Lecture Exam 1 (A)

A  change the microorganismâ s targeted cell structure

B  more than one of the above is correct

C  increase the pH so that the antibiotic does not work

D  change the antibiotic structure so that it cannot function

E  move to a new location where there is no antibiotic

F  none of the above is correct

A  air

B  sunlight

C  oxygen

D  carbon dioxide

E  dust

A  the experimenter could look for contamination without disturbing the experiment.

B  the flask could be heated media in order to prevent microbial growth.

C  the flask allowed fresh air to directly contact the medium

D  the flask had a glass barrier that prevented contamination.

A  commensalism

B  mutualism

C  pathogenicity

D  parasitism

A  a milder disease will result.

B  a more severe disease will result.

C  a different disease of the same severity will result.

D  pathogens cannot enter by alternate routes.

A  epidemic

B  sporadic

C  pandemic

D  endemic

A  sporadic.

B  endemic.

C  pandemic.

D  epidemic.

A  their outer shell is full of neutrons

B  their outer shell is full of atoms

C  their outer shell is full of protons

D  their outer shell is full of electrons

A  vector-borne infections

B  social infections

C  nosocomial infections

D  community infections

A  lethal point

B  penetration point

C  infectious point

D  portal of entry

A  inert electrons

B  reactive electrons

C  octet electrons

D  valence electrons

A  the number of protons in the outer valance shell and the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

B  the number of protons in the outer valance shell

C  the number of electrons in the outer valence shell

D  the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

E  none of the above

A  the microorganism must be isolated in pure culture

B  the isolated organism must be inoculated in a human and cause disease

C  the organism must be isolated in pure culture from the lab animal

D  the organism must be isolated in all cases of disease

A  a place for the microbe to live before and after infection.

B  the animal or object that transmits the infectious disease to humans

C  a place the microbe resides during an infection.

D  an infected host organism

A  they only affect poor, less affluent countries

B  ignorance almost always makes them worse

C  social isolation never makes them go away

D  they usually end with very minimal loss of human life

A  incubation

B  illness

C  decline

D  more than one of the above is correct

E  prodromal

F  convalescence

A  they can be detected before they outbreak into pandemics

B  they often involve several animals before they transmit to humans

C  when humans are the final spill over recipient, the virulence increases

D  they always are transmitted from the same vector

A  reservoir

B  vector

C  hot zone

D  source

A  illness, convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, decline

B  prodromal period, convalescence, incubation, illness, decline

C  convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline

D  incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence

E  incubation, convalescence, prodromal period, illness, decline

A  morbidity

B  prevalence

C  mortality

D  incidence

A  threshold immunity

B  vicarious immunity

C  herd immunity

D  resistance effect

A  individuals

B  continents.

C  animals.

D  insects.

E  states.

A  non-polar covalent bond

B  ionic bond.

C  polar-covalent bond.

D  hydrogen bond.

A  transmitting infectious water droplets through the rain

B  transmitting infectious water droplets through sneezing

C  transmitting infectious water droplets through laughing

D  more than one of the above is correct

E  transmitting infectious water droplets through sweating

F  none of the above is correct

A  is exactly the same for every infectious outbreak in recent history

B  refers to the proportion of living cases among those that have the disease

C  refers to the number of people an infected person will infect with the virus

D  refers to the proportion of fatal cases among those that have the disease

A  an infection that spreads between two humans

B  an infection the spreads in a hospital

C  an infection whose spread cannot be controlled

D  an infection that spreads from an animal to a human

A  prodromal route

B  parenteral route.

C  respiratory membrane

D  nosocomial route

E  none of the above

A  all microorganisms in a certain geographic region

B  all microorganisms of the same species

C  all microorganisms the human body

D  all of the microorganisms involved in symbiotic relationships

A  the number of microorganisms infecting the host, the virulence of the organism and the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

B  the number of microorganisms infecting the host

C  the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

D  the virulence of the organism

E  none of the above are correct

A  number of prevalence

B  death rate

C  infection rate

D  more than one of the above is correct

E  number of incidences

F  none of the above is correct

A  opportunistic

B  common source

C  nosocomial

D  partial

A  a parasite that infects dogs

B  a parasite that kills its host

C  a virus that does nothing to humans

D  a microbe that causes disease in humans

A  Spallanzani covered his flasks with gauze before boiling

B  Spallanzani did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

C  Needham covered his flasks with gauze after boiling the media

D  Needham did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

A  the respiratory tract

B  the digestive tract

C  the eyes and skin

D  the urinary tract

E  the placenta

A  size

B  temperature

C  location

D  time

A  energy and matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

B  energy is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

C  matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

D  neither energy and matter can be created and destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

A  the time of infection and death

B  appearance of clinical symptoms and death

C  time of infection and recovery

D  the initial infection and appearance of clinical symptoms

A  develop vaccines for specific diseases.

B  demonstrate that a disease is caused by a specific microorganism.

C  clearly identify and characterize a particular microorganism.

D  isolate microorganisms from diseased animals.

A  human behavior and genetic profile

B  environmental conditions

C  genetic profile

D  genetic profile, human behavior and environmental conditions

A  it is not human pathogen

B  it is highly virulent

C  its virulence is low

D  it is a sporadic infection

E  none of the above are correct

A  cells

B  bacteria

C  air

D  disease

A  stomach acid decreases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae.

B  pH has no effect on virulence.

C  stomach acid increases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae

D  stomach acid is not an important factor in determining virulence.

A  Gram stains

B  fats

C  mitochondrial

D  DNA

E  appearance

A  a Swan necked flask

B  a flask with a gauze covering

C  a flask that was open for one week and sealed for another week

D  a flask that was sealed and turned upside down

A  living cells can only arise from preexisting living cells

B  nonliving matter gives rise to living organisms

C  oxygen is necessary for living organisms

D  Microorganisms can be generated for nonliving matter

A  2, 8, 18

B  2, 8, 18, 8, 5

C  2, 8, 18, 2

D  2, 8, 18, 8, 2

A  3 times more acidic

B  1000 times more acidic

C  10 times more acidic

D  100 times more acidic

E  30 times more acidic

A  human hands

B  more than one of the above is correct

C  door handles

D  towels

E  needles

A  7

B  1.5

C  14

D  8

E  7.5

A  commensals.

B  mutualistic.

C  parasites.

D  pathogens.