Lecture Exam 1 (A)

A  increase the pH so that the antibiotic does not work

B  more than one of the above is correct

C  move to a new location where there is no antibiotic

D  change the antibiotic structure so that it cannot function

E  change the microorganismâ s targeted cell structure

F  none of the above is correct

A  sunlight

B  carbon dioxide

C  oxygen

D  air

E  dust

A  the flask had a glass barrier that prevented contamination.

B  the flask allowed fresh air to directly contact the medium

C  the experimenter could look for contamination without disturbing the experiment.

D  the flask could be heated media in order to prevent microbial growth.

A  commensalism

B  mutualism

C  parasitism

D  pathogenicity

A  pathogens cannot enter by alternate routes.

B  a more severe disease will result.

C  a different disease of the same severity will result.

D  a milder disease will result.

A  pandemic

B  endemic

C  sporadic

D  epidemic

A  pandemic.

B  endemic.

C  epidemic.

D  sporadic.

A  their outer shell is full of protons

B  their outer shell is full of electrons

C  their outer shell is full of atoms

D  their outer shell is full of neutrons

A  vector-borne infections

B  nosocomial infections

C  community infections

D  social infections

A  lethal point

B  penetration point

C  infectious point

D  portal of entry

A  reactive electrons

B  valence electrons

C  octet electrons

D  inert electrons

A  the number of protons in the outer valance shell

B  the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

C  the number of protons in the outer valance shell and the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

D  the number of electrons in the outer valence shell

E  none of the above

A  the organism must be isolated in all cases of disease

B  the microorganism must be isolated in pure culture

C  the isolated organism must be inoculated in a human and cause disease

D  the organism must be isolated in pure culture from the lab animal

A  a place for the microbe to live before and after infection.

B  the animal or object that transmits the infectious disease to humans

C  a place the microbe resides during an infection.

D  an infected host organism

A  ignorance almost always makes them worse

B  they only affect poor, less affluent countries

C  they usually end with very minimal loss of human life

D  social isolation never makes them go away

A  convalescence

B  more than one of the above is correct

C  decline

D  illness

E  prodromal

F  incubation

A  they always are transmitted from the same vector

B  they often involve several animals before they transmit to humans

C  they can be detected before they outbreak into pandemics

D  when humans are the final spill over recipient, the virulence increases

A  source

B  vector

C  hot zone

D  reservoir

A  illness, convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, decline

B  convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline

C  incubation, convalescence, prodromal period, illness, decline

D  incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence

E  prodromal period, convalescence, incubation, illness, decline

A  incidence

B  mortality

C  morbidity

D  prevalence

A  threshold immunity

B  herd immunity

C  resistance effect

D  vicarious immunity

A  animals.

B  individuals

C  continents.

D  states.

E  insects.

A  ionic bond.

B  polar-covalent bond.

C  non-polar covalent bond

D  hydrogen bond.

A  transmitting infectious water droplets through sneezing

B  transmitting infectious water droplets through the rain

C  transmitting infectious water droplets through sweating

D  transmitting infectious water droplets through laughing

E  more than one of the above is correct

F  none of the above is correct

A  refers to the proportion of living cases among those that have the disease

B  refers to the proportion of fatal cases among those that have the disease

C  is exactly the same for every infectious outbreak in recent history

D  refers to the number of people an infected person will infect with the virus

A  an infection the spreads in a hospital

B  an infection that spreads between two humans

C  an infection whose spread cannot be controlled

D  an infection that spreads from an animal to a human

A  respiratory membrane

B  parenteral route.

C  nosocomial route

D  prodromal route

E  none of the above

A  all microorganisms the human body

B  all microorganisms in a certain geographic region

C  all of the microorganisms involved in symbiotic relationships

D  all microorganisms of the same species

A  the number of microorganisms infecting the host, the virulence of the organism and the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

B  the number of microorganisms infecting the host

C  the virulence of the organism

D  the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

E  none of the above are correct

A  death rate

B  more than one of the above is correct

C  number of prevalence

D  infection rate

E  number of incidences

F  none of the above is correct

A  common source

B  partial

C  nosocomial

D  opportunistic

A  a parasite that kills its host

B  a microbe that causes disease in humans

C  a virus that does nothing to humans

D  a parasite that infects dogs

A  Needham did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

B  Spallanzani covered his flasks with gauze before boiling

C  Needham covered his flasks with gauze after boiling the media

D  Spallanzani did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

A  the digestive tract

B  the respiratory tract

C  the placenta

D  the urinary tract

E  the eyes and skin

A  location

B  temperature

C  time

D  size

A  energy and matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

B  energy is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

C  matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

D  neither energy and matter can be created and destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

A  appearance of clinical symptoms and death

B  time of infection and recovery

C  the initial infection and appearance of clinical symptoms

D  the time of infection and death

A  isolate microorganisms from diseased animals.

B  develop vaccines for specific diseases.

C  clearly identify and characterize a particular microorganism.

D  demonstrate that a disease is caused by a specific microorganism.

A  genetic profile, human behavior and environmental conditions

B  genetic profile

C  environmental conditions

D  human behavior and genetic profile

A  its virulence is low

B  it is highly virulent

C  it is a sporadic infection

D  it is not human pathogen

E  none of the above are correct

A  bacteria

B  cells

C  disease

D  air

A  stomach acid decreases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae.

B  stomach acid increases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae

C  stomach acid is not an important factor in determining virulence.

D  pH has no effect on virulence.

A  mitochondrial

B  Gram stains

C  DNA

D  appearance

E  fats

A  a flask that was sealed and turned upside down

B  a flask with a gauze covering

C  a Swan necked flask

D  a flask that was open for one week and sealed for another week

A  nonliving matter gives rise to living organisms

B  oxygen is necessary for living organisms

C  Microorganisms can be generated for nonliving matter

D  living cells can only arise from preexisting living cells

A  2, 8, 18, 2

B  2, 8, 18

C  2, 8, 18, 8, 2

D  2, 8, 18, 8, 5

A  1000 times more acidic

B  100 times more acidic

C  3 times more acidic

D  30 times more acidic

E  10 times more acidic

A  door handles

B  more than one of the above is correct

C  towels

D  human hands

E  needles

A  1.5

B  7.5

C  8

D  7

E  14

A  pathogens.

B  commensals.

C  parasites.

D  mutualistic.