Chapter 1 Quiz

A  Participants over the same ages but in different years

B  The same group of participants repeatedly at different ages

C  Participants of the same age at the same point in time

D  Groups of participants differencing in age at the same point in time 

A  Group of participants repeatedly at different ages

B  Groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time 

C  Participants over the same ages but in different years

D  The same grow

A  Cross-sectional 

B  Sequential 

C  Correlational

D  Longitudinal 

A  Biased sampling 

B  Practice effects 

C  Cohort effects

D  Random assignment 

A  Correctional

B  Longitudinal 

C  Cross- sectional 

D   Sequential 

A  Longitudinal 

B  Experimental 

C  Correlational

D  Cross-sectional 

A  Participants are studied repeatedly, and changes are noted as they get older

B  Researchers study groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time

C  Researchers study participants of the same age at the same point in time

D  Researchers study participants over the same ages but in different years

A  Sequential

B  Random

C  Correlational

D  Systematic 

A  Dependent variable 

B  Control group

C  Correlation coefficient 

D  Independent variable 

A  Correlational 

B  Experimental

C  Observational 

D  Structural 

A  The death of a spouse causes a decline in the surviving partners health

B  The death of a spouse is related to a decline in the surviving partners health 

C  A decline in a surviving partners physical health can cause the death of a spouse

D  A third variable, such as memory loss, causes a surviving partners decline in physical heath

A  Age-related changes may be distorted 

B  Researchers randomly assign participants and manipulate their experiences 

C  Researchers cannot replicate the studies 

D  Investigators cannot infer cause and effect

A  Experimental 

B  Variable

C  Observational 

D  Correlational 

A  Correlational, experimental 

B  Variable, observational 

C  Observational, experimental

D  Observational, correlational 

A  More likely than their age mates to miss school due to illness

B  More likely than their age mates to commit delinquent and violent acts

C  More likely that their age mates to have early sex

D   The fastest growing sector of the U.S. youth population 

A  Structured interview

B  Clinical interview 

C  Clinical interview 

D  Naturalistic observation

A  Questions in a large group of participants

B  A different set of questions for each participant

C  The same set of questions in the same way to each research participant 

D  Only yes/no, multiple choice, and true/false questions

A  Does not reflect the way participants think in everyday life

B  Does not reveal depth of information

C  May not result in accurate reporting of information 

D  Only provides a small amount of information

A  Allows researchers to see the behavior of interest as it occurs in natural setting

B  Makes comparing individuals’ responses very easy 

C  Is directed toward understanding a culture or distinct social group 

D  Can provide a large amount of information in a fairly brief period

A  Structured observation

B  Naturalistic observation

C  Naturalistic observation

D  Self-report

A  it tells more about the participants’ reasoning and motivation than it does about their typical behavior 

B  It may not result in accurate reporting of information 

C  It does not reflect the way participants actually behave in everyday life

D  Not all participants have the same opportunity to display a particular behavior in everyday life

A  Permits participants to display their thoughts in terms that are so close as possible to the way they think in everyday life

B  Is useful for studying behaviors that investigators rarely have an opportunity to see in everyday life.

C  Allows researchers to see directly the behavior of interest as it occurs in everyday setting 

D  Yields richly detailed narratives that offer valuable insight into the many factors that affect development 

A  Uses a flexible, conversational style to probe for the participants point of view 

B  Sets up a laboratory situation that evokes the behavior of interest

C  Asks each participant the same set of questions in the same way

D  Goes into the field and records the behavior of interest 

A  Research designs 

B  Theories

C  Research methods

D  Hypothesis

A  Behaviorism 

B  Psychosocial

C  Psychosexual 

D  Cognitive- Developmental

A  the ease of empirically testing its ideas

B  Its use of a wide variety of research methods

C  its emphasis on understanding the individuals unique life history

D  the clarity of the concept of ego functioning

A  Minimized the role of culture in individual development 

B  Pointed out the normal development must be understood in relation to each culture’s life situation

C  Primarily focused on the importance of early life experiences

D  viewed children as taking a more active role in their own development 

A  Was eventually criticized because it underemphasized the influence of sexual feelings in development

B  Was the first to stress the influence of the early parent-child relationship on development

C  Applied in all cultures 

D  Ignored personality development

A  On the basis of interviews with institutionalized children and adolescents 

B  On the basis of his adult patients’ memories of painful childhood events 

C  By carefully observing his own children

D  By conducting studies of animal behavior 

A  Actively explore the environment

B  model the behavior of parents and other caregivers 

C  Confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations 

D  Acquire increasingly complex information-processing skills

A  Constructing the first successfully intelligence test

B   Launching the normative approach

C  Conduction child observations and parent interviews

D  Writing the first parenting books 

A  Psychometric

B  Genetic

C  Normative

D  Nonnormative

A  Regarded development as a maturational process

B  Constructed the first standardized intelligence test

C  Inspired Charles Darwin’s research 

D  Were the forefathers of psychoanalytic theory

A  G. Stanley Hall

B  Arnold Gesell

C  Charles Darwin

D  Benjamin Spock

A  Psychosocial theory

B  Psychoanalytic theory

C  Theory of evolution

D   Normative approach 

A  Do not follow a predictable timetable

B  Affect large numbers of people in a similar way

C  Are typical or average

D  Include age-graded and history-graded influences

A  Vocational success over family obligations

B  Marriage at an early age and a focus on family responsibilities 

C  Political aspirations, financial wealth and personal achievements

D  The search for personal meaning, self-expression, and social responsibility 

A  History-graded influences are normative

B  Age-graded influences become more powerful with age

C  Age-graded influences become more powerful with age

D  History- graded influences are fairly predictable as to when they occur

A  Ana, a child who has no strong bond with an adult

B  Jaynie, a shy, emotionally reactive child

C  Jack, a highly intelligent athlete

D  Ari, a temperamental artist

A  Assimilation 

B  Resilience 

C  Stamina

D  Plasticity 

A  Early childhood

B  Adolescence 

C  The parental period 

D  No single age range period

A  Static and stable

B  Largely the result of heredity

C  Continuous, rather than discontinuous 

D  Multidirectional and multidimensional

A  Mostly stable

B  Having substantial plasticity 

C  Driven by early life experiences

D  Mostly influenced by heredity

A  Nature

B  Stages

C  Stability 

D  Nurture

A  Stages

B  Nature

C  Nurture 

D  Early experiences

A  Nature-nurture 

B  Stability- Plasticity

C  Social-cognitive

D  Continous- discontinuous

A  Continuous 

B  Nurture

C  Discontinuous 

D  Nature

A  Findings are used for practical purposes to improve people’s lives 

B  It deals with answering questions about development throughout the lifespan

C  Investigators from a variety of fields collaborate on research projects

D  It is motivated largely by scientific curiosity 

A  Genetic factors that contribute to longevity

B  Those factors that influence consistencies and transformations in people from conception to death.

C  Genetic factors that contribute to longevity

D  Those factors that lead to abnormal development in children and adolescents