Lecture Exam 3 (Ch 9, 10, 11)

A  None of the choices are correct.

B  contact with microorganisms

C  pathogens penetrating host defenses

D  microorganisms colonizing the body

E  contact with pathogens

A  contact with hospital staff

B  breast feeding

C  the birth process through the birth canal

D  All of the choices are correct.

E  bottle feeding

A  True

B  False

A  proteins

B  All of thechoices are correct.

C  exotoxins

D  toxins that target the intestines

E  virulence factors

A  gastrointestinal system

B  respiratory system

C  genital system

D  skin

E  urinary system

A  True

B  False

A  Adhering to the host

B  Secretion of slime

C  Production of leukocidins

D  Secretion of a capsule

E  Ability to survive intracellularly

A  proteins

B  secretions that always target nervous tissue

C  antiphagocytic factors

D    

E  only released after a cell is damaged or lysed

F  lipopolysaccharides

A  Capsules – antiphagocytic factor

B  Leukocidins – damage white blood cells

C  Coagulase – dissolve fibrin clots

D  Hemolysins – damage red blood cells

E  Fimbriae – adherence to substrate

A  zoonotic

B  polymicrobial

C  vector-borne

D  noncommunicable

A  genital system

B  skin

C  urinary system

D  gastrointestinal system

E  respiratory system

A  Exocytosis

B  Adhesion

C  Margination

D  Encapsulation

E  Phagocytosis

A  False

B  True

A  infectious dose

B  virulence factor

C  minimal dose

D  endotoxin

E  indigenous biota

A  protozoans

B  All of the choices are correct.

C  viruses

D  bacteria

E  fungi

A  when an infant gets its first infectious disease

B  when a child first goes to school

C  during puberty

D  before birth, in utero

E  during and immediately after birth

A  True

B  False

A  endogenous

B  exogenous

C  an exotoxin

D  an enterotoxin

E  axenic

A  chronic

B  persistent

C  latent

D  asymptomatic

A  To determine the role the human microbiota plays in health and disease
To enumerate all of the members of the human microbiota, both those that can be cultured and those that are nonculturable

B  To eradicate thosemembers of the normal microbiota that may potentially cause disease.
To determine therole the human microbiota plays in health and disease.

C  To determine antibiotic susceptibility of the most prevalent microorganisms among human microbiota
To enumerate all of the members of the human microbiota, both those that can be cultured and those that are culturable

D  To eradicate those members of the normal microbiota that may potentially cause disease
To determine antibiotic susceptibility of the most prevalent microorganisms among human microbiota

A  False

B  True

A  True

B  False

A  Epigenetic changes

B  Causing an overreaction of the host immune system

C  Secretion of exotoxins

D  Causing direct damage through exoenzymes

A  Bats are the reservoir for SARS-CoV-2.

B  Bats do not represent either the source or the reservoir for SARS-CoV-2.

C  Bats are the source of most cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

D  Bats are the reservoir and the major source for SARS-CoV-2 in this pandemic.

A  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

B  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

C  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

D  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

A  CRISPR, Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx,

B  Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx, Bacteriophage therapy

C  CRISPR, Making use of host and bacterial defense peptides, Bacteriophage therapy, RNA interference–directed at bacterial mRNAs

D  Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Making use of host and bacterial defense peptides, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx

A  isoniazid

B  cephalosporin

C  erythromycin

D  vancomycin

E  penicillin

A  False

B  True

A  They include topical medications that can be used to treat cutaneous infections. They include fluconazole which is used to treat AIDS-related mycoses. They are used to treat fungal infections.

B  They are used to treat viral infections. They are used to treat fungal infections.

C  They are used to treat viral infections. They include topical medications that can be used to treat cutaneous infections.

A  True

B  False

A  peptidoglycan biosynthesis

B  ribosome biosynthesis

C    

D  folic acid biosynthesis

E  None of the choices are correct.

F  nucleic acid biosynthesis

A  All of the choices are correct.

B  low toxicity for human tissues

C  do not cause serious side effects in humans

D  stable and soluble in body tissues and fluids

E  high toxicity against microbial cells

A  False

B  True

A  broad-spectrum drugs

B  antibiotics

C  semisynthetic drugs

D  narrow-spectrum drugs

E  synthetic drugs

A  Clavulanic acid

B  Synercid

C  Imipenem

D  Aztreonam

E  Penicillinase

A  block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules

B  block folic acid synthesis

C  damage cell membranes

D  attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis

E  interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan

A  False

B  True

A  False

B  True

A  False

B  True

A  False

B  True

A  selective toxicity

B  nephrotoxicity

C  prophylaxis

D  chemotherapy

E  synergism

A  tetracycline

B  gentamycin

C  streptomycin

D  polymyxins

E  erythromycin

A  Azoles, Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Echinocandins

B  Macrolide polyenes, Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Echinocandins

C  Allylamines, Azoles, Macrolide polyenes, Echinocandins

D  Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Allylamines, Azoles

A  False

B  True

A  attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis

B  damage cell membranes

C  interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan

D  block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules

E  block folic acid synthesis

A  Streptomyces, Bacillus, Cephalosporium, Penicillium

B  Streptococcus, Penicillium

C  Streptococcus, Staphylococcus

D  Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Cephalosporium

A  None of the choices are correct.

B  damage to the target organisms but not host cells

C  damage to pathogenic organisms

D  damage to prokaryotic cell membranes

E  damage to nucleic acids

A  True

B  False

A  True

B  False

A  sterilization.

B  antisepsis

C  sanitization

D  degermation

A  High; dry

B  Dry; moist

C  High; moist

D  Moist; high

E  Moist; dry

A  sporicidal time

B  thermal death time (TDT)

C  None of the choices are correct

D  death phase point

E  thermal death point (TDP)

A  sterilization

B  antisepsis

C  virilization

D  decontamination

E  disinfection

A  True

B  False

A  is less efficient than moist heat

B  will sterilize at 121°C for 15 minutes

C  cannot sterilize

D  includes tyndallization

E  is used in devices called autoclaves

A  cell walls

B  cytoplasm

C  ribosomes

D  cell membranes

E  cellular proteins

A  decontamination

B  bactericidal

C  None of the choices are correct

D  sterilization

E  bacteriostatic

A  blocking transport out from the organism

B  blocking transport into the organism

C  coating the organism, preventing interaction with its environment

D  disrupting membrane integrity

E  All of the choices are correct

A  decontamination

B  sanitation

C  antisepsis

D  disinfection

E  sterilization

A  alcohol

B  acids

C  moist heat

D  metallic ions

E  X rays

A  mycobacteria and staphylococci

B  vegetative bacteria and fungi

C  endospores

D  prions

E  protozoan cysts

A  True

B  False

A  False

B  True

A  HEPA filters

B  ultraviolet radiation

C  pasteurization

D  boiling water

E  hydrogen peroxide

A  flash pasteurization

B  All of the choices are correct

C  hot water

D  boiling water

E  steam autoclave

A  True

B  False

A  Fungicide

B  Virucide

C  Bactericide

D  Germicide

E  Sporicide

A  degermation

B  sanitization

C  disinfection

D  sterilization

E  antisepsis

A  kills all vegetative forms

B  None of the choices are correct

C  reduces the number of vegetative forms

D  increases food nutrient value

E  reduces the number of endospores

A  Cell membrane, Lysosomes

B  Cellular synthesis of DNA and RNA, Cell wall, Cell membrane, Proteins

C  Lysosomes, Proteins

D  Cellular synthesis of DNA and RNA, Lysosomes

A  False

B  True

A  death phase point

B  sporicidal time

C  None of the choices are correct

D  thermal death time (TDT)

E  thermal death point (TDP)