Microbial Nutrition and Growth 1

A  the low temperature where they physically die and the high temperature where they stop multiplying

B  the low temperature where microbes physically die and the high temperature where they physically die

C  the low temperature where microbes stop multiplying and the high temperature where they physically die

D  the low temperature where microbes stop multiplying and the high temperature where they stop multiplying

A  nutrients

B  temperature

C  oxygen

D  pH

A  can be as short as 12 hours

B  can be as short as 30 minutes

C  is remarkably stable, showing little change

D  increase over that seen in unfavourable conditions

A  Food stored at 60°F

B  Food frozen to 0°C

C  Food stored in a refrigerator

D  Chicken cooked to 170°F

A  Cells divide more rapidly as the temperature decreases below the optimum.

B  Cells survive but do not divide at temperatures below the minimum.

C  Cells begin to rapidly die at a temperature just below the optimum.

A  Cells begin to die at a temperature slightly above the maximum.

B  Cells gradually die as temperatures rise above the minimum.

C  Cells divide more rapidly as the temperature increases above the optimum.

D  Cells survive but do not divide at temperatures above the maximum.

A  alkalinophiles

B  acidophiles

C  neutrophiles

A  methanogens

B  capnophiles

C  anaerobes

D  aerobes

A  12

B  6

C  64

D  32

A  budding

B  binary fission

C  endospores

D  sexual reproduction

A  the buildup of oxidative by-products such as O- in the food

B  toxins produced by the microbe in the intestinal tract

C  toxins produced by microbes as they grow in the food

D  growth of the microbe in the intestinal tract and intestinal lining

A  grow at different temperatures based on the availability of oxygen

B  grow at different temperatures based on the availability of nutrients

C  grow best at an optimum temperature and a range above and below it

D  can grow at a broad range of temperatures from -5°C to 80°C

A  harmful

B  beneficia

C  neutral

D  All of the choices are correct.

A  several million

B  roughly 100,000

C  between 1.5 and 2 billion

D  several thousand

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  sexual reproduction

B  fragmentation

C  binary fission

D  budding

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  RNA polymerase

B  DNA polymerase

C  Helicase

D  Gyrase

A  the hydrolysis of gyrase

B  the hydrolysis of ATP

C  the synthesis of G

D  the hydrolysis of GTP

A  replicated DNA

B  septum

C  ribosomes

D  All of the choices are correct.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  hydrolyze

B  replicate

C  transcribe

D  translate

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  An automated cell-counting device that requires fluorescent labeling of cells that will be scanned and counted

B  An automated cell-counting device that scans a culture as it passes through a tiny pipette

C  An automated cell-counting device that scans a culture as it passes through a tiny pipette

A  This method uses a special slide (cytometer) and cells are counted by observing them through a microscope

B  A spectrophotometer is used to measure the light scattering properties of a bacterial culture. As the number of bacteria increase, more light is scattered and less is transmitted to the detector

C  An automated cell-counting device that scans a culture as it passes through a tiny pipette

A  This method uses a special slide (cytometer) and cells are counted by observing them through a microscope

B  A spectrophotometer is used to measure the light scattering properties of a bacterial culture. As the number of bacteria increase, more light is scattered and less is transmitted to the detector

C  This method uses a special slide (cytometer) and cells are counted by observing them through a microscope

A  A spectrophotometer is used to measure the light scattering properties of a bacterial culture. As the number of bacteria increase, more light is scattered and less is transmitted to the detector

B  An automated cell-counting device that requires fluorescent labeling of cells that will be scanned and counted

C  This method uses a special slide (cytometer) and cells are counted by observing them through a microscope

A  Adjustment period during which cells are dividing slowly while they adjust to growth conditions

B  Nutrient depletion and waste accumulation prevent cell growth and cells die exponentially

C  Phase during which cells are growing very quickly, at their maximum rate of cell division

A  Phase during which cells are growing very quickly, at their maximum rate of cell division

B  Nutrient depletion and waste accumulation prevent cell growth and cells die exponentially

C  Adjustment period during which cells are dividing slowly while they adjust to growth conditions

A  Adjustment period during which cells are dividing slowly while they adjust to growth conditions

B  Phase during which nutrient depletion and accumulation of wastes begin to slow cell growth such that the rate of cell increase equals the rate of cell death

C  Phase during which cells are growing very quickly, at their maximum rate of cell division

A  Phase during which nutrient depletion and accumulation of wastes begin to slow cell growth such that the rate of cell increase equals the rate of cell death

B  Phase during which cells are growing very quickly, at their maximum rate of cell division

C  Adjustment period during which cells are dividing slowly while they adjust to growth conditions

A  Describes an organism that requires oxygen for growth and has the enzymes to remove toxic by-products of oxygen metabolism

B  Describes an organism that is unable to use oxygen and lacks the enzymes to detoxify oxygen, thus requiring the absence of oxygen for growth

C  Describes an organism that does not use oxygen, but can grow to a limited extent in the presence of oxygen

A  Describes an organism that cannot grow at normal atmospheric oxygen concentrations, but does require a small amount of oxygen for growth

B  Describes an organism that requires oxygen for growth and has the enzymes to remove toxic by-products of oxygen metabolism

C  Describes an organism that is unable to use oxygen and lacks the enzymes to detoxify oxygen, thus requiring the absence of oxygen for growth

A  Describes an organism that cannot grow at normal atmospheric oxygen concentrations, but does require a small amount of oxygen for growth

B  Describes an organism that requires oxygen for growth and has the enzymes to remove toxic by-products of oxygen metabolism

C  Describes an organism that can grow in the presence of oxygen and can detoxify it, but can also grow in the absence of oxygen

A  Describes an organism that requires oxygen for growth and has the enzymes to remove toxic by-products of oxygen metabolism

B  Describes an organism that cannot grow at normal atmospheric oxygen concentrations, but does require a small amount of oxygen for growth

C  Describes an organism that can grow in the presence of oxygen and can detoxify it, but can also grow in the absence of oxygen

A  Describes an organism that requires oxygen for growth and has the enzymes to remove toxic by-products of oxygen metabolism

B  Describes an organism that is unable to use oxygen and lacks the enzymes to detoxify oxygen, thus requiring the absence of oxygen for growth

C  Describes an organism that does not use oxygen, but can grow to a limited extent in the presence of oxygen

A  Describes an organism that grows optimally at temperatures ranging from 45°C to 80°C

B  Describes an organism that grows optimally at temperatures ranging from 0°C to 15°C

C  Describes an organism that grows optimally at temperatures ranging from 80°C to 120°C

A  Describes an organism that grows optimally at temperatures ranging from 45°C to 80°C

B  Describes an organism that grows optimally at temperatures ranging from 20°C to 40°C

C  Describes an organism that grows optimally at temperatures ranging from 0°C to 15°C

A  Describes an organism that has an optimum growth temperature between 15°C and 30°C, but is able to grow slowly at colder temperatures

B  Describes an organism that grows optimally at temperatures ranging from 0°C to 15°C

C  Describes an organism that grows optimally at temperatures ranging from 20°C to 40°C

A  Describes an organism that has an optimum growth temperature between 15°C and 30°C, but is able to grow slowly at colder temperatures

B  Describes an organism that grows optimally at temperatures ranging from 20°C to 40°C

C  Describes an organism that grows optimally at temperatures ranging from 0°C to 15°C

A  Describes an organism that grows optimally at temperatures ranging from 0°C to 15°C

B  Describes an organism that has an optimum growth temperature between 15°C and 30°C, but is able to grow slowly at colder temperatures

C  Describes an organism that grows optimally at temperatures ranging from 80°C to 120°C

A  A cell in this environment will lose water and shrink as water moves out of the cell by osmosis.

B  A cell in this environment will neither shrink nor swell as there is no net movement of water into or out of the cell by osmosis.

C  A cell in this environment will swell as water moves in by osmosis, and may lyse if it does not have a cell wall.

A  A cell in this environment will lose water and shrink as water moves out of the cell by osmosis.

B  A cell in this environment will neither shrink nor swell as there is no net movement of water into or out of the cell by osmosis.

C  A cell in this environment will swell as water moves in by osmosis, and may lyse if it does not have a cell wall.

A  A cell in this environment will lose water and shrink as water moves out of the cell by osmosis.

B  A cell in this environment will swell as water moves in by osmosis, and may lyse if it does not have a cell wall.

C  A cell in this environment will neither shrink nor swell as there is no net movement of water into or out of the cell by osmosis.

A  A fundamental component of organic molecules consumed by and produced by the cell

B  A cell requires this nutrient for pH maintenance and the bonds between DNA strands

C  A cell is unable to produce ATP and its cell membrane has lost its integrity because of a deficiency of this nutrient

A  A cell is unable to produce ATP and its cell membrane has lost its integrity because of a deficiency of this nutrient

B  A fundamental component of organic molecules consumed by and produced by the cell

C  A cell requires this nutrient for pH maintenance and the bonds between DNA strands

A  A fundamental component of organic molecules consumed by and produced by the cell

B  A cell requires this nutrient for pH maintenance and the bonds between DNA strands

C  This nutrient is a major part of all organic compounds in the cell as well as water, the major component of the cell

A  A cell’s proteins are misshapen or unstable because of its lack of the amino acids cysteine and methionine (composed in part by this nutrient)

B  A fundamental component of organic molecules consumed by and produced by the cell

C  This nutrient is a major part of all organic compounds in the cell as well as water, the major component of the cell

A  A cell is unable to synthesize proteins and nucleic acids due to a deficiency in this essential nutrient required for their structure

B  A fundamental component of organic molecules consumed by and produced by the cell

C  A cell is unable to produce ATP and its cell membrane has lost its integrity because of a deficiency of this nutrient

A  A cell is unable to synthesize proteins and nucleic acids due to a deficiency in this essential nutrient required for their structure

B  This nutrient is a major part of all organic compounds in the cell as well as water, the major component of the cell

C  A cell is unable to produce ATP and its cell membrane has lost its integrity because of a deficiency of this nutrient

A  Chemoautotrophic only

B  Chemoheterotrophic only

C  Thermophilic only

D  Chemoautotrophic, Thermophilic, Chemoheterotrophic