Lecture Exam 3 (Ch 9, 10, 11)

A  None of the choices are correct.

B  contact with microorganisms

C  contact with pathogens

D  microorganisms colonizing the body

E  pathogens penetrating host defenses

A  contact with hospital staff

B  All of the choices are correct.

C  the birth process through the birth canal

D  breast feeding

E  bottle feeding

A  True

B  False

A  toxins that target the intestines

B  All of thechoices are correct.

C  proteins

D  virulence factors

E  exotoxins

A  respiratory system

B  urinary system

C  skin

D  gastrointestinal system

E  genital system

A  False

B  True

A  Secretion of slime

B  Adhering to the host

C  Secretion of a capsule

D  Production of leukocidins

E  Ability to survive intracellularly

A  antiphagocytic factors

B  secretions that always target nervous tissue

C  proteins

D    

E  lipopolysaccharides

F  only released after a cell is damaged or lysed

A  Coagulase – dissolve fibrin clots

B  Leukocidins – damage white blood cells

C  Hemolysins – damage red blood cells

D  Capsules – antiphagocytic factor

E  Fimbriae – adherence to substrate

A  vector-borne

B  polymicrobial

C  zoonotic

D  noncommunicable

A  urinary system

B  respiratory system

C  gastrointestinal system

D  genital system

E  skin

A  Phagocytosis

B  Adhesion

C  Margination

D  Encapsulation

E  Exocytosis

A  True

B  False

A  virulence factor

B  indigenous biota

C  endotoxin

D  minimal dose

E  infectious dose

A  All of the choices are correct.

B  protozoans

C  viruses

D  bacteria

E  fungi

A  before birth, in utero

B  when a child first goes to school

C  when an infant gets its first infectious disease

D  during and immediately after birth

E  during puberty

A  True

B  False

A  an exotoxin

B  an enterotoxin

C  exogenous

D  endogenous

E  axenic

A  latent

B  chronic

C  asymptomatic

D  persistent

A  To eradicate thosemembers of the normal microbiota that may potentially cause disease.
To determine therole the human microbiota plays in health and disease.

B  To determine antibiotic susceptibility of the most prevalent microorganisms among human microbiota
To enumerate all of the members of the human microbiota, both those that can be cultured and those that are culturable

C  To determine the role the human microbiota plays in health and disease
To enumerate all of the members of the human microbiota, both those that can be cultured and those that are nonculturable

D  To eradicate those members of the normal microbiota that may potentially cause disease
To determine antibiotic susceptibility of the most prevalent microorganisms among human microbiota

A  True

B  False

A  False

B  True

A  Causing direct damage through exoenzymes

B  Epigenetic changes

C  Secretion of exotoxins

D  Causing an overreaction of the host immune system

A  Bats are the reservoir and the major source for SARS-CoV-2 in this pandemic.

B  Bats do not represent either the source or the reservoir for SARS-CoV-2.

C  Bats are the source of most cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

D  Bats are the reservoir for SARS-CoV-2.

A  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

B  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

C  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

D  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

A  CRISPR, Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx,

B  CRISPR, Making use of host and bacterial defense peptides, Bacteriophage therapy, RNA interference–directed at bacterial mRNAs

C  Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Making use of host and bacterial defense peptides, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx

D  Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx, Bacteriophage therapy

A  cephalosporin

B  erythromycin

C  vancomycin

D  penicillin

E  isoniazid

A  True

B  False

A  They are used to treat viral infections. They are used to treat fungal infections.

B  They are used to treat viral infections. They include topical medications that can be used to treat cutaneous infections.

C  They include topical medications that can be used to treat cutaneous infections. They include fluconazole which is used to treat AIDS-related mycoses. They are used to treat fungal infections.

A  False

B  True

A    

B  peptidoglycan biosynthesis

C  folic acid biosynthesis

D  ribosome biosynthesis

E  nucleic acid biosynthesis

F  None of the choices are correct.

A  do not cause serious side effects in humans

B  stable and soluble in body tissues and fluids

C  high toxicity against microbial cells

D  All of the choices are correct.

E  low toxicity for human tissues

A  False

B  True

A  antibiotics

B  semisynthetic drugs

C  synthetic drugs

D  narrow-spectrum drugs

E  broad-spectrum drugs

A  Penicillinase

B  Imipenem

C  Aztreonam

D  Clavulanic acid

E  Synercid

A  block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules

B  interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan

C  damage cell membranes

D  attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis

E  block folic acid synthesis

A  False

B  True

A  False

B  True

A  False

B  True

A  False

B  True

A  prophylaxis

B  synergism

C  chemotherapy

D  nephrotoxicity

E  selective toxicity

A  streptomycin

B  tetracycline

C  polymyxins

D  gentamycin

E  erythromycin

A  Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Allylamines, Azoles

B  Allylamines, Azoles, Macrolide polyenes, Echinocandins

C  Macrolide polyenes, Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Echinocandins

D  Azoles, Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Echinocandins

A  False

B  True

A  attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis

B  damage cell membranes

C  block folic acid synthesis

D  block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules

E  interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan

A  Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Cephalosporium

B  Streptococcus, Penicillium

C  Streptomyces, Bacillus, Cephalosporium, Penicillium

D  Streptococcus, Staphylococcus

A  damage to nucleic acids

B  damage to prokaryotic cell membranes

C  damage to pathogenic organisms

D  None of the choices are correct.

E  damage to the target organisms but not host cells

A  True

B  False

A  False

B  True

A  degermation

B  sanitization

C  sterilization.

D  antisepsis

A  Moist; dry

B  Moist; high

C  Dry; moist

D  High; moist

E  High; dry

A  sporicidal time

B  thermal death point (TDP)

C  None of the choices are correct

D  thermal death time (TDT)

E  death phase point

A  decontamination

B  disinfection

C  antisepsis

D  sterilization

E  virilization

A  False

B  True

A  is less efficient than moist heat

B  cannot sterilize

C  is used in devices called autoclaves

D  includes tyndallization

E  will sterilize at 121°C for 15 minutes

A  ribosomes

B  cell membranes

C  cytoplasm

D  cellular proteins

E  cell walls

A  None of the choices are correct

B  decontamination

C  bacteriostatic

D  bactericidal

E  sterilization

A  All of the choices are correct

B  blocking transport out from the organism

C  blocking transport into the organism

D  coating the organism, preventing interaction with its environment

E  disrupting membrane integrity

A  sterilization

B  decontamination

C  sanitation

D  antisepsis

E  disinfection

A  alcohol

B  acids

C  X rays

D  moist heat

E  metallic ions

A  prions

B  vegetative bacteria and fungi

C  mycobacteria and staphylococci

D  protozoan cysts

E  endospores

A  False

B  True

A  False

B  True

A  boiling water

B  hydrogen peroxide

C  ultraviolet radiation

D  HEPA filters

E  pasteurization

A  boiling water

B  All of the choices are correct

C  hot water

D  steam autoclave

E  flash pasteurization

A  True

B  False

A  Bactericide

B  Germicide

C  Virucide

D  Fungicide

E  Sporicide

A  sterilization

B  antisepsis

C  degermation

D  sanitization

E  disinfection

A  increases food nutrient value

B  None of the choices are correct

C  reduces the number of endospores

D  kills all vegetative forms

E  reduces the number of vegetative forms

A  Lysosomes, Proteins

B  Cellular synthesis of DNA and RNA, Cell wall, Cell membrane, Proteins

C  Cell membrane, Lysosomes

D  Cellular synthesis of DNA and RNA, Lysosomes

A  True

B  False

A  thermal death point (TDP)

B  death phase point

C  sporicidal time

D  thermal death time (TDT)

E  None of the choices are correct