Lecture Exam 1 (A)

A  increase the pH so that the antibiotic does not work

B  more than one of the above is correct

C  change the microorganismâ s targeted cell structure

D  move to a new location where there is no antibiotic

E  change the antibiotic structure so that it cannot function

F  none of the above is correct

A  air

B  dust

C  sunlight

D  carbon dioxide

E  oxygen

A  the experimenter could look for contamination without disturbing the experiment.

B  the flask had a glass barrier that prevented contamination.

C  the flask could be heated media in order to prevent microbial growth.

D  the flask allowed fresh air to directly contact the medium

A  pathogenicity

B  parasitism

C  commensalism

D  mutualism

A  a milder disease will result.

B  pathogens cannot enter by alternate routes.

C  a more severe disease will result.

D  a different disease of the same severity will result.

A  endemic

B  epidemic

C  sporadic

D  pandemic

A  epidemic.

B  pandemic.

C  endemic.

D  sporadic.

A  their outer shell is full of neutrons

B  their outer shell is full of atoms

C  their outer shell is full of electrons

D  their outer shell is full of protons

A  community infections

B  social infections

C  nosocomial infections

D  vector-borne infections

A  penetration point

B  portal of entry

C  infectious point

D  lethal point

A  inert electrons

B  reactive electrons

C  valence electrons

D  octet electrons

A  the number of electrons in the outer valence shell

B  the number of protons in the outer valance shell and the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

C  the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

D  the number of protons in the outer valance shell

E  none of the above

A  the organism must be isolated in pure culture from the lab animal

B  the isolated organism must be inoculated in a human and cause disease

C  the organism must be isolated in all cases of disease

D  the microorganism must be isolated in pure culture

A  a place the microbe resides during an infection.

B  an infected host organism

C  the animal or object that transmits the infectious disease to humans

D  a place for the microbe to live before and after infection.

A  they usually end with very minimal loss of human life

B  ignorance almost always makes them worse

C  social isolation never makes them go away

D  they only affect poor, less affluent countries

A  illness

B  more than one of the above is correct

C  convalescence

D  decline

E  prodromal

F  incubation

A  they can be detected before they outbreak into pandemics

B  when humans are the final spill over recipient, the virulence increases

C  they always are transmitted from the same vector

D  they often involve several animals before they transmit to humans

A  hot zone

B  vector

C  reservoir

D  source

A  prodromal period, convalescence, incubation, illness, decline

B  convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline

C  illness, convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, decline

D  incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence

E  incubation, convalescence, prodromal period, illness, decline

A  mortality

B  morbidity

C  incidence

D  prevalence

A  herd immunity

B  threshold immunity

C  resistance effect

D  vicarious immunity

A  animals.

B  insects.

C  individuals

D  states.

E  continents.

A  polar-covalent bond.

B  ionic bond.

C  non-polar covalent bond

D  hydrogen bond.

A  transmitting infectious water droplets through sweating

B  transmitting infectious water droplets through the rain

C  transmitting infectious water droplets through laughing

D  more than one of the above is correct

E  transmitting infectious water droplets through sneezing

F  none of the above is correct

A  is exactly the same for every infectious outbreak in recent history

B  refers to the number of people an infected person will infect with the virus

C  refers to the proportion of fatal cases among those that have the disease

D  refers to the proportion of living cases among those that have the disease

A  an infection that spreads from an animal to a human

B  an infection the spreads in a hospital

C  an infection whose spread cannot be controlled

D  an infection that spreads between two humans

A  prodromal route

B  parenteral route.

C  respiratory membrane

D  nosocomial route

E  none of the above

A  all microorganisms in a certain geographic region

B  all of the microorganisms involved in symbiotic relationships

C  all microorganisms the human body

D  all microorganisms of the same species

A  the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

B  the number of microorganisms infecting the host

C  the number of microorganisms infecting the host, the virulence of the organism and the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

D  the virulence of the organism

E  none of the above are correct

A  infection rate

B  number of incidences

C  death rate

D  more than one of the above is correct

E  number of prevalence

F  none of the above is correct

A  partial

B  opportunistic

C  nosocomial

D  common source

A  a microbe that causes disease in humans

B  a parasite that kills its host

C  a virus that does nothing to humans

D  a parasite that infects dogs

A  Spallanzani did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

B  Spallanzani covered his flasks with gauze before boiling

C  Needham did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

D  Needham covered his flasks with gauze after boiling the media

A  the urinary tract

B  the eyes and skin

C  the respiratory tract

D  the placenta

E  the digestive tract

A  size

B  location

C  time

D  temperature

A  matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

B  neither energy and matter can be created and destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

C  energy is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

D  energy and matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

A  time of infection and recovery

B  the initial infection and appearance of clinical symptoms

C  appearance of clinical symptoms and death

D  the time of infection and death

A  demonstrate that a disease is caused by a specific microorganism.

B  develop vaccines for specific diseases.

C  isolate microorganisms from diseased animals.

D  clearly identify and characterize a particular microorganism.

A  environmental conditions

B  genetic profile, human behavior and environmental conditions

C  genetic profile

D  human behavior and genetic profile

A  it is highly virulent

B  it is a sporadic infection

C  its virulence is low

D  it is not human pathogen

E  none of the above are correct

A  cells

B  bacteria

C  disease

D  air

A  stomach acid decreases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae.

B  stomach acid is not an important factor in determining virulence.

C  stomach acid increases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae

D  pH has no effect on virulence.

A  appearance

B  DNA

C  Gram stains

D  mitochondrial

E  fats

A  a flask that was sealed and turned upside down

B  a flask with a gauze covering

C  a flask that was open for one week and sealed for another week

D  a Swan necked flask

A  living cells can only arise from preexisting living cells

B  Microorganisms can be generated for nonliving matter

C  oxygen is necessary for living organisms

D  nonliving matter gives rise to living organisms

A  2, 8, 18, 8, 5

B  2, 8, 18

C  2, 8, 18, 2

D  2, 8, 18, 8, 2

A  3 times more acidic

B  30 times more acidic

C  1000 times more acidic

D  100 times more acidic

E  10 times more acidic

A  towels

B  door handles

C  needles

D  human hands

E  more than one of the above is correct

A  7.5

B  8

C  7

D  1.5

E  14

A  mutualistic.

B  pathogens.

C  parasites.

D  commensals.