Lecture Exam 1

A  all microorganisms in a certain geographic region

B  all microorganisms of the same species

C  all microorganisms the human body

D  all of the microorganisms involved in symbiotic relationships

A  14

B  7.5

C  1.5

D  8

E  7

A  time of infection and recovery

B  appearance of clinical symptoms and death

C  the time of infection and death

D  the initial infection and appearance of clinical symptoms

A  a Swan necked flask

B  a flask with a gauze covering

C  a flask that was sealed and turned upside down

D  a flask that was open for one week and sealed for another week

A  a different disease of the same severity will result.

B  pathogens cannot enter by alternate routes.

C  a more severe disease will result.

D  a milder disease will result.

A  a virus that does nothing to humans

B  a parasite that infects dogs

C  a parasite that kills its host

D  a microbe that causes disease in humans

A  hydrogen bond.

B  polar-covalent bond.

C  ionic bond.

D  non-polar covalent bond

A  refers to the proportion of fatal cases among those that have the disease

B  is exactly the same for every infectious outbreak in recent history

C  refers to the proportion of living cases among those that have the disease

D  refers to the number of people an infected person will infect with the virus

A  herd immunity

B  resistance effect

C  vicarious immunity

D  threshold immunity

A  air

B  bacteria

C  disease

D  cells

A  stomach acid decreases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae.

B  stomach acid is not an important factor in determining virulence.

C  pH has no effect on virulence.

D  stomach acid increases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae

A  an infection that spreads from an animal to a human

B  an infection the spreads in a hospital

C  an infection whose spread cannot be controlled

D  an infection that spreads between two humans

A  animals.

B  individuals

C  continents.

D  states.

E  insects.

A  pathogenicity

B  mutualism

C  commensalism

D  parasitism

A  DNA

B  fats

C  appearance

D  mitochondrial

E  Gram stains

A  nosocomial infections

B  vector-borne infections

C  community infections

D  social infections

A  illness, convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, decline

B  prodromal period, convalescence, incubation, illness, decline

C  convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline

D  incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence

E  incubation, convalescence, prodromal period, illness, decline

A  prodromal

B  decline

C  incubation

D  illness

E  convalescence

F  more than one of the above is correct

A  vector

B  hot zone

C  source

D  reservoir

A  penetration point

B  portal of entry

C  infectious point

D  lethal point

A  30 times more acidic

B  1000 times more acidic

C  100 times more acidic

D  10 times more acidic

E  3 times more acidic

A  the virulence of the organism

B  the number of microorganisms infecting the host

C  the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

D  the number of microorganisms infecting the host, the virulence of the organism, and the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

E  none of the above are correct

A  air

B  carbon dioxide

C  dust

D  oxygen

E  sunlight

A  needles

B  more than one of the above is correct

C  towels

D  human hands

E  door handles

F  none of the above is correct

A  more than one of the above is correct

B  increase the pH so that the antibiotic does not work

C  change the microorganismâ s targeted cell structure

D  change the antibiotic structure so that it cannot function

E  move to a new location where there is no antibiotic

F  none of the above is correct

A  energy is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

B  matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

C  energy and matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

D  neither energy and matter can be created and destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

A  their outer shell is full of electrons

B  their outer shell is full of neutrons

C  their outer shell is full of atoms

D  their outer shell is full of protons

A  genetic profile, human behavior, and environmental conditions

B  environmental conditions

C  human behavior

D  genetic profile

A  the placenta

B  the eyes and skin

C  the digestive tract

D  the respiratory tract

E  the urinary tract

A  the organism must be isolated in pure culture from the lab animal

B  the isolated organism must be inoculated in a human and cause disease

C  the microorganism must be isolated in pure culture

D  the organism must be isolated in all cases of disease

A  it is a sporadic infection

B  it is not human pathogen

C  its virulence is low

D  it is highly virulent

E  none of the above are correct

A  endemic

B  sporadic

C  pandemic

D  epidemic

A  morbidity

B  incidence

C  prevalence

D  mortality

A  2, 8, 18, 8, 5

B  2, 8, 18

C  2, 8, 18, 2

D  2, 8, 18, 8, 2

A  they only affect poor, less affluent countries

B  they usually end with very minimal loss of human life

C  social isolation never makes them go away

D  ignorance almost always makes them worse

A  commensals.

B  mutualistic.

C  pathogens.

D  parasites.

A  Spallanzani covered his flasks with gauze before boiling

B  Needham covered his flasks with gauze after boiling the media

C  Needham did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

D  Spallanzani did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

A  the flask could be heated media in order to prevent microbial growth.

B  the experimenter could look for contamination without disturbing theexperiment.

C  the flask allowed fresh air to directly contact the medium

D  the flask had a glass barrier that prevented contamination.

A  the animal or object that transmits the infectious disease to humans

B  an infected host organism

C  a place for the microbe to live before and after infection.

D  a place the microbe resides during an infection.

A  develop vaccines for specific diseases.

B  isolate microorganisms from diseased animals.

C  clearly identify and characterize a particular microorganism.

D  demonstrate that a disease is caused by a specific microorganism.

A  valence electrons

B  octet electrons

C  reactive electrons

D  inert electrons

A  transmitting infectious water droplets through sweating

B  transmitting infectious water droplets through the rain

C  transmitting infectious water droplets through laughing

D  more than one of the above is correct

E  transmitting infectious water droplets through sneezing

F  none of the above is correct

A  partial

B  nosocomial

C  opportunistic

D  common source

A  the number of protons in the outer valance shell

B  both A & B are correct

C  the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

D  the number of electrons in the outer valence shell

E  none of the above

A  nosocomial route

B  parenteral route.

C  respiratory membrane

D  prodromal route

E  none of the above

A  infection rate

B  death rate

C  more than one of the above is correct

D  number of incidences

E  number of prevalence

F  none of the above is correct

A  nonliving matter gives rise to living organisms

B  living cells can only arise from preexisting living cells

C  oxygen is necessary for living organisms

D  Microorganisms can be generated for nonliving matter

A  endemic.

B  pandemic.

C  sporadic.

D  epidemic.

A  temperature

B  size

C  time

D  location

A  they always are transmitted from the same vector

B  they can be detected before they outbreak into pandemics

C  they often involve several animals before they transmit to humans

D  when humans are the final spill over recipient, the virulence increases