Midterm

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A  Plato’s “Euthyphro”

B  Plato’s Republic

C  Kant’s “Grounds for Metaphysics of Morals”

D  Aristotle’s “Nicomachean Ethics”

A  Humans are capable of being good, but because of their weakness choose to be bad

B  Humans nature is fallen and sinful from the beginning and they are unable to be good

C  Humans have divine nature and do not usually sin, but they make mistakes because of their lack of faith

D  Humans are originally pure, but Satan makes them sinful by tempting them

A  Rumi

B  Plato

C  Kant

D  Augustine

A  Objects are perceived in three ways: how people perceive them relatively, how people see them emotionally and how people interpret them subjectively

B  Objects have three versions: The physical, which is the real, the imitation through art, which is the shadow and the imitation of the imitation, which is the third

C  There is no one object, but numerous, because each person sees his/her own version of the object

D  Each object can have three versions: the one depicted by painters, art, imitators, the second – the actual physical, and the third, which is the only original, true idea of the object

A  The garden of Eden

B  Satan sinned and was cast out

C  Satan wanted to become God

D  Satan refused to bow down to newly created humans

A  Hedonism

B  Bakhti Yoga

C  Asceticism

D  Moksha

A  Realization that moral actions will be rewarded in a higher reality

B  One’s loyalty to duty

C  Usefulness and talents

D  Realization that all art is fake

A  Islam/Original Sin

B  Utilitarianism/Maximizing happiness for the majority

C  All pairs are correct

D  Cultural Relativism/Universal, Objective Morality

A  Yoga

B  Nirvana

C  Kama

D  Karma

A  You shouldn’t cheat on your exams, because it is against the will of God

B  Cheating is bad, but only in special cases you may, if it is necessary to achieve more important results.

C  You shouldn’t cheat on your exams, because if cheating on exams was the moral norm, there would be no exams, so it doesn’t make sense

D  You shouldn’t cheat on your exams, because it will produce bad education and will increase unhappiness for the majority

A  Cultural Norms

B  Useful Consequences of actions

C  Good Will

D  The 10 commandments

A  Bentham believes utilitarianism must maximize pleasure and happiness, but Mill believes in supernaturalism and intuitionism

B  There is no difference, they both believe in the same principle of pleasure and happiness as the final goal

C  Bentham believes pleasure is pleasure, but Mill thinks higher, dignified and quality pleasure is the final goal

D  Mill thinks Happiness and Pleasure are not the final goal of human beings, but Bentham does

A  Identical in all religions

B  Urban and political

C  By necessity, highly metaphoric and symbolic

D  Unnecessary and superstitious

A  Golden Rule

B  Realism

C  Descriptivism

D  Pluralism

A  Things are good and bad in themselves and consequences do not matter

B  Kant is skeptical about morality and doesn’t believe there is objective morality

C  An action is moral if it uses human beings as means to an end

D  Things are good if they produce more pleasure

A  Materialists, because it implies a belief that moral actions are simply emotional phenomenon and are not real or valid

B  Religious people, because it implies a belief in the emotional validity of the human soul

C  Moral actions are driven by inner motivation originated from consciousness

D  Morality is different for different people and it all depends on their culture and upbringing

A  Before taking action, one should carefully weigh “for” and “against” arguments

B  All spiritual things are logical and therefore moral

C  Moral statements that cannot be proven empirically, based on sensory data, are simply feelings and are meaningless

D  One should always choose the lesser of two evils

A  Humans have a soul and a spirit and both are immaterial

B  Human soul reincarnates in many bodies based on its karmic debt

C  Humans possess innate ability to foresee upcoming events

D  Moral choices can only be made based on inner conviction and knowledge of right and wrong.

A  Political Sceptic

B  Utilitarianist

C  Societal Platonist

D  Cultural Relativist