Lecture Exam 3 (Ch 9, 10, 11)

A  contact with microorganisms

B  microorganisms colonizing the body

C  None of the choices are correct.

D  contact with pathogens

E  pathogens penetrating host defenses

A  All of the choices are correct.

B  the birth process through the birth canal

C  bottle feeding

D  contact with hospital staff

E  breast feeding

A  False

B  True

A  exotoxins

B  virulence factors

C  proteins

D  All of thechoices are correct.

E  toxins that target the intestines

A  gastrointestinal system

B  genital system

C  urinary system

D  respiratory system

E  skin

A  False

B  True

A  Secretion of slime

B  Secretion of a capsule

C  Ability to survive intracellularly

D  Production of leukocidins

E  Adhering to the host

A  lipopolysaccharides

B  proteins

C    

D  secretions that always target nervous tissue

E  antiphagocytic factors

F  only released after a cell is damaged or lysed

A  Coagulase – dissolve fibrin clots

B  Fimbriae – adherence to substrate

C  Hemolysins – damage red blood cells

D  Capsules – antiphagocytic factor

E  Leukocidins – damage white blood cells

A  zoonotic

B  polymicrobial

C  noncommunicable

D  vector-borne

A  gastrointestinal system

B  urinary system

C  genital system

D  respiratory system

E  skin

A  Exocytosis

B  Margination

C  Encapsulation

D  Phagocytosis

E  Adhesion

A  False

B  True

A  minimal dose

B  indigenous biota

C  infectious dose

D  virulence factor

E  endotoxin

A  All of the choices are correct.

B  protozoans

C  bacteria

D  viruses

E  fungi

A  during and immediately after birth

B  during puberty

C  when an infant gets its first infectious disease

D  when a child first goes to school

E  before birth, in utero

A  False

B  True

A  an enterotoxin

B  an exotoxin

C  exogenous

D  axenic

E  endogenous

A  asymptomatic

B  latent

C  chronic

D  persistent

A  To determine the role the human microbiota plays in health and disease
To enumerate all of the members of the human microbiota, both those that can be cultured and those that are nonculturable

B  To eradicate thosemembers of the normal microbiota that may potentially cause disease.
To determine therole the human microbiota plays in health and disease.

C  To determine antibiotic susceptibility of the most prevalent microorganisms among human microbiota
To enumerate all of the members of the human microbiota, both those that can be cultured and those that are culturable

D  To eradicate those members of the normal microbiota that may potentially cause disease
To determine antibiotic susceptibility of the most prevalent microorganisms among human microbiota

A  True

B  False

A  False

B  True

A  Causing an overreaction of the host immune system

B  Epigenetic changes

C  Causing direct damage through exoenzymes

D  Secretion of exotoxins

A  Bats are the reservoir for SARS-CoV-2.

B  Bats do not represent either the source or the reservoir for SARS-CoV-2.

C  Bats are the reservoir and the major source for SARS-CoV-2 in this pandemic.

D  Bats are the source of most cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

A  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

B  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

C  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

D  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

A  CRISPR, Making use of host and bacterial defense peptides, Bacteriophage therapy, RNA interference–directed at bacterial mRNAs

B  Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx, Bacteriophage therapy

C  Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Making use of host and bacterial defense peptides, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx

D  CRISPR, Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx,

A  vancomycin

B  isoniazid

C  erythromycin

D  cephalosporin

E  penicillin

A  False

B  True

A  They include topical medications that can be used to treat cutaneous infections. They include fluconazole which is used to treat AIDS-related mycoses. They are used to treat fungal infections.

B  They are used to treat viral infections. They are used to treat fungal infections.

C  They are used to treat viral infections. They include topical medications that can be used to treat cutaneous infections.

A  True

B  False

A  nucleic acid biosynthesis

B  folic acid biosynthesis

C    

D  ribosome biosynthesis

E  peptidoglycan biosynthesis

F  None of the choices are correct.

A  do not cause serious side effects in humans

B  high toxicity against microbial cells

C  stable and soluble in body tissues and fluids

D  All of the choices are correct.

E  low toxicity for human tissues

A  False

B  True

A  semisynthetic drugs

B  antibiotics

C  narrow-spectrum drugs

D  broad-spectrum drugs

E  synthetic drugs

A  Penicillinase

B  Aztreonam

C  Clavulanic acid

D  Synercid

E  Imipenem

A  damage cell membranes

B  interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan

C  block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules

D  attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis

E  block folic acid synthesis

A  False

B  True

A  False

B  True

A  True

B  False

A  False

B  True

A  selective toxicity

B  synergism

C  chemotherapy

D  prophylaxis

E  nephrotoxicity

A  gentamycin

B  tetracycline

C  erythromycin

D  polymyxins

E  streptomycin

A  Allylamines, Azoles, Macrolide polyenes, Echinocandins

B  Macrolide polyenes, Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Echinocandins

C  Azoles, Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Echinocandins

D  Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Allylamines, Azoles

A  False

B  True

A  attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis

B  block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules

C  interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan

D  damage cell membranes

E  block folic acid synthesis

A  Streptococcus, Staphylococcus

B  Streptomyces, Bacillus, Cephalosporium, Penicillium

C  Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Cephalosporium

D  Streptococcus, Penicillium

A  damage to the target organisms but not host cells

B  damage to nucleic acids

C  damage to pathogenic organisms

D  None of the choices are correct.

E  damage to prokaryotic cell membranes

A  True

B  False

A  False

B  True

A  degermation

B  sterilization.

C  antisepsis

D  sanitization

A  High; dry

B  Moist; high

C  Dry; moist

D  Moist; dry

E  High; moist

A  death phase point

B  None of the choices are correct

C  thermal death time (TDT)

D  thermal death point (TDP)

E  sporicidal time

A  sterilization

B  decontamination

C  disinfection

D  virilization

E  antisepsis

A  False

B  True

A  is used in devices called autoclaves

B  includes tyndallization

C  is less efficient than moist heat

D  will sterilize at 121°C for 15 minutes

E  cannot sterilize

A  cell membranes

B  cellular proteins

C  cytoplasm

D  cell walls

E  ribosomes

A  bactericidal

B  sterilization

C  decontamination

D  None of the choices are correct

E  bacteriostatic

A  All of the choices are correct

B  blocking transport out from the organism

C  disrupting membrane integrity

D  coating the organism, preventing interaction with its environment

E  blocking transport into the organism

A  sanitation

B  antisepsis

C  sterilization

D  decontamination

E  disinfection

A  metallic ions

B  acids

C  moist heat

D  alcohol

E  X rays

A  mycobacteria and staphylococci

B  protozoan cysts

C  vegetative bacteria and fungi

D  prions

E  endospores

A  True

B  False

A  True

B  False

A  HEPA filters

B  boiling water

C  ultraviolet radiation

D  pasteurization

E  hydrogen peroxide

A  boiling water

B  All of the choices are correct

C  hot water

D  flash pasteurization

E  steam autoclave

A  False

B  True

A  Virucide

B  Bactericide

C  Sporicide

D  Germicide

E  Fungicide

A  sanitization

B  disinfection

C  sterilization

D  degermation

E  antisepsis

A  reduces the number of vegetative forms

B  None of the choices are correct

C  kills all vegetative forms

D  reduces the number of endospores

E  increases food nutrient value

A  Cellular synthesis of DNA and RNA, Cell wall, Cell membrane, Proteins

B  Lysosomes, Proteins

C  Cellular synthesis of DNA and RNA, Lysosomes

D  Cell membrane, Lysosomes

A  False

B  True

A  thermal death point (TDP)

B  death phase point

C  thermal death time (TDT)

D  None of the choices are correct

E  sporicidal time