Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4

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Question #1

Which is not a characteristic of fungi?

A Heterotrophic nutrition

B Include single-celled and filamentous forms

C Have cell walls

D Can use a wide variety of nutrients

E Photosynthetic

Question #2

All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.

A cell wall

B ectoplasm and endoplasm

C heterotrophic nutrition

D formation of a cyst stage

E motility

Question #3

The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______.

A oocyst

B sporozoite

C trophozoite

D food vacuole

E cyst

Question #4

Filamentous fungi are called _______.

A dimorphic

B septa

C mycelium

D molds

E pseudohyphae

Question #5

Which is mismatched?

A Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection

B Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection

C Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease

D Giardia— causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water

E Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever

Question #6

Histones are ________.

A enzymes found in lysosomes

B on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum

C proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus

D proteins of the cytoskeleton

E found in polyribosomes

Question #7

Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.

A Fungi, Protozoa and Animals

B Protozoa and Animals

C Algae, Protozoa and Animals

D Algae, Plants, and Fungi

Question #8

Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.

A spores

B pseudohyphae

C saprobes

D parasites

E dimorphic

Question #9

Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______.

A saprobes

B dimorphic

C parasites

D nonseptate

E substrates

Question #10

The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.

A lysosome

B Golgi apparatus

C nucleolus

D ribosome

E nucleus

Question #11

Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms.

A Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea

B Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, and Fungi

C Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea

D Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi

Question #12

Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.

A contain microtubules

B are used for cell motility

C facilitate chemotaxis

D are long, whiplike structures

E facilitate phototaxis

Question #13

An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.

A chloroplast

B lysosome

C endoplasmic reticulum

D Golgi apparatus

E mitochondria

Question #14

During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.

A seed

B cyst

C trophozoite

D sporozoa

E endospore

Question #15

The cytoskeleton ________.

A functions in movements of the cytoplasm

B All of the choices are correct.

C provides support

D anchors organelles

E helps maintain cell shape

Question #16

There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.

A filaments

B microtubules

C cilia

D flagella

E None of the choices are correct.

Question #17

When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.

A nuclear envelope

B nucleosome

C chromatin

D nucleolus

E nucleoplasm

Question #18

Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes.

A Sterols, Transport systems and Phospholipid bilayer

B Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Sterols

C Phospholipid bilayer, Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins

D Sterols, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins

Question #19

The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #20

Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?

A Tetrad

B Coccus

C Spirochete

D Vibrio

E Rod

Question #21

The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.

A periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

B fimbriae

C sex pili

D cilia

E flagella

Question #22

Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?

A Capsule

B Slime layer

C Cell membrane

D Fimbriae

E All of the choices are correct.

Question #23

Plasmids ________.

A are found in all bacteria

B are often the site of pathogenic genes

C cannot be passed between organisms

D cannot be passed on to progeny

E are essential for growth and metabolism

Question #24

All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.

A slime layer

B capsule

C fimbriae

D LPS

E inclusions

Question #25

The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______.

A lophotrichous

B atrichous

C amphitrichous

D peritrichous

E monotrichous

Question #26

Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______.

A Staphylococcus

B Clostridium

C All of thechoices are correct.

D Sporosarcina

E Bacillus

Question #27

When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #28

The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called _______.

A sex pili

B periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

C flagella

D fimbriae

E cilia

Question #29

A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.

A found in archaea

B a spheroplast

C gram-negative

D gram-positive

E acid fast

Question #30

The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______.

A mRNA

B None of thechoices is correct.

C rRNA

D tRNA

E All of thechoices are correct.

Question #31

During the Gram stain, ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.

A gram-positive

C both gram-positive and -negative

D gram-negative

Question #32

Lysozyme is most effective against _______.

A gram-positive organisms

B mycoplasmas

C archaea

D gram-negative organisms

E cyanobacteria

Question #33

Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #34

Endospores are ________.

A All of the choices are correct.

B metabolically inactive

C living structures

D resistant to destruction by radiation

E resistant to heat and chemical destruction

Question #35

Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.

A capsules

B inclusions

C slime layers

D cell membranes

E cell walls

Question #36

Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?

A The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.

B The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.

C The porinproteins create channels through the outer membrane.

D The lipid portionof the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.

E Gram-positivebacteria have an outer membrane.

Question #37

A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its _______.

A outer membrane

B basal body

C filament

D sheath

E hook

Question #38

Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.

A fastidious

B microaerophilic

C anaerobic

D autotrophic

E aerobic

Question #39

Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?

A Objective lens

B Nosepiece

C Condenser

D Ocular lens

E Body

Question #40

Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?

A Needle

B Pipette

C Swab

D Loop

E Petri dish

Question #41

All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ______.

A it requires an ultraviolet radiation source

B it uses electrons to produce a specimen image

C it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein

D it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections

E it is a type of compound microscope

Question #42

A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.

A a reducing medium

B mannitol salt agar

C MacConkey medium

D blood agar

E trypticase soy agar

Question #43

Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?

A Enumeration

B Enriched

C Selective

D Reducing

E Differential

Question #44

Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope’s ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?

A All of thechoices are correct.

B Refraction

C Resolving power

D None of the choices are correct.

E Magnification

Question #45

Select the methods below that enable the isolation of bacteria.

A Gram stain, Bright-field microscopy, Spread plate, Use of selective media,

B Gram stain, Loop dilution, Bright-field microscopy, Use of selective media,

C Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media, Quadrant streak plate

D Gram stain, Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media,

Question #46

A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler’s methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ______.

A using an acidic dye

B simple staining

C using the acid-fast stain

D negative staining

E capsule staining

Question #47

Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?

A Phase contrast

B Transmission electron

C Differential interference contrast

D Fluorescence

E Scanning electron

Question #48

The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ______.

A fixed stained smear

B hanging drop

C negative stain

D Gram stain

E flagellar stain

Question #49

A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?

A The culturemedium must be selective.

B The culturemedium must be differential.

C The culture iscontaminated.

D Themicrobiologist used too much inoculum.

E The incubationtemperature was incorrect.

Question #50

Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?

A Holds moisture

B Is solid at room temperature

C Is digested by most microbes

D Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful

E Has flexibility

Question #51

A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.

A enriched

B complex

C minimal

D synthetic

E reducing

Question #52

Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?

A Electron

B Fluorescence

C Phase contrast

D Bright field

E Dark field

Question #53

Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?

A General purpose

B Transport

C Thioglycollate

D Blood

E EMB

Question #54

Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.

A green plant

B algae

C fungus

D euglena

E mold

Question #55

The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.

A bright field

B dark field

C fluorescence

D phase contrast

E electron

Question #56

Select the elements necessary for good microscopy.

A Adequate magnification, Contrast, Resolution

B Ability to observe cells in the living state, Adequate magnification, Specimen holder

C Ability to observe cells in the living state, Contrast, Specimen holder

D Ability to observe cells in the living state, Use of wavelengths other than the visible spectrum, Specimen holder

Question #57

Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #58

A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is working on ________.

A determining if that species is the cause of a new disease

B bioremediation

C recombinant DNA

D nomenclature

E determining evolutionary relatedness

Question #59

Helminths are _____.

A parasitic worms

B molds

C bacteria

D infectious particles

E protozoa

Question #60

Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.

A carbon

B oxygen

C nitrogen

D phosphorous

E hydrogen

Question #61

Most microorganisms that are found in and on humans do not cause harm and can sometimes benefit the host.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #62

All proteins are enzymes.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #63

Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?

A Bacteria are larger than viruses

B Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms

C Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria

D Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses

Question #64

Taxonomy does not involve _____.

A identification

B taxa

C nomenclature

D common name

E classification

Question #65

The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____.

A respiratory diseases

B diarrheal diseases

C AIDS-related diseases

D measles

E malaria diseases

Question #66

Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:

A family, genus,species

B genus, species,family

C class, phylum,order

D family, order,class

E kingdom, domain,phylum

Question #67

Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?

A Helminths

B Bacteria

C Viruses

D Parasites

E Fungi

Question #68

Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #69

Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.

A eukaryotes

B pathogens

C decomposers

D prokaryotes

E fermenters

Question #70

When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.

A taxonomy

B epidemiology

C genetic engineering

D immunology

E bioremediation

Question #71

Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.

A prokaryotes

B eukaryotes

C fermenters

D pathogens

E decomposers

Question #72

Koch’s postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.

A life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms

B microbes are found on dust particles

C microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills

D a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease

E a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom

Question #73

All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.

A cause human disease

B are too small to be seen with the unaided eye

C lack a cell nucleus

D can only be found growing in laboratories

E are infectious particles

Question #74

All of the following are lipids except _____.

A starch

B cholesterol

C phospholipid

D triglyceride

E wax

Question #75

The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was _____.

A Francesco Redi

B Louis Pasteur

C Joseph Lister

D Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

E Robert Koch

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Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4

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