Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4

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Question #1

Which is not a characteristic of fungi?

A Include single-celled and filamentous forms

B Have cell walls

C Heterotrophic nutrition

D Can use a wide variety of nutrients

E Photosynthetic

Question #2

All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.

A heterotrophic nutrition

B cell wall

C motility

D formation of a cyst stage

E ectoplasm and endoplasm

Question #3

The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______.

A oocyst

B trophozoite

C food vacuole

D cyst

E sporozoite

Question #4

Filamentous fungi are called _______.

A septa

B pseudohyphae

C molds

D mycelium

E dimorphic

Question #5

Which is mismatched?

A Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection

B Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease

C Giardia— causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water

D Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection

E Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever

Question #6

Histones are ________.

A found in polyribosomes

B on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum

C enzymes found in lysosomes

D proteins of the cytoskeleton

E proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus

Question #7

Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.

A Algae, Protozoa and Animals

B Fungi, Protozoa and Animals

C Algae, Plants, and Fungi

D Protozoa and Animals

Question #8

Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.

A pseudohyphae

B saprobes

C spores

D parasites

E dimorphic

Question #9

Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______.

A substrates

B nonseptate

C saprobes

D dimorphic

E parasites

Question #10

The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.

A Golgi apparatus

B lysosome

C nucleus

D nucleolus

E ribosome

Question #11

Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms.

A Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea

B Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi

C Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea

D Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, and Fungi

Question #12

Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.

A are used for cell motility

B contain microtubules

C facilitate phototaxis

D facilitate chemotaxis

E are long, whiplike structures

Question #13

An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.

A mitochondria

B chloroplast

C endoplasmic reticulum

D lysosome

E Golgi apparatus

Question #14

During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.

A sporozoa

B endospore

C trophozoite

D cyst

E seed

Question #15

The cytoskeleton ________.

A functions in movements of the cytoplasm

B helps maintain cell shape

C All of the choices are correct.

D provides support

E anchors organelles

Question #16

There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.

A filaments

B microtubules

C None of the choices are correct.

D cilia

E flagella

Question #17

When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.

A nucleolus

B nucleosome

C nucleoplasm

D nuclear envelope

E chromatin

Question #18

Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes.

A Phospholipid bilayer, Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins

B Sterols, Transport systems and Phospholipid bilayer

C Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Sterols

D Sterols, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins

Question #19

The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #20

Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?

A Vibrio

B Rod

C Tetrad

D Coccus

E Spirochete

Question #21

The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.

A cilia

B sex pili

C flagella

D fimbriae

E periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

Question #22

Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?

A Cell membrane

B Capsule

C All of the choices are correct.

D Slime layer

E Fimbriae

Question #23

Plasmids ________.

A are often the site of pathogenic genes

B cannot be passed between organisms

C are found in all bacteria

D are essential for growth and metabolism

E cannot be passed on to progeny

Question #24

All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.

A slime layer

B capsule

C inclusions

D LPS

E fimbriae

Question #25

The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______.

A amphitrichous

B atrichous

C monotrichous

D lophotrichous

E peritrichous

Question #26

Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______.

A Clostridium

B Sporosarcina

C Bacillus

D Staphylococcus

E All of thechoices are correct.

Question #27

When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #28

The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called _______.

A periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

B cilia

C fimbriae

D sex pili

E flagella

Question #29

A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.

A gram-negative

B found in archaea

C a spheroplast

D acid fast

E gram-positive

Question #30

The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______.

A None of thechoices is correct.

B All of thechoices are correct.

C rRNA

D tRNA

E mRNA

Question #31

During the Gram stain, ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.

A gram-positive

B both gram-positive and -negative

C gram-negative

Question #32

Lysozyme is most effective against _______.

A mycoplasmas

B archaea

C gram-negative organisms

D cyanobacteria

E gram-positive organisms

Question #33

Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #34

Endospores are ________.

A resistant to heat and chemical destruction

B metabolically inactive

C All of the choices are correct.

D resistant to destruction by radiation

E living structures

Question #35

Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.

A cell walls

B inclusions

C slime layers

D capsules

E cell membranes

Question #36

Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?

A Gram-positivebacteria have an outer membrane.

B The lipid portionof the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.

C The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.

D The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.

E The porinproteins create channels through the outer membrane.

Question #37

A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its _______.

A outer membrane

B basal body

C filament

D hook

E sheath

Question #38

Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.

A fastidious

B anaerobic

C autotrophic

D microaerophilic

E aerobic

Question #39

Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?

A Condenser

B Ocular lens

C Body

D Objective lens

E Nosepiece

Question #40

Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?

A Pipette

B Loop

C Needle

D Petri dish

E Swab

Question #41

All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ______.

A it is a type of compound microscope

B it uses electrons to produce a specimen image

C it requires an ultraviolet radiation source

D it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein

E it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections

Question #42

A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.

A MacConkey medium

B blood agar

C a reducing medium

D mannitol salt agar

E trypticase soy agar

Question #43

Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?

A Enriched

B Differential

C Selective

D Enumeration

E Reducing

Question #44

Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope’s ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?

A None of the choices are correct.

B Magnification

C Resolving power

D All of thechoices are correct.

E Refraction

Question #45

Select the methods below that enable the isolation of bacteria.

A Gram stain, Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media,

B Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media, Quadrant streak plate

C Gram stain, Bright-field microscopy, Spread plate, Use of selective media,

D Gram stain, Loop dilution, Bright-field microscopy, Use of selective media,

Question #46

A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler’s methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ______.

A using the acid-fast stain

B negative staining

C capsule staining

D using an acidic dye

E simple staining

Question #47

Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?

A Fluorescence

B Scanning electron

C Transmission electron

D Phase contrast

E Differential interference contrast

Question #48

The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ______.

A negative stain

B hanging drop

C flagellar stain

D Gram stain

E fixed stained smear

Question #49

A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?

A Themicrobiologist used too much inoculum.

B The culture iscontaminated.

C The culturemedium must be selective.

D The incubationtemperature was incorrect.

E The culturemedium must be differential.

Question #50

Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?

A Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful

B Is digested by most microbes

C Has flexibility

D Is solid at room temperature

E Holds moisture

Question #51

A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.

A reducing

B minimal

C enriched

D synthetic

E complex

Question #52

Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?

A Phase contrast

B Fluorescence

C Dark field

D Bright field

E Electron

Question #53

Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?

A EMB

B Blood

C General purpose

D Thioglycollate

E Transport

Question #54

Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.

A green plant

B euglena

C mold

D algae

E fungus

Question #55

The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.

A fluorescence

B electron

C bright field

D dark field

E phase contrast

Question #56

Select the elements necessary for good microscopy.

A Ability to observe cells in the living state, Contrast, Specimen holder

B Ability to observe cells in the living state, Adequate magnification, Specimen holder

C Ability to observe cells in the living state, Use of wavelengths other than the visible spectrum, Specimen holder

D Adequate magnification, Contrast, Resolution

Question #57

Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #58

A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is working on ________.

A recombinant DNA

B determining if that species is the cause of a new disease

C determining evolutionary relatedness

D bioremediation

E nomenclature

Question #59

Helminths are _____.

A parasitic worms

B bacteria

C protozoa

D molds

E infectious particles

Question #60

Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.

A phosphorous

B carbon

C nitrogen

D hydrogen

E oxygen

Question #61

Most microorganisms that are found in and on humans do not cause harm and can sometimes benefit the host.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #62

All proteins are enzymes.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #63

Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?

A Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms

B Bacteria are larger than viruses

C Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses

D Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria

Question #64

Taxonomy does not involve _____.

A taxa

B nomenclature

C common name

D identification

E classification

Question #65

The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____.

A malaria diseases

B respiratory diseases

C AIDS-related diseases

D measles

E diarrheal diseases

Question #66

Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:

A genus, species,family

B class, phylum,order

C family, order,class

D family, genus,species

E kingdom, domain,phylum

Question #67

Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?

A Bacteria

B Helminths

C Fungi

D Viruses

E Parasites

Question #68

Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #69

Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.

A decomposers

B fermenters

C pathogens

D prokaryotes

E eukaryotes

Question #70

When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.

A taxonomy

B epidemiology

C genetic engineering

D immunology

E bioremediation

Question #71

Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.

A decomposers

B prokaryotes

C pathogens

D fermenters

E eukaryotes

Question #72

Koch’s postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.

A life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms

B a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease

C a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom

D microbes are found on dust particles

E microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills

Question #73

All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.

A are too small to be seen with the unaided eye

B lack a cell nucleus

C cause human disease

D are infectious particles

E can only be found growing in laboratories

Question #74

All of the following are lipids except _____.

A cholesterol

B triglyceride

C starch

D wax

E phospholipid

Question #75

The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was _____.

A Robert Koch

B Joseph Lister

C Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

D Francesco Redi

E Louis Pasteur

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Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4

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