Navigation » List of Schools » East Los Angeles College » Physiology » Physiology 001 – Introduction to Human Physiology » Summer 2021 » Exam 4 Chapter 13 and 14
Below are the questions for the exam with the choices of answers:
Question #1
A ΔP is increased.
B None of these, flow rate is unchanged during an asthma attack.
C R is decreased.
D ΔP is decreased.
E R is increased.
Question #2
A Water is actively reabsorbed from the proximal tubule, and Na+ follows down its diffusion gradient.
B Water is filtered out of glomerular capillaries by bulk flow.
C The permeability of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle is modified by vasopressin.
D Water is actively secreted into the descending loop of Henle.
E Vasopressin inserts pumps in the collecting duct membrane that move water against its concentration gradient.
Question #3
A Sodium
B Bicarbonate ion
C Glucose
D Urea
E Plasma protein
Question #4
A Alveolar PO2 decreases.
B Alveolar PO2 increases.
C No change from sea level, as long as we breathe in the same volume of air.
Question #5
A K+
B Glucose
C H+
D HPO42-
E Ca2+
Question #6
A “Anemic hypoxia” refers to the condition of lower than normal arterial PO2.
B Carbon monoxide poisoning is an example of ischemic hypoxia.
C Cyanide poisoning is an example of hypoxic hypoxia.
D Carbon monoxide poisoning is an example of hypoxic hypoxia.
E Exposure to high altitude is a form of hypoxic hypoxia.
Question #7
A Increased [H+], increased PCO2, and decreased [HCO3-]
B Decreased [H+], increased PCO2, and decreased [HCO3-]
C Increased [H+], decreased PCO2, and decreased [HCO3-]
D Increased [H+], increased PCO2, and increased [HCO3-]
E Decreased [H+], decreased PCO2, and decreased [HCO3-]
Question #8
A H+ that binds to filtered bicarbonate in the tubular fluid is excreted in the urine.
B Increased metabolism of glutamine by renal tubular cells increases the plasma bicarbonate concentration.
C When hypoventilation occurs at the lungs, the kidneys compensate by reducing glutamine metabolism.
D The kidneys compensate for a metabolic alkalosis by increasing CO2 production.
E Excretion in the urine of hydrogen bound to phosphate buffers decreases plasma bicarbonate concentration.
Question #9
A respiratory alkalosis.
B metabolic acidosis.
C metabolic alkalosis.
D respiratory acidosis.
Question #10
A In the tissues, chloride enters red blood cells in exchange for bicarbonate ions.
B In the tissues, chloride enters red blood cells in exchange for CO2.
C In the lungs, chloride enters red blood cells in exchange for bicarbonate ions.
D In the lungs, chloride enters red blood cells in exchange for CO2.
E In the tissues, chloride exits red blood cells in exchange for carbonic acid.
Question #11
A Increasing 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 formation and increasing secretion of parathyroid hormone
B By decreasing 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 formation, increasing tubular phosphate reabsorption, and increasing tubular Ca2+ reabsorption
C By increasing renal secretion of parathyroid hormone and increasing bone resorption
D By increasing 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 formation, increasing tubular phosphate reabsorption, and increasing tubular Ca2+ reabsorption
E By increasing 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 formation, decreasing tubular phosphate reabsorption, and increasing tubular Ca2+ reabsorption
Question #12
A None of these would occur.
B They would be more likely to have coughing fits.
C They would be at risk of autoimmune diseases with lung complications.
D They would be at risk of alveolar collapse due to too much surface tension in the alveoli.
E They would be at risk of bacterial infections in the lungs.
Question #13
A The glomerular capillaries
B The efferent arteriole
C The ascending limb of the loop of Henle
D The juxtaglomerular apparatus
E The proximal tubule
Question #14
A Inflammation of the bronchioles
B Lack of pulmonary surfactant
C Elevation of intrapleural pressure to equal atmospheric pressure
D Loss of alveoli
E Environmental chemicals that stimulate β2-adrenergic receptors
Question #15
A During a passive exhale, it increases to a value above atmospheric pressure.
B It is lower than alveolar pressure.
C It is between +5 and +10 mmHg above atmospheric pressure at functional residual capacity.
D It alternates between being less than, and greater than, atmospheric pressure.
E It is always the same as atmospheric pressure during a passive exhale.
Question #16
A Intrapleural pressure becomes less negative.
B The diaphragm relaxes.
C Lung volume decreases.
D
E Intrapleural pressure is greater than alveolar pressure.
F Alveolar pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.
Question #17
A Bound to hemoglobin
B Bound to myoglobin
C Converted to HCO3-
D Dissolved in the plasma
E Dissolved in the cytosol of erythrocytes
Question #18
A The hydrostatic pressure in Bowman’s space opposes filtration.
B All of the plasma that enters the glomerular capillaries is filtered.
C The glomerular filtration rate is limited by a transport maximum.
D The hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries opposes filtration.
E The osmotic force due to plasma proteins favors filtration.
Question #19
A Ascending loop of Henle
B Glomerulus
C Proximal convoluted tubule
D Distal convoluted tubule
E Collecting duct
Question #20
A The collecting ducts
B The proximal tubule
C The descending limb of the loop of Henle
D The ascending limb of the loop of Henle
E The distal convoluted tubule
Question #21
A isosmotic; hyperosmotic; hyperosmotic; isosmotic
B isosmotic; isosmotic; hyperosmotic; isosmotic
C isosmotic; isosmotic; hypoosmotic; hypoosmotic
D isosmotic; isosmotic; hypoosmotic; hyperosmotic
E isosmotic; isosmotic; hyperosmotic; hypoosmotic
Question #22
A increase; increased; renin; increased; Na+
B decrease; decreased; vasopressin; increased; water
C decrease; increased; renin; decreased; Na+
D increase; decreased; vasopressin; decreased; water
E decrease; increased; vasopressin; increased; water
Question #23
A Collecting ducts
B Afferent arterioles
C Vasa recta
D Efferent arterioles
E Cortical peritubular capillaries
Question #24
A The atria of the heart
B Systemic and pulmonary blood vessels
C Adrenal glands
D Kidneys
E Liver
Question #25
A Emphysema
B Prolonged shallow breathing
C Respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn
D Cystic fibrosis
E Asthma
Question #26
A Reduced reabsorption of both water and Na+ in equal proportions
B Reduced reabsorption of water, although as much reabsorption of Na+ as is typical
C Reduced reabsorption of water, Na+, and glucose in the proximal tubules
D No change to reabsorption at this site
E Reduced reabsorption of all materials in the proximal tubules
Question #27
A Increased temperature of the blood
B Decreased DPG levels in erythrocytes
C Increased pH of the blood
D The presence of carbon monoxide
E Decreased concentration of H+ in the blood
Question #28
A The rate of tubular secretion of glucose becomes greater than the sum of glucose filtration and reabsorption.
B Without insulin, the glomerular filtration barrier becomes extremely leaky to glucose, which is not normally filterable.
C Without the hormone insulin, glucose cannot enter proximal tubule epithelial cells.
D The plasma concentration of glucose becomes so high that it diffuses from peritubular capillaries into the proximal tubule, down its concentration gradient.
E The filtered load of glucose becomes greater than the tubular maximum for its reabsorption.
Question #29
A Secretion of angiotensin II by the kidney
B Conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I in the blood
C Conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II in the blood
D Secretion of angiotensinogen by the liver
E Secretion of ACTH by the anterior pituitary
Question #30
A Make up the majority of the epithelial wall of the alveoli
B Phagocytizing bacteria and other foreign particles
C Production of surfactant
D Lining the pleural space
E Secretion of mucus
Question #31
A Respiratory alkalosis
B Increased blood PCO2
C Metabolic acidosis
D Metabolic alkalosis
E Respiratory acidosis
Question #32
A The hemoglobin molecules may denature as they pass by the gastrocnemius.
B The hemoglobin molecules will have the same affinity for oxygen at both locations.
C The hemoglobin molecules will have a higher affinity for oxygen as they pass by the biceps brachii compared to the gastrocnemius.
D The hemoglobin molecules will have a higher affinity for oxygen as they pass by the gastrocnemius compared to the biceps brachii.
Question #33
A Bound to hemoglobin
B As dissolved CO2
C As dissolved HCO3-
D As carbonic anhydrase
E As H2CO3
Question #34
A A drug that interferes with aldosterone synthesis
B A drug that enhances the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme
C A drug that decreases sympathetic stimulation of renal arterioles
D A drug that is an agonist of atrial natriuretic factor
E A drug that decreases liver production of angiotensinogen
Question #35
A A collapsed lung
B Emphysema
C Exhalation/expiration
D Pneumothorax
E Inhalation/inspiration
Question #36
A It is a peptide hormone released from the adrenal gland.
B It promotes the excretion of more water in the urine.
C It stimulates the excretion of K+ in the urine.
D Its main function is to trigger the secretion of aldosterone.
E It triggers insertion of aquaporins into the apical membranes of collecting duct cells.
Question #37
A Macula densa
B Cortical collecting duct
C Descending limb of the loop of Henle
D Distal convoluted tubule
E Proximal tubule
Question #38
A Aldosterone increases Na+ secretion and K+ reabsorption in the cortical collecting ducts.
B Aldosterone increases Na+ secretion and K+ reabsorption in the proximal tubule.
C Aldosterone increases Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion in the cortical collecting ducts.
D Aldosterone increases Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion in the proximal tubule.
E Aldosterone decreases Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion in the cortical collecting ducts.
Question #39
A As PO2 increases, the saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen increases linearly.
B More additional oxygen binds to hemoglobin when going from a PO2 of 60 to 100 mmHg, than is added when going from a PO2 of 40 to 60 mmHg.
C At normal resting systemic venous PO2, only about 75% of the hemoglobin is in the form of deoxyhemoglobin.
D At normal resting systemic arterial PO2, hemoglobin is almost 100% saturated with oxygen.
E The greater the PO2 of the blood, the greater the dissociation of O2 from hemoglobin.
Question #40
A efferent arterioles; glomerular capillaries
B renal vein; peritubular capillaries
C afferent arterioles; glomerular capillaries
D efferent arterioles; proximal convoluted tubules
E efferent arterioles; Bowman’s capsule
Question #41
A Na+
B HPO42-
C Glucose
D Water
E K+
Question #42
A A β2-adrenergic antagonist
B Histamine
C A β2-adrenergic agonist
D Pulmonary surfactant
E A muscarinic agonist
Question #43
A secreted; reabsorbed; filtered
B reabsorbed; secreted; filtered
C reabsorbed; filtered; secreted
D filtered; secreted; reabsorbed
E filtered; reabsorbed; secreted
Question #44
A By concentrating NaCl in the renal medullary interstitial fluid, it allows water to be reabsorbed from the collecting ducts when vasopressin is present.
B When anti-diuretic hormone is present, it stimulates the pumping of NaCl from the medullary interstitial fluid and water follows, concentrating the urine.
C It transports urea from the medullary interstitial fluid into the collecting duct, which directly increases the osmolarity of the urine.
D By pumping NaCl and urea into the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, it raises the solute load, which turns into a concentrated urine once water is extracted from the collecting duct.
E It transports NaCl from the medullary interstitial fluid into the collecting duct, which directly increases the osmolarity of the urine.
Question #45
A The distal convoluted tubule
B The loop of Henle
C The collecting duct
D The proximal convoluted tubule
E The glomerulus
Question #46
A the increase in plasma H+.
B the decrease in O2 available to the cells of the body.
C the autorhymthic cells in your diaphragm contracting.
D the increase in pH has made your blood dangerously alkaline.
Question #47
A The H+ concentration in the arterial blood, which is monitored by central chemoreceptors
B The PO2 of the arterial blood, which is monitored by peripheral chemoreceptors
C Stretch receptors in the lung
D The H+ concentration in the brain extracellular fluid, which is monitored by central chemoreceptors
E The PO2 of the arterial blood, which is monitored by central chemoreceptors
Question #48
A H2O and CO
B CO2 and O2
C H+ and HCO3-
D H2O and CO2
E H2O and O2
Question #49
A Reabsorption of glucose saturates at a maximum transport rate.
B Toxic substances are removed from the body by reabsorption from peritubular capillaries into the proximal tubule.
C Reabsorption of Na+ from the proximal tubule occurs as a result of water reabsorption.
D Reabsorption of Na+ only occurs from nephron regions that come after the descending limb of the loop of Henle.
E Urea reabsorption cannot occur at any point along the nephron.
Question #50
A Most of the Na+ transport occurs in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts.
B Na+ is actively transported across the luminal membrane of proximal tubule cells in exchange for K+, by Na+/K+ ATPase pumps.
C Na+ is actively transported in all segments of the tubule.
D Na+ is actively secreted into the nephron lumen by cells in the cortical collecting ducts.
E Primary active transport of Na+ allows for secondary active transport of glucose and H+ in the proximal tubule.