Lecture Exam 1 (A)

A  increase the pH so that the antibiotic does not work

B  more than one of the above is correct

C  change the antibiotic structure so that it cannot function

D  move to a new location where there is no antibiotic

E  change the microorganismâ s targeted cell structure

F  none of the above is correct

A  dust

B  sunlight

C  air

D  carbon dioxide

E  oxygen

A  the experimenter could look for contamination without disturbing the experiment.

B  the flask could be heated media in order to prevent microbial growth.

C  the flask allowed fresh air to directly contact the medium

D  the flask had a glass barrier that prevented contamination.

A  parasitism

B  pathogenicity

C  commensalism

D  mutualism

A  a different disease of the same severity will result.

B  a milder disease will result.

C  a more severe disease will result.

D  pathogens cannot enter by alternate routes.

A  pandemic

B  epidemic

C  endemic

D  sporadic

A  sporadic.

B  endemic.

C  epidemic.

D  pandemic.

A  their outer shell is full of neutrons

B  their outer shell is full of electrons

C  their outer shell is full of protons

D  their outer shell is full of atoms

A  community infections

B  social infections

C  vector-borne infections

D  nosocomial infections

A  lethal point

B  penetration point

C  infectious point

D  portal of entry

A  valence electrons

B  octet electrons

C  inert electrons

D  reactive electrons

A  the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

B  the number of protons in the outer valance shell

C  the number of electrons in the outer valence shell

D  the number of protons in the outer valance shell and the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

E  none of the above

A  the isolated organism must be inoculated in a human and cause disease

B  the organism must be isolated in pure culture from the lab animal

C  the microorganism must be isolated in pure culture

D  the organism must be isolated in all cases of disease

A  an infected host organism

B  a place the microbe resides during an infection.

C  the animal or object that transmits the infectious disease to humans

D  a place for the microbe to live before and after infection.

A  they usually end with very minimal loss of human life

B  social isolation never makes them go away

C  ignorance almost always makes them worse

D  they only affect poor, less affluent countries

A  more than one of the above is correct

B  prodromal

C  decline

D  illness

E  convalescence

F  incubation

A  when humans are the final spill over recipient, the virulence increases

B  they always are transmitted from the same vector

C  they can be detected before they outbreak into pandemics

D  they often involve several animals before they transmit to humans

A  vector

B  reservoir

C  hot zone

D  source

A  prodromal period, convalescence, incubation, illness, decline

B  convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline

C  incubation, convalescence, prodromal period, illness, decline

D  incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence

E  illness, convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, decline

A  mortality

B  morbidity

C  incidence

D  prevalence

A  vicarious immunity

B  resistance effect

C  herd immunity

D  threshold immunity

A  states.

B  continents.

C  animals.

D  individuals

E  insects.

A  hydrogen bond.

B  non-polar covalent bond

C  polar-covalent bond.

D  ionic bond.

A  transmitting infectious water droplets through laughing

B  transmitting infectious water droplets through sneezing

C  more than one of the above is correct

D  transmitting infectious water droplets through the rain

E  transmitting infectious water droplets through sweating

F  none of the above is correct

A  is exactly the same for every infectious outbreak in recent history

B  refers to the proportion of living cases among those that have the disease

C  refers to the number of people an infected person will infect with the virus

D  refers to the proportion of fatal cases among those that have the disease

A  an infection whose spread cannot be controlled

B  an infection that spreads between two humans

C  an infection that spreads from an animal to a human

D  an infection the spreads in a hospital

A  respiratory membrane

B  prodromal route

C  parenteral route.

D  nosocomial route

E  none of the above

A  all microorganisms of the same species

B  all microorganisms the human body

C  all of the microorganisms involved in symbiotic relationships

D  all microorganisms in a certain geographic region

A  the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

B  the number of microorganisms infecting the host, the virulence of the organism and the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

C  the virulence of the organism

D  the number of microorganisms infecting the host

E  none of the above are correct

A  infection rate

B  death rate

C  number of prevalence

D  number of incidences

E  more than one of the above is correct

F  none of the above is correct

A  partial

B  common source

C  opportunistic

D  nosocomial

A  a virus that does nothing to humans

B  a parasite that infects dogs

C  a parasite that kills its host

D  a microbe that causes disease in humans

A  Needham did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

B  Spallanzani covered his flasks with gauze before boiling

C  Needham covered his flasks with gauze after boiling the media

D  Spallanzani did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

A  the placenta

B  the digestive tract

C  the eyes and skin

D  the urinary tract

E  the respiratory tract

A  location

B  size

C  temperature

D  time

A  neither energy and matter can be created and destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

B  energy and matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

C  energy is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

D  matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

A  appearance of clinical symptoms and death

B  the initial infection and appearance of clinical symptoms

C  time of infection and recovery

D  the time of infection and death

A  isolate microorganisms from diseased animals.

B  demonstrate that a disease is caused by a specific microorganism.

C  develop vaccines for specific diseases.

D  clearly identify and characterize a particular microorganism.

A  environmental conditions

B  genetic profile, human behavior and environmental conditions

C  human behavior and genetic profile

D  genetic profile

A  it is not human pathogen

B  its virulence is low

C  it is a sporadic infection

D  it is highly virulent

E  none of the above are correct

A  cells

B  air

C  bacteria

D  disease

A  stomach acid decreases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae.

B  pH has no effect on virulence.

C  stomach acid increases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae

D  stomach acid is not an important factor in determining virulence.

A  mitochondrial

B  appearance

C  fats

D  Gram stains

E  DNA

A  a flask that was open for one week and sealed for another week

B  a Swan necked flask

C  a flask that was sealed and turned upside down

D  a flask with a gauze covering

A  oxygen is necessary for living organisms

B  living cells can only arise from preexisting living cells

C  Microorganisms can be generated for nonliving matter

D  nonliving matter gives rise to living organisms

A  2, 8, 18

B  2, 8, 18, 2

C  2, 8, 18, 8, 5

D  2, 8, 18, 8, 2

A  100 times more acidic

B  3 times more acidic

C  10 times more acidic

D  30 times more acidic

E  1000 times more acidic

A  human hands

B  door handles

C  more than one of the above is correct

D  towels

E  needles

A  7.5

B  1.5

C  8

D  7

E  14

A  mutualistic.

B  pathogens.

C  parasites.

D  commensals.