Lecture Exam 3

A  Increased venous return

B  Increased blood volume

C  Increased sympathetic stimulation

D  Increased parasympathetic stimulation

E  Increased activity of the skeletal muscle pump

A  Increase stroke volume

B  Decrease heart rate

C  Decrease stroke volume

D  Increase heart rate

E  Increase total peripheral resistance (TPR)

A  feeding the children foods with a high proportion of cellulose and other indigestible carbohydrates.

B  feeding the children foods with more lipid content.

C  avoiding foods that can lead to accumulation of toxins in feces.

D  avoiding milk, the children may be lactose intolerant.

E  making the children sit on the toilet until they defecate at least once a day.

A  The presence of fatty acids in the stomach stimulates the secretion of secretin, whichinhibits motility of the large intestine.

B  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates the secretion of CCK, which in turn stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes.

C  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates the secretion of gastrin, which in turn stimulates bile synthesis in the gallbladder.

D  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates emptying of the stomach.

E  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates the secretion of secretin, which in turn stimulates contraction of the gallbladder.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Histamine

B  Acetylcholine

C  Gastrin

D  CCK

E  Somatostatin

F  Histamine, Gastrin and Acetylcholine

A  It is produced in the exocrine pancreas, and catalyzes the degradation of chylomicrons into proteins and fats.

B  It is secreted by the endocrine pancreas.

C  It is mainly produced in the liver, and secreted into the small intestine.

D  It emulsifies lipids.

E  It catalyzes the breakdown of triglycerides into monoglycerides and free fatty acids.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Sucrose is the main form of carbohydrate that can be absorbed by active transport across the intestinal epithelium.

B  Lactose intolerance results from an insufficiency of the enzyme amylase.

C  Cellulose from plants is a polymer of glucose that can be easily digested and absorbed by the human GI tract.

D  Digestible polysaccharides are broken down into the monosaccharides glucose, galactose, and fructose, which can be absorbed.

E  Carbohydrate digestion begins in the stomach.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  mass movement.

B  distension.

C  peristalsis.

D  eccentric.

E  segmentation.

A  ferritin.

B  glycogen.

C  hemochromatosis.

D  transferrin.

E  myoglobin.

A  The upper esophageal sphincter relaxes.

B  Respiration is inhibited.

C  The pyloric sphincter relaxes.

D  The lower esophageal sphincter relaxes.

E  The glottis closes.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  a hypervariable region of immunoglobulin DNA.

B  the light immunoglobulin chain only.

C  the heavy immunoglobulin chain only.

D  gamma immunoglobulin only.

E  a specific antigen-binding site formed by heavy and light chains.

A  They may have genetic information in the form of RNA.

B  They require a host cell in order to reproduce themselves.

C  They may cause a host cell to become cancerous.

D  They consist of a nucleic acid surrounded by a carbohydrate shell.

E  They may reside in a host cell for years without killing it.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Immediate hypersensitivity

B  Delayed hypersensitivity

C  Immune-complex hypersensitivity

D  Cytotoxic hypersensitivity

A  memory cells.

B  cytokines.

C  T cells.

D  monocytes.

E  macrophages.

A  A fetus with type B blood may be at risk if its mother has type O blood.

B  An Rh-negative fetus may be at risk if its mother is Rh-positive.

C  The greatest risk to a fetus occurs when both mother and fetus are Rh-positive.

D  An Rh-positive fetus may be at risk if its mother is Rh-negative.

E  The risk to anRh-positive fetus of an Rh-negative mother is lessened if she haspreviously carried anRh-negative fetus.

A  Colony-stimulating factors

B  Type 1 interferons

C  Type 2 interferons

D  Antibodies

E  Interleukin 2

A  The primary lymphoid organs are the bone marrow and thymus.

B  The thymus secretes protein hormones, collectively called thymopoietins.

C  Once a lymphocyte reaches a secondary lymphoid organ, it remains there for its lifetime.

D  Large numbers of macrophages and lymphocytes are found in the lymph nodes and spleen.

E  The tonsils contain lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells that respond to microbes in food.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Respiratory acidosis

B  Increased blood P CO2

C  Respiratory alkalosis

D  Metabolic acidosis

E  Metabolic alkalosis

A  Higher than normal arterial pH

B  Iron-deficiency anemia

C  Breathing carbon monoxide

D  Lower than normal arterial PCO2

E  Breathing air with increased PCO2

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  As carbonic anhydrase

B  As dissolved HCO 3 –

C  AsH 2CO 3

D  As dissolved CO 2

E  Bound to hemoglobin

A  sympathetic; contraction; increase

B  sympathetic; relaxation; increase

C  parasympathetic; contraction; decrease

D  motor; contraction; decrease

E  motor; contraction; increase

A  Alveolar PO 2 increases.

B  Alveolar PO 2 decreases.

C  No change from sea level, as long as we breathe in the same volume of air.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Some backflow of blood into the aorta during ventricular diastole

B  Some backflow of blood into the left ventricle during ventricular diastole

C  Some backflow of blood into the aorta during ventricular ejection

D  Some backflow of blood into the left ventricle during ventricular ejection

E  Some backflow of blood into the left atrium during ventricular systole

A  Less fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the hydrostatic pressure.

B  More fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the osmotic pressure.

C  More fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the hydrostatic pressure.

D  Less fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the osmotic pressure.

A  Cholinergic antagonist

B  A drug that increases T-type Ca 2+ channel currents

C  A drug that increasesL-type Ca 2+ channel currents

D  Beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists

E  Alpha-adrenergic receptor agonists

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  the skeletal muscles

B  the brain.

C  the heart.

D  the abdominal organs.

E  the skin.

A  Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is secreted by endothelial cells.

B  It involves aggregation of soluble fibrin fragments into fibrin.

C  Plasminogen is an inactive precursor of the enzyme plasmin.

D  Blood clots are digested by plasmin.

E  Activation of the reactions that lead to blood clotting ultimately lead to blood clot dissolution.

A  Hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries

B  Heart rate

C  Mean arterial pressure

D  Total peripheral resistance

E  Cardiac output

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Dietary vitamin B12 deficiency

B  Kidney disease

C  Internal bleeding

D  Lung disease

E  Dietary iron deficiency

A  gap junctions.

B  valves.

C  interneurons.

D  coronary vessels.

E  desmosomes.