Lecture Exam 1

A  all of the microorganisms involved in symbiotic relationships

B  all microorganisms in a certain geographic region

C  all microorganisms of the same species

D  all microorganisms the human body

A  8

B  1.5

C  7

D  7.5

E  14

A  the time of infection and death

B  appearance of clinical symptoms and death

C  time of infection and recovery

D  the initial infection and appearance of clinical symptoms

A  a Swan necked flask

B  a flask that was sealed and turned upside down

C  a flask with a gauze covering

D  a flask that was open for one week and sealed for another week

A  a more severe disease will result.

B  a milder disease will result.

C  a different disease of the same severity will result.

D  pathogens cannot enter by alternate routes.

A  a parasite that kills its host

B  a parasite that infects dogs

C  a microbe that causes disease in humans

D  a virus that does nothing to humans

A  polar-covalent bond.

B  ionic bond.

C  hydrogen bond.

D  non-polar covalent bond

A  refers to the proportion of fatal cases among those that have the disease

B  refers to the number of people an infected person will infect with the virus

C  is exactly the same for every infectious outbreak in recent history

D  refers to the proportion of living cases among those that have the disease

A  resistance effect

B  vicarious immunity

C  herd immunity

D  threshold immunity

A  air

B  cells

C  disease

D  bacteria

A  pH has no effect on virulence.

B  stomach acid increases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae

C  stomach acid is not an important factor in determining virulence.

D  stomach acid decreases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae.

A  an infection whose spread cannot be controlled

B  an infection that spreads between two humans

C  an infection that spreads from an animal to a human

D  an infection the spreads in a hospital

A  individuals

B  insects.

C  states.

D  continents.

E  animals.

A  pathogenicity

B  commensalism

C  parasitism

D  mutualism

A  DNA

B  fats

C  mitochondrial

D  appearance

E  Gram stains

A  nosocomial infections

B  social infections

C  community infections

D  vector-borne infections

A  incubation, convalescence, prodromal period, illness, decline

B  incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence

C  convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline

D  prodromal period, convalescence, incubation, illness, decline

E  illness, convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, decline

A  illness

B  incubation

C  more than one of the above is correct

D  prodromal

E  decline

F  convalescence

A  vector

B  hot zone

C  source

D  reservoir

A  portal of entry

B  penetration point

C  infectious point

D  lethal point

A  100 times more acidic

B  3 times more acidic

C  1000 times more acidic

D  10 times more acidic

E  30 times more acidic

A  the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

B  the virulence of the organism

C  the number of microorganisms infecting the host, the virulence of the organism, and the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

D  the number of microorganisms infecting the host

E  none of the above are correct

A  sunlight

B  carbon dioxide

C  air

D  oxygen

E  dust

A  towels

B  human hands

C  more than one of the above is correct

D  door handles

E  needles

F  none of the above is correct

A  change the microorganismâ s targeted cell structure

B  more than one of the above is correct

C  increase the pH so that the antibiotic does not work

D  move to a new location where there is no antibiotic

E  change the antibiotic structure so that it cannot function

F  none of the above is correct

A  matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

B  neither energy and matter can be created and destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

C  energy and matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

D  energy is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

A  their outer shell is full of electrons

B  their outer shell is full of atoms

C  their outer shell is full of neutrons

D  their outer shell is full of protons

A  genetic profile, human behavior, and environmental conditions

B  human behavior

C  environmental conditions

D  genetic profile

A  the placenta

B  the digestive tract

C  the eyes and skin

D  the urinary tract

E  the respiratory tract

A  the organism must be isolated in pure culture from the lab animal

B  the microorganism must be isolated in pure culture

C  the organism must be isolated in all cases of disease

D  the isolated organism must be inoculated in a human and cause disease

A  it is not human pathogen

B  it is a sporadic infection

C  it is highly virulent

D  its virulence is low

E  none of the above are correct

A  pandemic

B  epidemic

C  sporadic

D  endemic

A  mortality

B  prevalence

C  morbidity

D  incidence

A  2, 8, 18, 2

B  2, 8, 18, 8, 2

C  2, 8, 18, 8, 5

D  2, 8, 18

A  ignorance almost always makes them worse

B  they usually end with very minimal loss of human life

C  they only affect poor, less affluent countries

D  social isolation never makes them go away

A  commensals.

B  parasites.

C  mutualistic.

D  pathogens.

A  Spallanzani did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

B  Needham did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

C  Needham covered his flasks with gauze after boiling the media

D  Spallanzani covered his flasks with gauze before boiling

A  the experimenter could look for contamination without disturbing theexperiment.

B  the flask had a glass barrier that prevented contamination.

C  the flask could be heated media in order to prevent microbial growth.

D  the flask allowed fresh air to directly contact the medium

A  the animal or object that transmits the infectious disease to humans

B  a place for the microbe to live before and after infection.

C  a place the microbe resides during an infection.

D  an infected host organism

A  demonstrate that a disease is caused by a specific microorganism.

B  clearly identify and characterize a particular microorganism.

C  isolate microorganisms from diseased animals.

D  develop vaccines for specific diseases.

A  valence electrons

B  inert electrons

C  reactive electrons

D  octet electrons

A  more than one of the above is correct

B  transmitting infectious water droplets through sneezing

C  transmitting infectious water droplets through the rain

D  transmitting infectious water droplets through sweating

E  transmitting infectious water droplets through laughing

F  none of the above is correct

A  nosocomial

B  partial

C  opportunistic

D  common source

A  the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

B  the number of protons in the outer valance shell

C  both A & B are correct

D  the number of electrons in the outer valence shell

E  none of the above

A  nosocomial route

B  prodromal route

C  parenteral route.

D  respiratory membrane

E  none of the above

A  more than one of the above is correct

B  death rate

C  number of incidences

D  infection rate

E  number of prevalence

F  none of the above is correct

A  oxygen is necessary for living organisms

B  Microorganisms can be generated for nonliving matter

C  living cells can only arise from preexisting living cells

D  nonliving matter gives rise to living organisms

A  endemic.

B  sporadic.

C  pandemic.

D  epidemic.

A  size

B  time

C  location

D  temperature

A  they always are transmitted from the same vector

B  they often involve several animals before they transmit to humans

C  when humans are the final spill over recipient, the virulence increases

D  they can be detected before they outbreak into pandemics