Test 1

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Question #1

The division of labor is highest in which type of society?

A feudal

B industrial

C imperial societies

D advanced industrial

E hunting and gathering

Question #2

In which of these societies was work regarded as a sacred ritual?

A feudal system

B merchant capitalism

C postindustrial society

D hunting and gathering societies

E mass production

Question #3

Select the government’s reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government’s term in reference to the person’s situation during the reference week for the Current Population
Survey. Joe Miller, age 45, worked Tuesday through Friday at the Westview Widget Works. He took Monday off to attend a neighbor’s funeral.

A employed

B not in the labor force

C unemployed

D not in the target population

E discouraged worker

Question #4

Historically, many systems of work encountered certain difficulties. Select the system of organizing work associated with that system’s reason for difficulty:
The work day lengthened, work intensified, and the number of holidays decreased.

A postindustrial society

B putting-out industry

C guild system (Roman Era)

D the factory system

E craft guilds (Middle Ages)

Question #5

Markets in modern societies

A have replaced barter.

B all of the others

C cover many more commodities used in daily life.

D involve services as well as goods.

E are global in reach.

Question #6

Industrial capitalism (the factory system) was accompanied by

A stopping emigration to the colonies.

B the introduction of machinery.

C the emancipation of women through participation in the workforce.

D greater attention to workers’ conditions.

E a decrease in the division of labor.

Question #7

Select the government’s reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government’s term in reference to the person’s situation during the reference week for the Current Population
Survey. Joe Miller’s father, Walter Miller, age 77, is retired but spent the week sitting in the courthouse square and playing checkers. He won $3 from Sam Smith by betting on the outcome of the checkers game.

A not in the target population

B employed

C unemployed

D discouraged worker

E not in the labor force

Question #8

The relative disadvantage of sample surveys is

A experimenter bias.

B lack of reliability.

C lack of generalizability.

D response error.

E interviewer fatigue.

Question #9

An advantage of multiple methods is

A less response error.

B greater reliability.

C less experimental bias.

D less attention to ascribed characteristics.

E greater government subsidy.

Question #10

Imperial societies developed

A markets.

B slave labor.

C the assembly line.

D agriculture.

E bureaucracy.

Question #11

Classical and contemporary theories of work are challenged by

A the alienation of workers.

B the creation of a class structure.

C rapid change in the nature of work.

D the development of bureaucracy.

E the monetization of commodity production.

Question #12

The contradictory nature of work is depicted by

A the fact that work produces both satisfaction and alienation.

C the contrast between the situations of free workers and slaves.

D the fact that both workers and managers can be described as working.

E the fact that work generates both goods and services.

F the relationship of bureaucracy to technology.

Question #13

Select the government’s reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government’s term in reference to the person’s situation during the reference week for the Current Population
Survey. Clara Miller, Walter’s wife, is age 75. She has stopped looking for work because she believes no one will hire a woman of her age.

A not in the labor force

B unemployed

C discouraged worker

D employed

E not in the target population

Question #14

The social stratification of a society is most influenced by

A the division of labor.

B the number of women who work outside the home.

C the number of factories per thousand workers.

D the ratio of unpaid to paid labor.

E the level of technology in services.

Question #15

A good survey includes all of the following EXCEPT

A experimenter bias.

B a representative set of respondents.

C minimal response error.

D valid questions.

E reliable questions.

Question #16

Serfs are associated with

A sheep enclosures.

B craft work in ancient Rome.

C service work.

D corvee labor.

E craft work in a city.

Question #17

When sociologists conduct sample surveys, they ask questions of a systematic sample of people. What is the relationship of the sample to the population of interest?

A The sample is the same as the population.

B The sample answers questions that the population refuses to answer.

C The sample is representative of the population.

D The sample represents only the working part of the population.

E The sample has a smaller response error than the population.

Question #18

Sociologists who study work use as their unit of analysis
all of the following EXCEPT

A the labor force.

B unions.

C income tax returns.

D the worker.

E occupations.

Question #19

Characteristics of work that are hard to measure often involve

A the Hawthorne Effect.

B sample surveys.

C experimental bias.

D both objective and subjective elements.

E official labor force statistics.

Question #20

How occupations are perceived by others is measured by

A occupational prestige.

B detailed occupation groupings.

C mixed methods.

D socioeconomic status scores.

E establishment surveys.

Question #21

Select the government’s reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government’s term in reference to the person’s situation during the reference week for the Current Population
Survey. Sharon Miller, age 17, spent four hours Friday evening and four hours Saturday evening baby-sitting for the Rodriguez family.

A employed

B not in the target population

C not in the labor force

D unemployed

E discouraged worker

Question #22

Which of the following statements about bureaucracy is true?

A Bureaucracies exist only in Europe and the United States.

B A bureaucracy is a hierarchy based on personal authority and charisma.

C Bureaucracies are highly inefficient by nature.

D By definition, a bureaucracy can exist only in the government or not-for-profit sector.

E A bureaucracy is characterized by standardized rules and procedures.

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