Test 1

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Question #1

The division of labor is highest in which type of society?

A imperial societies

B advanced industrial

C feudal

D industrial

E hunting and gathering

Question #2

In which of these societies was work regarded as a sacred ritual?

A mass production

B merchant capitalism

C hunting and gathering societies

D feudal system

E postindustrial society

Question #3

Select the government’s reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government’s term in reference to the person’s situation during the reference week for the Current Population
Survey. Joe Miller, age 45, worked Tuesday through Friday at the Westview Widget Works. He took Monday off to attend a neighbor’s funeral.

A not in the labor force

B not in the target population

C employed

D unemployed

E discouraged worker

Question #4

Historically, many systems of work encountered certain difficulties. Select the system of organizing work associated with that system’s reason for difficulty:
The work day lengthened, work intensified, and the number of holidays decreased.

A postindustrial society

B the factory system

C guild system (Roman Era)

D putting-out industry

E craft guilds (Middle Ages)

Question #5

Markets in modern societies

A involve services as well as goods.

B are global in reach.

C have replaced barter.

D cover many more commodities used in daily life.

E all of the others

Question #6

Industrial capitalism (the factory system) was accompanied by

A stopping emigration to the colonies.

B greater attention to workers’ conditions.

C the emancipation of women through participation in the workforce.

D a decrease in the division of labor.

E the introduction of machinery.

Question #7

Select the government’s reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government’s term in reference to the person’s situation during the reference week for the Current Population
Survey. Joe Miller’s father, Walter Miller, age 77, is retired but spent the week sitting in the courthouse square and playing checkers. He won $3 from Sam Smith by betting on the outcome of the checkers game.

A not in the target population

B unemployed

C discouraged worker

D not in the labor force

E employed

Question #8

The relative disadvantage of sample surveys is

A response error.

B lack of reliability.

C experimenter bias.

D lack of generalizability.

E interviewer fatigue.

Question #9

An advantage of multiple methods is

A less experimental bias.

B less response error.

C greater reliability.

D less attention to ascribed characteristics.

E greater government subsidy.

Question #10

Imperial societies developed

A slave labor.

B markets.

C the assembly line.

D agriculture.

E bureaucracy.

Question #11

Classical and contemporary theories of work are challenged by

A the development of bureaucracy.

B rapid change in the nature of work.

C the monetization of commodity production.

D the creation of a class structure.

E the alienation of workers.

Question #12

The contradictory nature of work is depicted by

A the contrast between the situations of free workers and slaves.

B the fact that work produces both satisfaction and alienation.

C the fact that work generates both goods and services.

D the fact that both workers and managers can be described as working.

F the relationship of bureaucracy to technology.

Question #13

Select the government’s reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government’s term in reference to the person’s situation during the reference week for the Current Population
Survey. Clara Miller, Walter’s wife, is age 75. She has stopped looking for work because she believes no one will hire a woman of her age.

A employed

B discouraged worker

C unemployed

D not in the labor force

E not in the target population

Question #14

The social stratification of a society is most influenced by

A the number of women who work outside the home.

B the level of technology in services.

C the division of labor.

D the ratio of unpaid to paid labor.

E the number of factories per thousand workers.

Question #15

A good survey includes all of the following EXCEPT

A valid questions.

B reliable questions.

C minimal response error.

D a representative set of respondents.

E experimenter bias.

Question #16

Serfs are associated with

A craft work in ancient Rome.

B craft work in a city.

C service work.

D sheep enclosures.

E corvee labor.

Question #17

When sociologists conduct sample surveys, they ask questions of a systematic sample of people. What is the relationship of the sample to the population of interest?

A The sample is the same as the population.

B The sample represents only the working part of the population.

C The sample is representative of the population.

D The sample answers questions that the population refuses to answer.

E The sample has a smaller response error than the population.

Question #18

Sociologists who study work use as their unit of analysis
all of the following EXCEPT

A income tax returns.

B occupations.

C the worker.

D the labor force.

E unions.

Question #19

Characteristics of work that are hard to measure often involve

A both objective and subjective elements.

B official labor force statistics.

C the Hawthorne Effect.

D experimental bias.

E sample surveys.

Question #20

How occupations are perceived by others is measured by

A mixed methods.

B socioeconomic status scores.

C establishment surveys.

D detailed occupation groupings.

E occupational prestige.

Question #21

Select the government’s reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government’s term in reference to the person’s situation during the reference week for the Current Population
Survey. Sharon Miller, age 17, spent four hours Friday evening and four hours Saturday evening baby-sitting for the Rodriguez family.

A not in the labor force

B not in the target population

C discouraged worker

D unemployed

E employed

Question #22

Which of the following statements about bureaucracy is true?

A A bureaucracy is a hierarchy based on personal authority and charisma.

B Bureaucracies exist only in Europe and the United States.

C By definition, a bureaucracy can exist only in the government or not-for-profit sector.

D Bureaucracies are highly inefficient by nature.

E A bureaucracy is characterized by standardized rules and procedures.

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