Lecture Exam 3

A  Increased venous return

B  Increased parasympathetic stimulation

C  Increased blood volume

D  Increased activity of the skeletal muscle pump

E  Increased sympathetic stimulation

A  Decrease stroke volume

B  Increase total peripheral resistance (TPR)

C  Decrease heart rate

D  Increase heart rate

E  Increase stroke volume

A  avoiding milk, the children may be lactose intolerant.

B  avoiding foods that can lead to accumulation of toxins in feces.

C  feeding the children foods with more lipid content.

D  feeding the children foods with a high proportion of cellulose and other indigestible carbohydrates.

E  making the children sit on the toilet until they defecate at least once a day.

A  The presence of fatty acids in the stomach stimulates the secretion of secretin, whichinhibits motility of the large intestine.

B  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates the secretion of CCK, which in turn stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes.

C  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates the secretion of secretin, which in turn stimulates contraction of the gallbladder.

D  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates emptying of the stomach.

E  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates the secretion of gastrin, which in turn stimulates bile synthesis in the gallbladder.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Gastrin

B  CCK

C  Acetylcholine

D  Histamine, Gastrin and Acetylcholine

E  Histamine

F  Somatostatin

A  It is produced in the exocrine pancreas, and catalyzes the degradation of chylomicrons into proteins and fats.

B  It catalyzes the breakdown of triglycerides into monoglycerides and free fatty acids.

C  It emulsifies lipids.

D  It is mainly produced in the liver, and secreted into the small intestine.

E  It is secreted by the endocrine pancreas.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Cellulose from plants is a polymer of glucose that can be easily digested and absorbed by the human GI tract.

B  Carbohydrate digestion begins in the stomach.

C  Digestible polysaccharides are broken down into the monosaccharides glucose, galactose, and fructose, which can be absorbed.

D  Lactose intolerance results from an insufficiency of the enzyme amylase.

E  Sucrose is the main form of carbohydrate that can be absorbed by active transport across the intestinal epithelium.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  eccentric.

B  segmentation.

C  mass movement.

D  distension.

E  peristalsis.

A  transferrin.

B  glycogen.

C  myoglobin.

D  ferritin.

E  hemochromatosis.

A  Respiration is inhibited.

B  The pyloric sphincter relaxes.

C  The glottis closes.

D  The upper esophageal sphincter relaxes.

E  The lower esophageal sphincter relaxes.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  a hypervariable region of immunoglobulin DNA.

B  the heavy immunoglobulin chain only.

C  the light immunoglobulin chain only.

D  a specific antigen-binding site formed by heavy and light chains.

E  gamma immunoglobulin only.

A  They require a host cell in order to reproduce themselves.

B  They may reside in a host cell for years without killing it.

C  They may cause a host cell to become cancerous.

D  They consist of a nucleic acid surrounded by a carbohydrate shell.

E  They may have genetic information in the form of RNA.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Cytotoxic hypersensitivity

B  Delayed hypersensitivity

C  Immediate hypersensitivity

D  Immune-complex hypersensitivity

A  macrophages.

B  memory cells.

C  monocytes.

D  T cells.

E  cytokines.

A  An Rh-negative fetus may be at risk if its mother is Rh-positive.

B  The risk to anRh-positive fetus of an Rh-negative mother is lessened if she haspreviously carried anRh-negative fetus.

C  A fetus with type B blood may be at risk if its mother has type O blood.

D  An Rh-positive fetus may be at risk if its mother is Rh-negative.

E  The greatest risk to a fetus occurs when both mother and fetus are Rh-positive.

A  Colony-stimulating factors

B  Interleukin 2

C  Antibodies

D  Type 1 interferons

E  Type 2 interferons

A  Large numbers of macrophages and lymphocytes are found in the lymph nodes and spleen.

B  The thymus secretes protein hormones, collectively called thymopoietins.

C  Once a lymphocyte reaches a secondary lymphoid organ, it remains there for its lifetime.

D  The tonsils contain lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells that respond to microbes in food.

E  The primary lymphoid organs are the bone marrow and thymus.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Increased blood P CO2

B  Metabolic acidosis

C  Respiratory acidosis

D  Metabolic alkalosis

E  Respiratory alkalosis

A  Breathing air with increased PCO2

B  Lower than normal arterial PCO2

C  Breathing carbon monoxide

D  Higher than normal arterial pH

E  Iron-deficiency anemia

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  As dissolved CO 2

B  AsH 2CO 3

C  Bound to hemoglobin

D  As dissolved HCO 3 –

E  As carbonic anhydrase

A  sympathetic; relaxation; increase

B  parasympathetic; contraction; decrease

C  motor; contraction; decrease

D  sympathetic; contraction; increase

E  motor; contraction; increase

A  Alveolar PO 2 decreases.

B  Alveolar PO 2 increases.

C  No change from sea level, as long as we breathe in the same volume of air.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Some backflow of blood into the aorta during ventricular ejection

B  Some backflow of blood into the left atrium during ventricular systole

C  Some backflow of blood into the aorta during ventricular diastole

D  Some backflow of blood into the left ventricle during ventricular diastole

E  Some backflow of blood into the left ventricle during ventricular ejection

A  More fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the osmotic pressure.

B  Less fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the hydrostatic pressure.

C  More fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the hydrostatic pressure.

D  Less fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the osmotic pressure.

A  Beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists

B  A drug that increasesL-type Ca 2+ channel currents

C  Alpha-adrenergic receptor agonists

D  Cholinergic antagonist

E  A drug that increases T-type Ca 2+ channel currents

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  the abdominal organs.

B  the skin.

C  the heart.

D  the skeletal muscles

E  the brain.

A  Blood clots are digested by plasmin.

B  It involves aggregation of soluble fibrin fragments into fibrin.

C  Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is secreted by endothelial cells.

D  Plasminogen is an inactive precursor of the enzyme plasmin.

E  Activation of the reactions that lead to blood clotting ultimately lead to blood clot dissolution.

A  Total peripheral resistance

B  Cardiac output

C  Mean arterial pressure

D  Hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries

E  Heart rate

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Dietary vitamin B12 deficiency

B  Lung disease

C  Kidney disease

D  Internal bleeding

E  Dietary iron deficiency

A  valves.

B  coronary vessels.

C  desmosomes.

D  gap junctions.

E  interneurons.