Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4

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Question #1

Which is not a characteristic of fungi?

A Can use a wide variety of nutrients

B Photosynthetic

C Have cell walls

D Heterotrophic nutrition

E Include single-celled and filamentous forms

Question #2

All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.

A cell wall

B heterotrophic nutrition

C formation of a cyst stage

D motility

E ectoplasm and endoplasm

Question #3

The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______.

A oocyst

B cyst

C sporozoite

D food vacuole

E trophozoite

Question #4

Filamentous fungi are called _______.

A dimorphic

B septa

C mycelium

D pseudohyphae

E molds

Question #5

Which is mismatched?

A Giardia— causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water

B Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection

C Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease

D Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection

E Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever

Question #6

Histones are ________.

A proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus

B proteins of the cytoskeleton

C found in polyribosomes

D enzymes found in lysosomes

E on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question #7

Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.

A Algae, Protozoa and Animals

B Protozoa and Animals

C Fungi, Protozoa and Animals

D Algae, Plants, and Fungi

Question #8

Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.

A pseudohyphae

B saprobes

C spores

D dimorphic

E parasites

Question #9

Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______.

A parasites

B nonseptate

C saprobes

D dimorphic

E substrates

Question #10

The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.

A lysosome

B ribosome

C Golgi apparatus

D nucleolus

E nucleus

Question #11

Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms.

A Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea

B Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, and Fungi

C Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi

D Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea

Question #12

Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.

A are used for cell motility

B contain microtubules

C are long, whiplike structures

D facilitate phototaxis

E facilitate chemotaxis

Question #13

An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.

A lysosome

B chloroplast

C mitochondria

D endoplasmic reticulum

E Golgi apparatus

Question #14

During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.

A seed

B endospore

C sporozoa

D cyst

E trophozoite

Question #15

The cytoskeleton ________.

A provides support

B functions in movements of the cytoplasm

C helps maintain cell shape

D anchors organelles

E All of the choices are correct.

Question #16

There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.

A microtubules

B None of the choices are correct.

C filaments

D flagella

E cilia

Question #17

When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.

A nuclear envelope

B chromatin

C nucleolus

D nucleosome

E nucleoplasm

Question #18

Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes.

A Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Sterols

B Phospholipid bilayer, Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins

C Sterols, Transport systems and Phospholipid bilayer

D Sterols, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins

Question #19

The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #20

Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?

A Tetrad

B Spirochete

C Vibrio

D Coccus

E Rod

Question #21

The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.

A cilia

B flagella

C fimbriae

D periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

E sex pili

Question #22

Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?

A Capsule

B All of the choices are correct.

C Slime layer

D Cell membrane

E Fimbriae

Question #23

Plasmids ________.

A cannot be passed between organisms

B are essential for growth and metabolism

C cannot be passed on to progeny

D are often the site of pathogenic genes

E are found in all bacteria

Question #24

All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.

A slime layer

B capsule

C fimbriae

D LPS

E inclusions

Question #25

The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______.

A monotrichous

B peritrichous

C atrichous

D lophotrichous

E amphitrichous

Question #26

Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______.

A Staphylococcus

B All of thechoices are correct.

C Sporosarcina

D Bacillus

E Clostridium

Question #27

When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #28

The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called _______.

A cilia

B periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

C fimbriae

D sex pili

E flagella

Question #29

A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.

A found in archaea

B acid fast

C gram-positive

D a spheroplast

E gram-negative

Question #30

The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______.

A rRNA

B None of thechoices is correct.

C tRNA

D mRNA

E All of thechoices are correct.

Question #31

During the Gram stain, ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.

A gram-positive

B gram-negative

C both gram-positive and -negative

Question #32

Lysozyme is most effective against _______.

A gram-negative organisms

B cyanobacteria

C gram-positive organisms

D mycoplasmas

E archaea

Question #33

Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #34

Endospores are ________.

A resistant to destruction by radiation

B resistant to heat and chemical destruction

C All of the choices are correct.

D living structures

E metabolically inactive

Question #35

Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.

A inclusions

B slime layers

C capsules

D cell membranes

E cell walls

Question #36

Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?

A Gram-positivebacteria have an outer membrane.

B The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.

C The lipid portionof the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.

D The porinproteins create channels through the outer membrane.

E The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.

Question #37

A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its _______.

A filament

B outer membrane

C hook

D sheath

E basal body

Question #38

Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.

A microaerophilic

B anaerobic

C fastidious

D aerobic

E autotrophic

Question #39

Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?

A Ocular lens

B Objective lens

C Body

D Nosepiece

E Condenser

Question #40

Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?

A Swab

B Loop

C Pipette

D Petri dish

E Needle

Question #41

All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ______.

A it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein

B it is a type of compound microscope

C it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections

D it requires an ultraviolet radiation source

E it uses electrons to produce a specimen image

Question #42

A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.

A blood agar

B a reducing medium

C MacConkey medium

D mannitol salt agar

E trypticase soy agar

Question #43

Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?

A Enumeration

B Reducing

C Selective

D Enriched

E Differential

Question #44

Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope’s ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?

A Resolving power

B Refraction

C All of thechoices are correct.

D Magnification

E None of the choices are correct.

Question #45

Select the methods below that enable the isolation of bacteria.

A Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media, Quadrant streak plate

B Gram stain, Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media,

C Gram stain, Bright-field microscopy, Spread plate, Use of selective media,

D Gram stain, Loop dilution, Bright-field microscopy, Use of selective media,

Question #46

A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler’s methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ______.

A using an acidic dye

B capsule staining

C using the acid-fast stain

D negative staining

E simple staining

Question #47

Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?

A Fluorescence

B Phase contrast

C Scanning electron

D Transmission electron

E Differential interference contrast

Question #48

The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ______.

A hanging drop

B negative stain

C flagellar stain

D fixed stained smear

E Gram stain

Question #49

A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?

A The culturemedium must be differential.

B The culture iscontaminated.

C Themicrobiologist used too much inoculum.

D The incubationtemperature was incorrect.

E The culturemedium must be selective.

Question #50

Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?

A Is digested by most microbes

B Has flexibility

C Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful

D Is solid at room temperature

E Holds moisture

Question #51

A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.

A complex

B reducing

C synthetic

D minimal

E enriched

Question #52

Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?

A Electron

B Bright field

C Fluorescence

D Dark field

E Phase contrast

Question #53

Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?

A Transport

B EMB

C Thioglycollate

D General purpose

E Blood

Question #54

Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.

A fungus

B algae

C mold

D green plant

E euglena

Question #55

The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.

A fluorescence

B dark field

C bright field

D electron

E phase contrast

Question #56

Select the elements necessary for good microscopy.

A Adequate magnification, Contrast, Resolution

B Ability to observe cells in the living state, Adequate magnification, Specimen holder

C Ability to observe cells in the living state, Use of wavelengths other than the visible spectrum, Specimen holder

D Ability to observe cells in the living state, Contrast, Specimen holder

Question #57

Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #58

A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is working on ________.

A determining evolutionary relatedness

B determining if that species is the cause of a new disease

C recombinant DNA

D bioremediation

E nomenclature

Question #59

Helminths are _____.

A protozoa

B bacteria

C infectious particles

D parasitic worms

E molds

Question #60

Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.

A carbon

B phosphorous

C nitrogen

D hydrogen

E oxygen

Question #61

Most microorganisms that are found in and on humans do not cause harm and can sometimes benefit the host.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #62

All proteins are enzymes.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #63

Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?

A Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms

B Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses

C Bacteria are larger than viruses

D Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria

Question #64

Taxonomy does not involve _____.

A identification

B taxa

C nomenclature

D classification

E common name

Question #65

The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____.

A respiratory diseases

B malaria diseases

C measles

D AIDS-related diseases

E diarrheal diseases

Question #66

Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:

A kingdom, domain,phylum

B genus, species,family

C family, order,class

D family, genus,species

E class, phylum,order

Question #67

Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?

A Helminths

B Viruses

C Bacteria

D Parasites

E Fungi

Question #68

Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #69

Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.

A pathogens

B decomposers

C prokaryotes

D fermenters

E eukaryotes

Question #70

When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.

A epidemiology

B genetic engineering

C immunology

D bioremediation

E taxonomy

Question #71

Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.

A decomposers

B pathogens

C fermenters

D eukaryotes

E prokaryotes

Question #72

Koch’s postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.

A a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease

B microbes are found on dust particles

C life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms

D a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom

E microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills

Question #73

All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.

A are too small to be seen with the unaided eye

B lack a cell nucleus

C can only be found growing in laboratories

D are infectious particles

E cause human disease

Question #74

All of the following are lipids except _____.

A cholesterol

B triglyceride

C wax

D phospholipid

E starch

Question #75

The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was _____.

A Robert Koch

B Louis Pasteur

C Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

D Joseph Lister

E Francesco Redi

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Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4

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