to treat fungal infections.

B  They are used to treat viral infections. They include topical medications that can be used to treat cutaneous infections.

C  They are used to treat viral infections. They are used to treat fungal infections.

A  False

B  True

A  nucleic acid biosynthesis

B  ribosome biosynthesis

C  folic acid biosynthesis

D  None of the choices are correct.

E  peptidoglycan biosynthesis

F    

A  stable and soluble in body tissues and fluids

B  low toxicity for human tissues

C  do not cause serious side effects in humans

D  All of the choices are correct.

E  high toxicity against microbial cells

A  False

B  True

A  narrow-spectrum drugs

B  synthetic drugs

C  broad-spectrum drugs

D  antibiotics

E  semisynthetic drugs

A  Imipenem

B  Synercid

C  Clavulanic acid

D  Penicillinase

E  Aztreonam

A  damage cell membranes

B  block folic acid synthesis

C  interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan

D  block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules

E  attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis

A  False

B  True

A  False

B  True

A  False

B  True

A  False

B  True

A  prophylaxis

B  synergism

C  chemotherapy

D  nephrotoxicity

E  selective toxicity

A  gentamycin

B  streptomycin

C  polymyxins

D  erythromycin

E  tetracycline

A  Azoles, Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Echinocandins

B  Allylamines, Azoles, Macrolide polyenes, Echinocandins

C  Macrolide polyenes, Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Echinocandins

D  Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Allylamines, Azoles

A  False

B  True

A  attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis

B  damage cell membranes

C  interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan

D  block folic acid synthesis

E  block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules

A  Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Cephalosporium

B  Streptococcus, Penicillium

C  Streptococcus, Staphylococcus

D  Streptomyces, Bacillus, Cephalosporium, Penicillium

A  None of the choices are correct.

B  damage to pathogenic organisms

C  damage to nucleic acids

D  damage to prokaryotic cell membranes

E  damage to the target organisms but not host cells

A  False

B  True

A  False

B  True

A  sanitization

B  degermation

C  sterilization.

D  antisepsis

A  Dry; moist

B  Moist; dry

C  High; dry

D  High; moist

E  Moist; high

A  thermal death time (TDT)

B  thermal death point (TDP)

C  None of the choices are correct

D  sporicidal time

E  death phase point

A  disinfection

B  antisepsis

C  sterilization

D  decontamination

E  virilization

A  False

B  True

A  includes tyndallization

B  will sterilize at 121°C for 15 minutes

C  cannot sterilize

D  is used in devices called autoclaves

E  is less efficient than moist heat

A  cellular proteins

B  cell membranes

C  cell walls

D  cytoplasm

E  ribosomes

A  sterilization

B  bactericidal

C  bacteriostatic

D  None of the choices are correct

E  decontamination

A  blocking transport out from the organism

B  coating the organism, preventing interaction with its environment

C  blocking transport into the organism

D  All of the choices are correct

E  disrupting membrane integrity

A  sterilization

B  decontamination

C  sanitation

D  antisepsis

E  disinfection

A  alcohol

B  X rays

C  moist heat

D  acids

E  metallic ions

A  prions

B  endospores

C  mycobacteria and staphylococci

D  protozoan cysts

E  vegetative bacteria and fungi

A  False

B  True

A  False

B  True

A  hydrogen peroxide

B  pasteurization

C  boiling water

D  ultraviolet radiation

E  HEPA filters

A  steam autoclave

B  boiling water

C  All of the choices are correct

D  hot water

E  flash pasteurization

A  True

B  False

A  Sporicide

B  Bactericide

C  Germicide

D  Fungicide

E  Virucide

A  sterilization

B  antisepsis

C  disinfection

D  sanitization

E  degermation

A  None of the choices are correct

B  reduces the number of endospores

C  kills all vegetative forms

D  increases food nutrient value

E  reduces the number of vegetative forms

A  Cellular synthesis of DNA and RNA, Lysosomes

B  Lysosomes, Proteins

C  Cellular synthesis of DNA and RNA, Cell wall, Cell membrane, Proteins

D  Cell membrane, Lysosomes

A  False

B  True

A  thermal death point (TDP)

B  death phase point

C  sporicidal time

D  thermal death time (TDT)

E  None of the choices are correct