Test 1

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Question #1

The division of labor is highest in which type of society?

A feudal

B hunting and gathering

C industrial

D advanced industrial

E imperial societies

Question #2

In which of these societies was work regarded as a sacred ritual?

A hunting and gathering societies

B mass production

C merchant capitalism

D feudal system

E postindustrial society

Question #3

Select the government’s reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government’s term in reference to the person’s situation during the reference week for the Current Population
Survey. Joe Miller, age 45, worked Tuesday through Friday at the Westview Widget Works. He took Monday off to attend a neighbor’s funeral.

A discouraged worker

B not in the labor force

C not in the target population

D employed

E unemployed

Question #4

Historically, many systems of work encountered certain difficulties. Select the system of organizing work associated with that system’s reason for difficulty:
The work day lengthened, work intensified, and the number of holidays decreased.

A postindustrial society

B putting-out industry

C the factory system

D guild system (Roman Era)

E craft guilds (Middle Ages)

Question #5

Markets in modern societies

A have replaced barter.

B involve services as well as goods.

C are global in reach.

D cover many more commodities used in daily life.

E all of the others

Question #6

Industrial capitalism (the factory system) was accompanied by

A stopping emigration to the colonies.

B greater attention to workers’ conditions.

C a decrease in the division of labor.

D the introduction of machinery.

E the emancipation of women through participation in the workforce.

Question #7

Select the government’s reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government’s term in reference to the person’s situation during the reference week for the Current Population
Survey. Joe Miller’s father, Walter Miller, age 77, is retired but spent the week sitting in the courthouse square and playing checkers. He won $3 from Sam Smith by betting on the outcome of the checkers game.

A discouraged worker

B not in the target population

C not in the labor force

D employed

E unemployed

Question #8

The relative disadvantage of sample surveys is

A lack of reliability.

B lack of generalizability.

C experimenter bias.

D response error.

E interviewer fatigue.

Question #9

An advantage of multiple methods is

A less response error.

B greater reliability.

C greater government subsidy.

D less attention to ascribed characteristics.

E less experimental bias.

Question #10

Imperial societies developed

A agriculture.

B the assembly line.

C bureaucracy.

D slave labor.

E markets.

Question #11

Classical and contemporary theories of work are challenged by

A the creation of a class structure.

B the monetization of commodity production.

C the alienation of workers.

D rapid change in the nature of work.

E the development of bureaucracy.

Question #12

The contradictory nature of work is depicted by

A the contrast between the situations of free workers and slaves.

B the fact that work generates both goods and services.

D the fact that both workers and managers can be described as working.

E the fact that work produces both satisfaction and alienation.

F the relationship of bureaucracy to technology.

Question #13

Select the government’s reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government’s term in reference to the person’s situation during the reference week for the Current Population
Survey. Clara Miller, Walter’s wife, is age 75. She has stopped looking for work because she believes no one will hire a woman of her age.

A unemployed

B employed

C not in the labor force

D not in the target population

E discouraged worker

Question #14

The social stratification of a society is most influenced by

A the ratio of unpaid to paid labor.

B the division of labor.

C the number of women who work outside the home.

D the level of technology in services.

E the number of factories per thousand workers.

Question #15

A good survey includes all of the following EXCEPT

A reliable questions.

B minimal response error.

C valid questions.

D experimenter bias.

E a representative set of respondents.

Question #16

Serfs are associated with

A service work.

B corvee labor.

C sheep enclosures.

D craft work in a city.

E craft work in ancient Rome.

Question #17

When sociologists conduct sample surveys, they ask questions of a systematic sample of people. What is the relationship of the sample to the population of interest?

A The sample answers questions that the population refuses to answer.

B The sample is the same as the population.

C The sample represents only the working part of the population.

D The sample is representative of the population.

E The sample has a smaller response error than the population.

Question #18

Sociologists who study work use as their unit of analysis
all of the following EXCEPT

A occupations.

B the labor force.

C income tax returns.

D unions.

E the worker.

Question #19

Characteristics of work that are hard to measure often involve

A the Hawthorne Effect.

B official labor force statistics.

C experimental bias.

D sample surveys.

E both objective and subjective elements.

Question #20

How occupations are perceived by others is measured by

A socioeconomic status scores.

B establishment surveys.

C occupational prestige.

D detailed occupation groupings.

E mixed methods.

Question #21

Select the government’s reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government’s term in reference to the person’s situation during the reference week for the Current Population
Survey. Sharon Miller, age 17, spent four hours Friday evening and four hours Saturday evening baby-sitting for the Rodriguez family.

A not in the labor force

B employed

C unemployed

D not in the target population

E discouraged worker

Question #22

Which of the following statements about bureaucracy is true?

A Bureaucracies are highly inefficient by nature.

B A bureaucracy is characterized by standardized rules and procedures.

C A bureaucracy is a hierarchy based on personal authority and charisma.

D By definition, a bureaucracy can exist only in the government or not-for-profit sector.

E Bureaucracies exist only in Europe and the United States.

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