Exam 3A

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Question #1

Norman Vincent Peale (1982), a success motivation author, encouraged people to “Hold the image of yourself succeeding…Visualize it so vividly that when your desired outcome happens, it seems to be merely echoing a reality that has already existed in your mind.”

A False

B True

Question #2

While researchers do not all agree on the amount of gender differences, research does suggest that in comparison with men, women are more likely to express feelings of love and affection, are more likely to self-disclose and are more likely to have closer friendships and show stronger social support (especially emotional support).

A False

B True

Question #3

Forgiveness entails making a deliberate decision to stop feeling resentful about an act or situation or wishing to avenge a wrong done to you by a person or group. While this ability to forgive is laudable, research by McCullough et. al. (2009) on forgiveness suggests that forgiveness is not positively linked with physical health, psychological well-being, or favorable relationship outcomes.

A False

B True

Question #4

Passion, intimacy and commitment are the three components in Sternberg’s (1988) model of love and their various combinations create seven basic types of love relationships.

A False

B True

Question #5

Both philosophers and psychologists have claimed that empathy is the bedrock of human morality.

A True

B False

Question #6

According to Self-Regulation Theory by Carver & Scheier (1981) self-regulation consists of three components: standards, monitoring, and strength.

A False

B True

Question #7

Among the love types that Sternberg (1988) identifies and describes, psychologists have studied romantic and compassionate love the most extensively.

A True

B False

Question #8

Both men and women value trust, intimacy and self-disclosure with friends. However, according to Myers (2000a) early in life, females more than males give priority to relationships.

A True

B False

Question #9

The significance of the Marshmallow Test conducted by Walter Mischel, Ebbesen & Zeiss in 1972, became apparent with the longitudinal research by Goleman (1995) which found that children who gave in to temptation and impulsively ate the marshmallow immediately at age 4 were more confident, trustworthy and dependable as adolescents.

A False

B True

Question #10

Beverly Fehr (1996) summarizes the survey literature defining Friendship as a “voluntary, personal relationship, typically providing intimacy and assistance, in which the two parties like one another and seek each other’s company.”

A False

B True

Question #11

According to Drigotas (2002) model, just as Michaelangelo released the ideal form buried in a block of marble, romantic partners can foster each other’s realization of their ideal selves.

A True

B False

Question #12

Sonja Lyubomirsky (2007) conceptualized the factors that influence happiness as three pieces of a pie in what proportions?

A 60% genetic, 20% environment and 20% intentional actions.

B 1/3 biological, 1/3 psychological and 1/3 sociocultural.

C none of these.

D 50% genetic, 10% environment and 40% intentional actions.

Question #13

Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi (2003) has observed that a meaningful productive life involves which of the following processes?

A none of these.

B integration.

C integration and differentiation.

D differentiation.

Question #14

The Bolt/Dunn text notes that a wealth of research suggests that happiness [subjective-well being] is positively correlated with:

A wealth and power.

B spiritual practice.

C none of these.

D isolation.

Question #15

Which mate preference traits were “most important” for both sexes in a study of thirty-seven cultures conducted by David Buss (1989):

A mutual attraction-love, dependable character and emotional stability and maturity, pleasing disposition.

B mutual attraction-love, dependable character and chastity, similar religious background, similar political background.

C chastity, similar religious background, similar political background.

D none of the above

Question #16

In the Bolt/Dunn text Human Freedom involves which of these components:

A choice (deciding life’s direction).

B all of these.

C change (altering one’s typical behavior patterns).

D control (affecting life’s outcomes).

Question #17

Optimism is the tendency to look on the favorable side of things and in general:

A none of these.

B optimism is associated with diverse measures of good psychological health.

C optimism is linked with positive mood and higher morale and is associated with diverse measures of good psychological health.

D optimism is linked with positive mood and higher morale.

Question #18

According to Aristotle:

A the main driving force in humans is a will to power.

B there are only two things in life, to work and to love.

C we become compassionate by practicing compassion.

D none of these.

Question #19

Lopez & Snyder (2009); Csikszentmihalyi & Nakamura (2011); note that Positive Psychology:

A aims to understand human strengths to help people flourish and succeed.

B none of these.

C aims to understand a transactional analysis of our behavior.

D aims to understand the unconscious reenactments in our behavior.

Question #20

The seven habits of happy people according to pursuit-of-happiness.org include which of the following:

A all of these.

B relationships and acts of kindness.

C discovering strengths and weaknesses.

D exercise and physical well-being.

Question #21

Mother Teresa believed that when we have compassion, in reaching out to someone who is badly hurt:

A all of these.

B it keeps us from being preoccupied with ourselves.

C it enables us to live with more purpose and freedom.

D it makes us happier.

Question #22

Evolutionary psychologists Berscheid (2003) & Buss (2006) observe that social bonds:

A predict happiness and are the single most important factor in survival of our species.

B none of these.

C are the single most important factor in survival of our species.

D predict happiness.

Question #23

Samantha Heintzelman and Laura King (2014) observe that a meaningful life involves which of the themes below?

A a meaningful life is one with purpose.

B a meaningful life is one that matters or possesses some significance.

C all of these.

D a meaningful life is one that makes sense to the individual.

Question #24

Robert Sternberg and Catherine Whitney (1991) note that a successful relationship includes which of the following qualities:

A none of these.

B developing interests and activities that can be shared together and the willingness to grow and assume responsibility for life together.

C the willingness to grow and assume responsibility for life together.

D developing interests and activities that can be shared together.

Question #25

In their research with married couples, B.J. Bushman and colleagues (2014):

A used voodoo dolls with couples to express their anger.

B found that hunger has no effect on anger.

C found that the impossible whopper at Burger King had no effect on anger.

D none of these.

Question #26

Harker and Keltner’s (2001) longitudinal research on women’s smiles found that authentic [Duchenne] smiles were associated with:

A all of these.

B higher competence and more affiliation with others.

C higher satisfaction with their lives.

D lower levels of psychological and physical problems.

Question #27

In terms of Optimism and Physical Well Being:

A none of these.

B optimism has proven to be good medicine and research suggests that hopefulness extends life and hopelessness takes it.

C optimism has proven to be good medicine.

D research suggests that hopefulness extends life and hopelessness takes it.

Question #28

Beverly Fehr (1988) identified which characteristics associated with commitment:

A responsibility.

B living up to your word.

C perseverance.

D all of these.

Question #29

Successful managers in the workplace according to Lombardo et. al. (1988) have high levels of what psychologists call:

A emotional intelligence.

B all of these.

C arrogance.

D type “A” personality.

Question #30

Collins (2001) studied companies that increased their value eight times faster than the stock market and found that they all had:

A leaders that demanded success.

B leaders who blended personal humility with professional willpower and leaders who were compellingly modest and never boastful.

C leaders that demanded success and leaders who were compellingly modest and never boastful.

D none of these.

Question #31

According to the Bolt/Dunn text Martin Seligman (1999) is credited with:

A initiating and coalescing [bringing together] interest in positive psychology.

B establishing applied behavioral analysis.

C the founding psychoanalysis.

D all of these.

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