Lecture Exam 1 (A)

A  change the antibiotic structure so that it cannot function

B  change the microorganismâ s targeted cell structure

C  increase the pH so that the antibiotic does not work

D  more than one of the above is correct

E  move to a new location where there is no antibiotic

F  none of the above is correct

A  sunlight

B  oxygen

C  dust

D  carbon dioxide

E  air

A  the flask allowed fresh air to directly contact the medium

B  the flask could be heated media in order to prevent microbial growth.

C  the flask had a glass barrier that prevented contamination.

D  the experimenter could look for contamination without disturbing the experiment.

A  parasitism

B  commensalism

C  pathogenicity

D  mutualism

A  a more severe disease will result.

B  pathogens cannot enter by alternate routes.

C  a different disease of the same severity will result.

D  a milder disease will result.

A  endemic

B  sporadic

C  epidemic

D  pandemic

A  pandemic.

B  sporadic.

C  epidemic.

D  endemic.

A  their outer shell is full of atoms

B  their outer shell is full of neutrons

C  their outer shell is full of electrons

D  their outer shell is full of protons

A  social infections

B  community infections

C  nosocomial infections

D  vector-borne infections

A  portal of entry

B  lethal point

C  infectious point

D  penetration point

A  inert electrons

B  octet electrons

C  valence electrons

D  reactive electrons

A  the number of electrons in the outer valence shell

B  the number of protons in the outer valance shell and the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

C  the number of protons in the outer valance shell

D  the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

E  none of the above

A  the microorganism must be isolated in pure culture

B  the isolated organism must be inoculated in a human and cause disease

C  the organism must be isolated in pure culture from the lab animal

D  the organism must be isolated in all cases of disease

A  a place for the microbe to live before and after infection.

B  an infected host organism

C  the animal or object that transmits the infectious disease to humans

D  a place the microbe resides during an infection.

A  they usually end with very minimal loss of human life

B  ignorance almost always makes them worse

C  they only affect poor, less affluent countries

D  social isolation never makes them go away

A  prodromal

B  convalescence

C  decline

D  illness

E  incubation

F  more than one of the above is correct

A  they can be detected before they outbreak into pandemics

B  they always are transmitted from the same vector

C  they often involve several animals before they transmit to humans

D  when humans are the final spill over recipient, the virulence increases

A  source

B  vector

C  reservoir

D  hot zone

A  incubation, convalescence, prodromal period, illness, decline

B  incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence

C  illness, convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, decline

D  convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline

E  prodromal period, convalescence, incubation, illness, decline

A  incidence

B  morbidity

C  mortality

D  prevalence

A  threshold immunity

B  herd immunity

C  vicarious immunity

D  resistance effect

A  states.

B  continents.

C  animals.

D  insects.

E  individuals

A  polar-covalent bond.

B  hydrogen bond.

C  ionic bond.

D  non-polar covalent bond

A  transmitting infectious water droplets through sweating

B  transmitting infectious water droplets through sneezing

C  more than one of the above is correct

D  transmitting infectious water droplets through the rain

E  transmitting infectious water droplets through laughing

F  none of the above is correct

A  refers to the number of people an infected person will infect with the virus

B  refers to the proportion of living cases among those that have the disease

C  refers to the proportion of fatal cases among those that have the disease

D  is exactly the same for every infectious outbreak in recent history

A  an infection whose spread cannot be controlled

B  an infection that spreads from an animal to a human

C  an infection the spreads in a hospital

D  an infection that spreads between two humans

A  parenteral route.

B  prodromal route

C  nosocomial route

D  respiratory membrane

E  none of the above

A  all microorganisms of the same species

B  all microorganisms the human body

C  all of the microorganisms involved in symbiotic relationships

D  all microorganisms in a certain geographic region

A  the number of microorganisms infecting the host, the virulence of the organism and the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

B  the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

C  the virulence of the organism

D  the number of microorganisms infecting the host

E  none of the above are correct

A  number of prevalence

B  number of incidences

C  death rate

D  more than one of the above is correct

E  infection rate

F  none of the above is correct

A  common source

B  opportunistic

C  nosocomial

D  partial

A  a parasite that infects dogs

B  a parasite that kills its host

C  a virus that does nothing to humans

D  a microbe that causes disease in humans

A  Needham covered his flasks with gauze after boiling the media

B  Spallanzani did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

C  Needham did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

D  Spallanzani covered his flasks with gauze before boiling

A  the digestive tract

B  the eyes and skin

C  the urinary tract

D  the placenta

E  the respiratory tract

A  time

B  location

C  temperature

D  size

A  neither energy and matter can be created and destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

B  energy and matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

C  energy is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

D  matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

A  the initial infection and appearance of clinical symptoms

B  time of infection and recovery

C  appearance of clinical symptoms and death

D  the time of infection and death

A  clearly identify and characterize a particular microorganism.

B  demonstrate that a disease is caused by a specific microorganism.

C  isolate microorganisms from diseased animals.

D  develop vaccines for specific diseases.

A  genetic profile

B  environmental conditions

C  genetic profile, human behavior and environmental conditions

D  human behavior and genetic profile

A  it is highly virulent

B  it is not human pathogen

C  its virulence is low

D  it is a sporadic infection

E  none of the above are correct

A  bacteria

B  disease

C  air

D  cells

A  stomach acid increases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae

B  stomach acid is not an important factor in determining virulence.

C  pH has no effect on virulence.

D  stomach acid decreases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae.

A  mitochondrial

B  Gram stains

C  fats

D  DNA

E  appearance

A  a Swan necked flask

B  a flask with a gauze covering

C  a flask that was sealed and turned upside down

D  a flask that was open for one week and sealed for another week

A  oxygen is necessary for living organisms

B  living cells can only arise from preexisting living cells

C  nonliving matter gives rise to living organisms

D  Microorganisms can be generated for nonliving matter

A  2, 8, 18, 8, 5

B  2, 8, 18, 8, 2

C  2, 8, 18, 2

D  2, 8, 18

A  1000 times more acidic

B  100 times more acidic

C  10 times more acidic

D  30 times more acidic

E  3 times more acidic

A  towels

B  human hands

C  door handles

D  more than one of the above is correct

E  needles

A  14

B  7

C  7.5

D  1.5

E  8

A  pathogens.

B  parasites.

C  mutualistic.

D  commensals.