Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4

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Question #1

Which is not a characteristic of fungi?

A Can use a wide variety of nutrients

B Have cell walls

C Heterotrophic nutrition

D Photosynthetic

E Include single-celled and filamentous forms

Question #2

All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.

A motility

B heterotrophic nutrition

C formation of a cyst stage

D ectoplasm and endoplasm

E cell wall

Question #3

The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______.

A trophozoite

B cyst

C oocyst

D sporozoite

E food vacuole

Question #4

Filamentous fungi are called _______.

A septa

B dimorphic

C pseudohyphae

D mycelium

E molds

Question #5

Which is mismatched?

A Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection

B Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever

C Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease

D Giardia— causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water

E Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection

Question #6

Histones are ________.

A found in polyribosomes

B proteins of the cytoskeleton

C on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum

D proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus

E enzymes found in lysosomes

Question #7

Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.

A Algae, Plants, and Fungi

B Fungi, Protozoa and Animals

C Protozoa and Animals

D Algae, Protozoa and Animals

Question #8

Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.

A dimorphic

B spores

C parasites

D pseudohyphae

E saprobes

Question #9

Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______.

A dimorphic

B nonseptate

C saprobes

D parasites

E substrates

Question #10

The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.

A Golgi apparatus

B nucleus

C ribosome

D lysosome

E nucleolus

Question #11

Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms.

A Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea

B Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi

C Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, and Fungi

D Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea

Question #12

Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.

A facilitate phototaxis

B are long, whiplike structures

C are used for cell motility

D contain microtubules

E facilitate chemotaxis

Question #13

An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.

A chloroplast

B mitochondria

C lysosome

D endoplasmic reticulum

E Golgi apparatus

Question #14

During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.

A trophozoite

B endospore

C seed

D sporozoa

E cyst

Question #15

The cytoskeleton ________.

A helps maintain cell shape

B All of the choices are correct.

C functions in movements of the cytoplasm

D provides support

E anchors organelles

Question #16

There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.

A None of the choices are correct.

B cilia

C microtubules

D flagella

E filaments

Question #17

When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.

A chromatin

B nucleolus

C nuclear envelope

D nucleosome

E nucleoplasm

Question #18

Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes.

A Sterols, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins

B Sterols, Transport systems and Phospholipid bilayer

C Phospholipid bilayer, Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins

D Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Sterols

Question #19

The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #20

Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?

A Coccus

B Spirochete

C Vibrio

D Tetrad

E Rod

Question #21

The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.

A flagella

B fimbriae

C periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

D cilia

E sex pili

Question #22

Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?

A All of the choices are correct.

B Slime layer

C Fimbriae

D Cell membrane

E Capsule

Question #23

Plasmids ________.

A are often the site of pathogenic genes

B are found in all bacteria

C cannot be passed on to progeny

D are essential for growth and metabolism

E cannot be passed between organisms

Question #24

All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.

A fimbriae

B inclusions

C LPS

D capsule

E slime layer

Question #25

The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______.

A amphitrichous

B lophotrichous

C peritrichous

D atrichous

E monotrichous

Question #26

Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______.

A Clostridium

B All of thechoices are correct.

C Sporosarcina

D Bacillus

E Staphylococcus

Question #27

When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #28

The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called _______.

A sex pili

B periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

C fimbriae

D flagella

E cilia

Question #29

A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.

A acid fast

B found in archaea

C gram-positive

D gram-negative

E a spheroplast

Question #30

The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______.

A rRNA

B mRNA

C tRNA

D All of thechoices are correct.

E None of thechoices is correct.

Question #31

During the Gram stain, ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.

B both gram-positive and -negative

C gram-negative

D gram-positive

Question #32

Lysozyme is most effective against _______.

A archaea

B gram-negative organisms

C mycoplasmas

D cyanobacteria

E gram-positive organisms

Question #33

Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #34

Endospores are ________.

A metabolically inactive

B resistant to destruction by radiation

C living structures

D All of the choices are correct.

E resistant to heat and chemical destruction

Question #35

Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.

A slime layers

B inclusions

C cell membranes

D capsules

E cell walls

Question #36

Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?

A The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.

B The lipid portionof the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.

C The porinproteins create channels through the outer membrane.

D Gram-positivebacteria have an outer membrane.

E The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.

Question #37

A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its _______.

A outer membrane

B sheath

C hook

D basal body

E filament

Question #38

Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.

A anaerobic

B autotrophic

C fastidious

D aerobic

E microaerophilic

Question #39

Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?

A Nosepiece

B Condenser

C Body

D Ocular lens

E Objective lens

Question #40

Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?

A Loop

B Pipette

C Swab

D Petri dish

E Needle

Question #41

All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ______.

A it requires an ultraviolet radiation source

B it is a type of compound microscope

C it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein

D it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections

E it uses electrons to produce a specimen image

Question #42

A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.

A trypticase soy agar

B mannitol salt agar

C MacConkey medium

D a reducing medium

E blood agar

Question #43

Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?

A Reducing

B Selective

C Enriched

D Enumeration

E Differential

Question #44

Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope’s ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?

A Magnification

B Refraction

C None of the choices are correct.

D Resolving power

E All of thechoices are correct.

Question #45

Select the methods below that enable the isolation of bacteria.

A Gram stain, Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media,

B Gram stain, Loop dilution, Bright-field microscopy, Use of selective media,

C Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media, Quadrant streak plate

D Gram stain, Bright-field microscopy, Spread plate, Use of selective media,

Question #46

A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler’s methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ______.

A simple staining

B negative staining

C using the acid-fast stain

D capsule staining

E using an acidic dye

Question #47

Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?

A Differential interference contrast

B Scanning electron

C Phase contrast

D Transmission electron

E Fluorescence

Question #48

The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ______.

A flagellar stain

B hanging drop

C negative stain

D fixed stained smear

E Gram stain

Question #49

A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?

A The culturemedium must be selective.

B The culturemedium must be differential.

C Themicrobiologist used too much inoculum.

D The culture iscontaminated.

E The incubationtemperature was incorrect.

Question #50

Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?

A Is solid at room temperature

B Holds moisture

C Has flexibility

D Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful

E Is digested by most microbes

Question #51

A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.

A enriched

B synthetic

C minimal

D complex

E reducing

Question #52

Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?

A Fluorescence

B Dark field

C Phase contrast

D Electron

E Bright field

Question #53

Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?

A Blood

B EMB

C Thioglycollate

D General purpose

E Transport

Question #54

Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.

A algae

B euglena

C green plant

D mold

E fungus

Question #55

The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.

A phase contrast

B bright field

C electron

D dark field

E fluorescence

Question #56

Select the elements necessary for good microscopy.

A Ability to observe cells in the living state, Contrast, Specimen holder

B Adequate magnification, Contrast, Resolution

C Ability to observe cells in the living state, Adequate magnification, Specimen holder

D Ability to observe cells in the living state, Use of wavelengths other than the visible spectrum, Specimen holder

Question #57

Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #58

A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is working on ________.

A determining if that species is the cause of a new disease

B bioremediation

C nomenclature

D recombinant DNA

E determining evolutionary relatedness

Question #59

Helminths are _____.

A infectious particles

B protozoa

C molds

D bacteria

E parasitic worms

Question #60

Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.

A nitrogen

B phosphorous

C carbon

D oxygen

E hydrogen

Question #61

Most microorganisms that are found in and on humans do not cause harm and can sometimes benefit the host.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #62

All proteins are enzymes.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #63

Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?

A Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses

B Bacteria are larger than viruses

C Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria

D Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms

Question #64

Taxonomy does not involve _____.

A classification

B taxa

C common name

D nomenclature

E identification

Question #65

The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____.

A respiratory diseases

B diarrheal diseases

C measles

D malaria diseases

E AIDS-related diseases

Question #66

Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:

A family, genus,species

B genus, species,family

C family, order,class

D kingdom, domain,phylum

E class, phylum,order

Question #67

Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?

A Viruses

B Fungi

C Parasites

D Bacteria

E Helminths

Question #68

Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #69

Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.

A fermenters

B decomposers

C eukaryotes

D pathogens

E prokaryotes

Question #70

When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.

A taxonomy

B genetic engineering

C epidemiology

D bioremediation

E immunology

Question #71

Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.

A pathogens

B prokaryotes

C fermenters

D eukaryotes

E decomposers

Question #72

Koch’s postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.

A a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom

B a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease

C life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms

D microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills

E microbes are found on dust particles

Question #73

All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.

A lack a cell nucleus

B cause human disease

C are infectious particles

D are too small to be seen with the unaided eye

E can only be found growing in laboratories

Question #74

All of the following are lipids except _____.

A phospholipid

B cholesterol

C wax

D starch

E triglyceride

Question #75

The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was _____.

A Francesco Redi

B Joseph Lister

C Louis Pasteur

D Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

E Robert Koch

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Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4

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