Midterm

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A  Plato’s Republic

B  Kant’s “Grounds for Metaphysics of Morals”

C  Plato’s “Euthyphro”

D  Aristotle’s “Nicomachean Ethics”

A  Humans are originally pure, but Satan makes them sinful by tempting them

B  Humans have divine nature and do not usually sin, but they make mistakes because of their lack of faith

C  Humans are capable of being good, but because of their weakness choose to be bad

D  Humans nature is fallen and sinful from the beginning and they are unable to be good

A  Kant

B  Augustine

C  Plato

D  Rumi

A  Objects are perceived in three ways: how people perceive them relatively, how people see them emotionally and how people interpret them subjectively

B  Each object can have three versions: the one depicted by painters, art, imitators, the second – the actual physical, and the third, which is the only original, true idea of the object

C  Objects have three versions: The physical, which is the real, the imitation through art, which is the shadow and the imitation of the imitation, which is the third

D  There is no one object, but numerous, because each person sees his/her own version of the object

A  Satan refused to bow down to newly created humans

B  Satan wanted to become God

C  The garden of Eden

D  Satan sinned and was cast out

A  Bakhti Yoga

B  Hedonism

C  Moksha

D  Asceticism

A  One’s loyalty to duty

B  Realization that all art is fake

C  Realization that moral actions will be rewarded in a higher reality

D  Usefulness and talents

A  Utilitarianism/Maximizing happiness for the majority

B  Islam/Original Sin

C  All pairs are correct

D  Cultural Relativism/Universal, Objective Morality

A  Kama

B  Karma

C  Nirvana

D  Yoga

A  You shouldn’t cheat on your exams, because it will produce bad education and will increase unhappiness for the majority

B  You shouldn’t cheat on your exams, because if cheating on exams was the moral norm, there would be no exams, so it doesn’t make sense

C  Cheating is bad, but only in special cases you may, if it is necessary to achieve more important results.

D  You shouldn’t cheat on your exams, because it is against the will of God

A  Cultural Norms

B  The 10 commandments

C  Good Will

D  Useful Consequences of actions

A  Mill thinks Happiness and Pleasure are not the final goal of human beings, but Bentham does

B  Bentham believes pleasure is pleasure, but Mill thinks higher, dignified and quality pleasure is the final goal

C  Bentham believes utilitarianism must maximize pleasure and happiness, but Mill believes in supernaturalism and intuitionism

D  There is no difference, they both believe in the same principle of pleasure and happiness as the final goal

A  Urban and political

B  Identical in all religions

C  Unnecessary and superstitious

D  By necessity, highly metaphoric and symbolic

A  Realism

B  Descriptivism

C  Pluralism

D  Golden Rule

A  Things are good and bad in themselves and consequences do not matter

B  An action is moral if it uses human beings as means to an end

C  Kant is skeptical about morality and doesn’t believe there is objective morality

D  Things are good if they produce more pleasure

A  Religious people, because it implies a belief in the emotional validity of the human soul

B  Moral actions are driven by inner motivation originated from consciousness

C  Morality is different for different people and it all depends on their culture and upbringing

D  Materialists, because it implies a belief that moral actions are simply emotional phenomenon and are not real or valid

A  All spiritual things are logical and therefore moral

B  Moral statements that cannot be proven empirically, based on sensory data, are simply feelings and are meaningless

C  One should always choose the lesser of two evils

D  Before taking action, one should carefully weigh “for” and “against” arguments

A  Moral choices can only be made based on inner conviction and knowledge of right and wrong.

B  Humans possess innate ability to foresee upcoming events

C  Humans have a soul and a spirit and both are immaterial

D  Human soul reincarnates in many bodies based on its karmic debt

A  Societal Platonist

B  Utilitarianist

C  Political Sceptic

D  Cultural Relativist