Lecture Exam 3

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Question #1

Which of the following enzymes is used to unwind, transcribe, and rewind DNA during transcription?

A primase

B RNA polymerase

C DNA polymerase

D topisomerase

Question #2

If a particular short DNA sequence is AGATTC, the corresponding RNA sequence will be:

A AGAUUC.

B TCTAAG.

C AGATTC.

D UCUAAG.

Question #3

Copy of Which of the following represents the correct flow of genetic information, from DNAï mRNAï tRNA:

A UUGACUï TTGACTï AACUGA

B UUGACUï AACUGAï TTGACT

C AACUGAï TTGACTï UUGACU

D TTGACT ï AACUGAï UUGACU

Question #4

A gene is a segment of mRNA:

A between a start and stop codon

B at the end of two stop codons

C between a stop and start codon

D between two start codons

Question #5

In our lecture, I compared genes to:

A colors of the rainbow

B types of people

C different cars

D books of information

Question #6

DNA molecules are made up of subunits called nucleotides. How many different types of nucleotides are used to make DNA molecules?

A two types

B three types

C four types

D one type

Question #7

All of the following are true statements concerning DNA structure, EXCEPT:

A the two strands of a DNA molecule are antiparallel to each other.

B DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose.

C the two strands of a DNA molecule are held together by hydrogen bonds.

D DNA contains the nitrogenous bases A, C, G, and U.

Question #8

During replication, which of the following enzymes corrects DNA from overwinding ahead of the replication fork?

A topoisomerase

B primase

C helicase

D DNA polymerase

Question #9

DNA unwinding is done by:

A helicase

B ligase

C topoisomerase

D DNA polymerase

Question #10

Okazaki fragments are:

A short gaps on the lagging parent DNA strand

B short gaps on the leading copy DNA strand

C short gaps on the leading parent DNA strand

D short gaps on the lagging copy DNA strand

Question #11

Original DNA sequence: ATC CAT
Mutated DNA sequence: ATC GCAT.
What type of mutation occurred?

A point mutation

B silent

C deletion

D insertion

Question #12

Original DNA: CAT GAT
Mutated DNA: CAT AT
What type of mutation occurred?

A substitution

B silent

C deletion

D insertion

Question #13

A type of substitution in which no amino acids change is called:

A missense

B nonsense

C silent

D Deletion

Question #14

Bacterial conjugation is an example of:

A vertical gene transfer

B bacterial transformation

C horizontal gene transfer

D transduction

Question #15

The transfer of genes from one cell to another by a bacteriophage is known as:

A transduction

B conjugation

C transformation

D recombination

Question #16

Genes transferred from one cell to another is called:

A horizontal gene transfer

B transfer of gene

C vertical gene transfer

D gene transfer

Question #17

The transfer of naked DNA from one cell to another is referred to as:

A lysogeny

B transduction

C transformation

D conjugation

Question #18

A protein that binds to the operator and blocks the RNA polymerase is called the:

A repressor

B regulator

C activator

D corepressor

Question #19

Transcription of the structural genes in an inducible operon:

A occurs continuously in the cell.

B starts when the pathway’s substrate is present.

C does not result in the production of enzymes.

D starts when the pathways product is present.

E stops when the pathway’s product is present.

Question #20

The lactose operon is likely to be transcribed when:

A the cyclic AMP and lactose levels are both high within the cell.

B the cyclic AMP levels are low.

C there is more glucose in the cell than lactose.

D there is glucose but no lactose in the cell.

E the cAMP level is high and the lactose level is low.

Question #21

This protein is produced by a regulatory gene:

A operon

B repressor

C corepressor

D promotor

E inducer

Question #22

The Escherichia coli lac operon is transcribed when:

A all of these

B lactose is present.

C lactose binds to the promoter.

D repressor protein is bound to the operator.

Question #23

The Calvin-Benson cycle is considered a cycle because the end product, ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) in this sequence chemically reacts with CO2 to form more product, which in turn, can be used to start the process to make glucose. What is the name of the first compound made in this cycle?

A oxaloacetic acid

B NAD+

C phosphoglyceric acid

D CO2

E O2

Question #24

During light-dependent photosynthesis, photosythetic microbes make NADPH. Ultimately, what will NADPH made in this step be used for?

A oxidized in order to make ATP

B oxidized in order to make water

C oxidized in order to make glucose

D oxidized in order to make CO2

E reduced in order to make glucose

Question #25

Which molecule would absolutely have to be present in order to keep the Krebs cycle turning and making more products?

A O2

B Acetyl CoA

C ATP

D H20

E NADH

Question #26

The Kreb’s cycle completes two full turns for the oxidation of all pyruvic acid from glycolysis. How many total NADH molecules are made from Krebs cycle reactions only?

A 4

B 2

C 0

D 6

E 8

Question #27

The Kreb’s cycle is a sequence of enzyme reactions that regenerate themselves once acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) is added. Citric acid is the first compound in this sequence of reactions. The cycle continues when citric acid is further oxidized yield a product in the final step of this cycle. What is the name of the final product in this cycle?

A O2

B NAD+

C oxaloacetic acid

D phosphoglyceric acid

E CO2

Question #28

During the first glycolytic step, 2 ATP molecules have to be invested. The energy from these ATPs is used to immediately make a new molecule so that it can be oxidized later on in glycolysis. What is the name of this new molecule?

A glucose 3-phosphate (G3P)

B oxaloacetic acid

C pyruvic acid

D citric acid

E glucose 6-phosphate (G6P)

Question #29

During the glycolysis Energy Conserving stage, two glycolytic end-products or final products are made. Which of the following are the final glycolytic products?

A phosphoglyceric acid

B oxaloacetic acid

C glucose 3-phosphate (G3P)

D pyruvic acid

Question #30

NAD+, FAD, and NADP+ are all examples of:

A cytochromes.

B electron carriers.

C precursor metabolites.

D enzymes.

Question #31

What does NADH transfer?

A acetyl groups

B ATP

C electrons

D Acetyl CoA

E phosphate groups

Question #32

Microbial fermentation can be detected in laboratory identification by observing a change in:

A oxygen levels

B temperature

C glucose levels

D pH

Question #33

Which metabolic pathway or process is common to both aerobic oxidation and fermentation of sugar?

A transition reaction

B electron transport system

C glycolysis

D Krebs cycle

Question #34

Reducing enzyme activity by blocking its active sites is called:

A allosteric inhibition

B feedback inhibition

C non-competitive inhibition

D competitive inhibition

Question #35

Enzymes are capable of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction through which of the following processes?

A changing pH

B Increasing the activation energy

C increasing available ATP

D reducing the activation energy

Question #36

Some of the drugs used to treat HIV patients are competitive inhibitors of the HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme. Unfortunately, the high mutation rate of HIV means that the virus rapidly acquires mutations with amino acid changes that make them resistant to competitive inhibitors. If these drugs are competative inhibitors, where in the reverse transcriptase enzyme would such an amino acid change most likely occur in drug resistant viruses?

A in regions of the protein that determine packaging into the virus capsid

B in the active site

C at an allosteric site

D such mutations could occur anywhere with equal probability

E at a cofactor binding site

Question #37

In allosteric feedback inhibition, which molecule ultimately inactivates the FIRST enzyme in a series of reactions involving many enzymes in a cascade?

A sunlight

B a new substrate that the cell absorbs

C the final product in the reaction series

D the second enzyme in the reaction series

Question #38

How does extreme temperature affect mesophilic proteins?

A destroys substrates

B breaks chemical bonds

C preserves existing chemical bonds

D destroys products

Question #39

The proton motive force is:

A the movement of water across a membrane

B ATP accumulation in the plasma membrane

C the accumulation of water formed in respiration

D a H+ electrochemical gradient formed across the plasma membrane

E the movement of flagella

Question #40

Why is oxygen necessary in aerobic cellular respiration?

A it is needed for glycolysis, which begins the process of respiration in cells.

B it is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.

C it is important in creating oxaloacetic acid in the Krebs cycle.

D it provides the hydrogen nuclei needed to create a proton gradient outside of the cell

Question #41

Dividing bacterial cells require large amounts of energy in the form of ATP. Which of the following processes results in the greatest production of ATP?

A glycolysis

B the Kreb’s cycle

C substrate-level phosphorylation

D oxidative phosphorylation

E fermentation

Question #42

Which of the following statements is an accurate description of what happens in electron transport?

A NADH and FADH are oxidized.

B The final electron acceptor is oxidized.

C The electrons gain energy with each transfer in the chain.

D NADH and FADH are reduced.

Question #43

What is the oxidative phosphorylation function of the ATP proton pump?

A to make ADP

B to make ATP

C to make O2

D to make CO2

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