Lecture Exam 1

A  all microorganisms of the same species

B  all microorganisms in a certain geographic region

C  all of the microorganisms involved in symbiotic relationships

D  all microorganisms the human body

A  8

B  7.5

C  14

D  7

E  1.5

A  the initial infection and appearance of clinical symptoms

B  the time of infection and death

C  time of infection and recovery

D  appearance of clinical symptoms and death

A  a Swan necked flask

B  a flask that was open for one week and sealed for another week

C  a flask with a gauze covering

D  a flask that was sealed and turned upside down

A  a milder disease will result.

B  a more severe disease will result.

C  a different disease of the same severity will result.

D  pathogens cannot enter by alternate routes.

A  a virus that does nothing to humans

B  a microbe that causes disease in humans

C  a parasite that kills its host

D  a parasite that infects dogs

A  polar-covalent bond.

B  non-polar covalent bond

C  hydrogen bond.

D  ionic bond.

A  refers to the proportion of fatal cases among those that have the disease

B  refers to the number of people an infected person will infect with the virus

C  refers to the proportion of living cases among those that have the disease

D  is exactly the same for every infectious outbreak in recent history

A  vicarious immunity

B  resistance effect

C  herd immunity

D  threshold immunity

A  air

B  disease

C  cells

D  bacteria

A  pH has no effect on virulence.

B  stomach acid decreases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae.

C  stomach acid is not an important factor in determining virulence.

D  stomach acid increases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae

A  an infection that spreads from an animal to a human

B  an infection the spreads in a hospital

C  an infection whose spread cannot be controlled

D  an infection that spreads between two humans

A  insects.

B  states.

C  continents.

D  individuals

E  animals.

A  pathogenicity

B  mutualism

C  commensalism

D  parasitism

A  appearance

B  DNA

C  Gram stains

D  mitochondrial

E  fats

A  social infections

B  vector-borne infections

C  community infections

D  nosocomial infections

A  incubation, convalescence, prodromal period, illness, decline

B  convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline

C  incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence

D  illness, convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, decline

E  prodromal period, convalescence, incubation, illness, decline

A  more than one of the above is correct

B  prodromal

C  illness

D  incubation

E  decline

F  convalescence

A  vector

B  reservoir

C  hot zone

D  source

A  lethal point

B  infectious point

C  penetration point

D  portal of entry

A  30 times more acidic

B  100 times more acidic

C  3 times more acidic

D  1000 times more acidic

E  10 times more acidic

A  the virulence of the organism

B  the number of microorganisms infecting the host

C  the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

D  the number of microorganisms infecting the host, the virulence of the organism, and the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

E  none of the above are correct

A  air

B  dust

C  sunlight

D  oxygen

E  carbon dioxide

A  door handles

B  towels

C  more than one of the above is correct

D  needles

E  human hands

F  none of the above is correct

A  increase the pH so that the antibiotic does not work

B  change the antibiotic structure so that it cannot function

C  more than one of the above is correct

D  move to a new location where there is no antibiotic

E  change the microorganismâ s targeted cell structure

F  none of the above is correct

A  neither energy and matter can be created and destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

B  matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

C  energy is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

D  energy and matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

A  their outer shell is full of protons

B  their outer shell is full of neutrons

C  their outer shell is full of electrons

D  their outer shell is full of atoms

A  human behavior

B  genetic profile

C  environmental conditions

D  genetic profile, human behavior, and environmental conditions

A  the respiratory tract

B  the digestive tract

C  the placenta

D  the eyes and skin

E  the urinary tract

A  the organism must be isolated in pure culture from the lab animal

B  the microorganism must be isolated in pure culture

C  the isolated organism must be inoculated in a human and cause disease

D  the organism must be isolated in all cases of disease

A  it is a sporadic infection

B  it is highly virulent

C  it is not human pathogen

D  its virulence is low

E  none of the above are correct

A  epidemic

B  pandemic

C  endemic

D  sporadic

A  morbidity

B  incidence

C  mortality

D  prevalence

A  2, 8, 18, 8, 5

B  2, 8, 18

C  2, 8, 18, 2

D  2, 8, 18, 8, 2

A  ignorance almost always makes them worse

B  social isolation never makes them go away

C  they usually end with very minimal loss of human life

D  they only affect poor, less affluent countries

A  pathogens.

B  parasites.

C  commensals.

D  mutualistic.

A  Needham did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

B  Needham covered his flasks with gauze after boiling the media

C  Spallanzani did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

D  Spallanzani covered his flasks with gauze before boiling

A  the flask allowed fresh air to directly contact the medium

B  the flask could be heated media in order to prevent microbial growth.

C  the flask had a glass barrier that prevented contamination.

D  the experimenter could look for contamination without disturbing theexperiment.

A  a place the microbe resides during an infection.

B  a place for the microbe to live before and after infection.

C  an infected host organism

D  the animal or object that transmits the infectious disease to humans

A  develop vaccines for specific diseases.

B  clearly identify and characterize a particular microorganism.

C  isolate microorganisms from diseased animals.

D  demonstrate that a disease is caused by a specific microorganism.

A  valence electrons

B  reactive electrons

C  octet electrons

D  inert electrons

A  transmitting infectious water droplets through laughing

B  transmitting infectious water droplets through sneezing

C  more than one of the above is correct

D  transmitting infectious water droplets through sweating

E  transmitting infectious water droplets through the rain

F  none of the above is correct

A  opportunistic

B  common source

C  partial

D  nosocomial

A  the number of protons in the outer valance shell

B  the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

C  both A & B are correct

D  the number of electrons in the outer valence shell

E  none of the above

A  nosocomial route

B  parenteral route.

C  respiratory membrane

D  prodromal route

E  none of the above

A  infection rate

B  more than one of the above is correct

C  death rate

D  number of prevalence

E  number of incidences

F  none of the above is correct

A  living cells can only arise from preexisting living cells

B  Microorganisms can be generated for nonliving matter

C  nonliving matter gives rise to living organisms

D  oxygen is necessary for living organisms

A  epidemic.

B  sporadic.

C  endemic.

D  pandemic.

A  location

B  size

C  temperature

D  time

A  they often involve several animals before they transmit to humans

B  when humans are the final spill over recipient, the virulence increases

C  they always are transmitted from the same vector

D  they can be detected before they outbreak into pandemics