Test 1

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Question #1

The division of labor is highest in which type of society?

A advanced industrial

B hunting and gathering

C feudal

D imperial societies

E industrial

Question #2

In which of these societies was work regarded as a sacred ritual?

A hunting and gathering societies

B postindustrial society

C mass production

D merchant capitalism

E feudal system

Question #3

Select the government’s reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government’s term in reference to the person’s situation during the reference week for the Current Population
Survey. Joe Miller, age 45, worked Tuesday through Friday at the Westview Widget Works. He took Monday off to attend a neighbor’s funeral.

A employed

B unemployed

C discouraged worker

D not in the labor force

E not in the target population

Question #4

Historically, many systems of work encountered certain difficulties. Select the system of organizing work associated with that system’s reason for difficulty:
The work day lengthened, work intensified, and the number of holidays decreased.

A putting-out industry

B guild system (Roman Era)

C craft guilds (Middle Ages)

D the factory system

E postindustrial society

Question #5

Markets in modern societies

A are global in reach.

B all of the others

C involve services as well as goods.

D cover many more commodities used in daily life.

E have replaced barter.

Question #6

Industrial capitalism (the factory system) was accompanied by

A the introduction of machinery.

B greater attention to workers’ conditions.

C the emancipation of women through participation in the workforce.

D a decrease in the division of labor.

E stopping emigration to the colonies.

Question #7

Select the government’s reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government’s term in reference to the person’s situation during the reference week for the Current Population
Survey. Joe Miller’s father, Walter Miller, age 77, is retired but spent the week sitting in the courthouse square and playing checkers. He won $3 from Sam Smith by betting on the outcome of the checkers game.

A discouraged worker

B not in the labor force

C not in the target population

D unemployed

E employed

Question #8

The relative disadvantage of sample surveys is

A response error.

B lack of generalizability.

C interviewer fatigue.

D lack of reliability.

E experimenter bias.

Question #9

An advantage of multiple methods is

A less attention to ascribed characteristics.

B less experimental bias.

C less response error.

D greater government subsidy.

E greater reliability.

Question #10

Imperial societies developed

A the assembly line.

B slave labor.

C markets.

D agriculture.

E bureaucracy.

Question #11

Classical and contemporary theories of work are challenged by

A the creation of a class structure.

B rapid change in the nature of work.

C the alienation of workers.

D the monetization of commodity production.

E the development of bureaucracy.

Question #12

The contradictory nature of work is depicted by

B the contrast between the situations of free workers and slaves.

C the fact that work produces both satisfaction and alienation.

D the fact that work generates both goods and services.

E the fact that both workers and managers can be described as working.

F the relationship of bureaucracy to technology.

Question #13

Select the government’s reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government’s term in reference to the person’s situation during the reference week for the Current Population
Survey. Clara Miller, Walter’s wife, is age 75. She has stopped looking for work because she believes no one will hire a woman of her age.

A not in the labor force

B unemployed

C not in the target population

D discouraged worker

E employed

Question #14

The social stratification of a society is most influenced by

A the number of women who work outside the home.

B the ratio of unpaid to paid labor.

C the level of technology in services.

D the division of labor.

E the number of factories per thousand workers.

Question #15

A good survey includes all of the following EXCEPT

A a representative set of respondents.

B experimenter bias.

C reliable questions.

D minimal response error.

E valid questions.

Question #16

Serfs are associated with

A craft work in ancient Rome.

B corvee labor.

C sheep enclosures.

D service work.

E craft work in a city.

Question #17

When sociologists conduct sample surveys, they ask questions of a systematic sample of people. What is the relationship of the sample to the population of interest?

A The sample answers questions that the population refuses to answer.

B The sample is representative of the population.

C The sample represents only the working part of the population.

D The sample is the same as the population.

E The sample has a smaller response error than the population.

Question #18

Sociologists who study work use as their unit of analysis
all of the following EXCEPT

A the worker.

B the labor force.

C unions.

D occupations.

E income tax returns.

Question #19

Characteristics of work that are hard to measure often involve

A both objective and subjective elements.

B official labor force statistics.

C the Hawthorne Effect.

D sample surveys.

E experimental bias.

Question #20

How occupations are perceived by others is measured by

A detailed occupation groupings.

B occupational prestige.

C mixed methods.

D socioeconomic status scores.

E establishment surveys.

Question #21

Select the government’s reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government’s term in reference to the person’s situation during the reference week for the Current Population
Survey. Sharon Miller, age 17, spent four hours Friday evening and four hours Saturday evening baby-sitting for the Rodriguez family.

A employed

B unemployed

C not in the labor force

D discouraged worker

E not in the target population

Question #22

Which of the following statements about bureaucracy is true?

A By definition, a bureaucracy can exist only in the government or not-for-profit sector.

B A bureaucracy is a hierarchy based on personal authority and charisma.

C Bureaucracies exist only in Europe and the United States.

D Bureaucracies are highly inefficient by nature.

E A bureaucracy is characterized by standardized rules and procedures.

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