Lecture Exam 3 (Ch 9, 10, 11)

A  microorganisms colonizing the body

B  contact with microorganisms

C  pathogens penetrating host defenses

D  None of the choices are correct.

E  contact with pathogens

A  the birth process through the birth canal

B  All of the choices are correct.

C  contact with hospital staff

D  bottle feeding

E  breast feeding

A  False

B  True

A  exotoxins

B  proteins

C  All of thechoices are correct.

D  virulence factors

E  toxins that target the intestines

A  gastrointestinal system

B  respiratory system

C  urinary system

D  genital system

E  skin

A  False

B  True

A  Ability to survive intracellularly

B  Secretion of a capsule

C  Production of leukocidins

D  Secretion of slime

E  Adhering to the host

A    

B  antiphagocytic factors

C  proteins

D  lipopolysaccharides

E  secretions that always target nervous tissue

F  only released after a cell is damaged or lysed

A  Leukocidins – damage white blood cells

B  Fimbriae – adherence to substrate

C  Hemolysins – damage red blood cells

D  Coagulase – dissolve fibrin clots

E  Capsules – antiphagocytic factor

A  vector-borne

B  noncommunicable

C  zoonotic

D  polymicrobial

A  genital system

B  gastrointestinal system

C  respiratory system

D  urinary system

E  skin

A  Exocytosis

B  Phagocytosis

C  Adhesion

D  Margination

E  Encapsulation

A  False

B  True

A  minimal dose

B  infectious dose

C  indigenous biota

D  endotoxin

E  virulence factor

A  All of the choices are correct.

B  viruses

C  protozoans

D  fungi

E  bacteria

A  before birth, in utero

B  during puberty

C  during and immediately after birth

D  when a child first goes to school

E  when an infant gets its first infectious disease

A  False

B  True

A  an exotoxin

B  axenic

C  an enterotoxin

D  exogenous

E  endogenous

A  latent

B  chronic

C  asymptomatic

D  persistent

A  To determine the role the human microbiota plays in health and disease
To enumerate all of the members of the human microbiota, both those that can be cultured and those that are nonculturable

B  To eradicate thosemembers of the normal microbiota that may potentially cause disease.
To determine therole the human microbiota plays in health and disease.

C  To eradicate those members of the normal microbiota that may potentially cause disease
To determine antibiotic susceptibility of the most prevalent microorganisms among human microbiota

D  To determine antibiotic susceptibility of the most prevalent microorganisms among human microbiota
To enumerate all of the members of the human microbiota, both those that can be cultured and those that are culturable

A  True

B  False

A  True

B  False

A  Secretion of exotoxins

B  Epigenetic changes

C  Causing an overreaction of the host immune system

D  Causing direct damage through exoenzymes

A  Bats are the reservoir and the major source for SARS-CoV-2 in this pandemic.

B  Bats do not represent either the source or the reservoir for SARS-CoV-2.

C  Bats are the reservoir for SARS-CoV-2.

D  Bats are the source of most cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

A  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

B  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

C  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

D  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

A  CRISPR, Making use of host and bacterial defense peptides, Bacteriophage therapy, RNA interference–directed at bacterial mRNAs

B  CRISPR, Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx,

C  Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Making use of host and bacterial defense peptides, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx

D  Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx, Bacteriophage therapy

A  erythromycin

B  isoniazid

C  vancomycin

D  cephalosporin

E  penicillin

A  True

B  False

A  They are used to treat viral infections. They are used to treat fungal infections.

B  They are used to treat viral infections. They include topical medications that can be used to treat cutaneous infections.

C  They include topical medications that can be used to treat cutaneous infections. They include fluconazole which is used to treat AIDS-related mycoses. They are used to treat fungal infections.

A  True

B  False

A  ribosome biosynthesis

B    

C  None of the choices are correct.

D  folic acid biosynthesis

E  nucleic acid biosynthesis

F  peptidoglycan biosynthesis

A  do not cause serious side effects in humans

B  high toxicity against microbial cells

C  low toxicity for human tissues

D  All of the choices are correct.

E  stable and soluble in body tissues and fluids

A  False

B  True

A  semisynthetic drugs

B  synthetic drugs

C  narrow-spectrum drugs

D  antibiotics

E  broad-spectrum drugs

A  Penicillinase

B  Aztreonam

C  Imipenem

D  Clavulanic acid

E  Synercid

A  attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis

B  block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules

C  damage cell membranes

D  interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan

E  block folic acid synthesis

A  True

B  False

A  False

B  True

A  False

B  True

A  True

B  False

A  selective toxicity

B  synergism

C  nephrotoxicity

D  prophylaxis

E  chemotherapy

A  gentamycin

B  tetracycline

C  erythromycin

D  streptomycin

E  polymyxins

A  Macrolide polyenes, Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Echinocandins

B  Azoles, Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Echinocandins

C  Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Allylamines, Azoles

D  Allylamines, Azoles, Macrolide polyenes, Echinocandins

A  False

B  True

A  damage cell membranes

B  interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan

C  block folic acid synthesis

D  block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules

E  attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis

A  Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Cephalosporium

B  Streptomyces, Bacillus, Cephalosporium, Penicillium

C  Streptococcus, Penicillium

D  Streptococcus, Staphylococcus

A  None of the choices are correct.

B  damage to prokaryotic cell membranes

C  damage to the target organisms but not host cells

D  damage to nucleic acids

E  damage to pathogenic organisms

A  True

B  False

A  False

B  True

A  antisepsis

B  sanitization

C  sterilization.

D  degermation

A  Moist; dry

B  High; moist

C  Dry; moist

D  High; dry

E  Moist; high

A  None of the choices are correct

B  death phase point

C  thermal death time (TDT)

D  sporicidal time

E  thermal death point (TDP)

A  antisepsis

B  disinfection

C  virilization

D  decontamination

E  sterilization

A  False

B  True

A  is used in devices called autoclaves

B  is less efficient than moist heat

C  will sterilize at 121°C for 15 minutes

D  includes tyndallization

E  cannot sterilize

A  ribosomes

B  cell membranes

C  cellular proteins

D  cytoplasm

E  cell walls

A  bacteriostatic

B  decontamination

C  None of the choices are correct

D  sterilization

E  bactericidal

A  blocking transport into the organism

B  All of the choices are correct

C  disrupting membrane integrity

D  blocking transport out from the organism

E  coating the organism, preventing interaction with its environment

A  disinfection

B  decontamination

C  sanitation

D  sterilization

E  antisepsis

A  moist heat

B  X rays

C  metallic ions

D  acids

E  alcohol

A  prions

B  mycobacteria and staphylococci

C  vegetative bacteria and fungi

D  protozoan cysts

E  endospores

A  True

B  False

A  False

B  True

A  hydrogen peroxide

B  HEPA filters

C  ultraviolet radiation

D  pasteurization

E  boiling water

A  hot water

B  All of the choices are correct

C  flash pasteurization

D  steam autoclave

E  boiling water

A  False

B  True

A  Virucide

B  Sporicide

C  Bactericide

D  Germicide

E  Fungicide

A  disinfection

B  sanitization

C  sterilization

D  degermation

E  antisepsis

A  increases food nutrient value

B  None of the choices are correct

C  reduces the number of endospores

D  reduces the number of vegetative forms

E  kills all vegetative forms

A  Lysosomes, Proteins

B  Cell membrane, Lysosomes

C  Cellular synthesis of DNA and RNA, Lysosomes

D  Cellular synthesis of DNA and RNA, Cell wall, Cell membrane, Proteins

A  False

B  True

A  thermal death time (TDT)

B  death phase point

C  thermal death point (TDP)

D  None of the choices are correct

E  sporicidal time