Chapter 1 Quiz

A  Participants over the same ages but in different years

B  Groups of participants differencing in age at the same point in time 

C  Participants of the same age at the same point in time

D  The same group of participants repeatedly at different ages

A  Participants over the same ages but in different years

B  The same grow

C  Group of participants repeatedly at different ages

D  Groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time 

A  Correlational

B  Sequential 

C  Cross-sectional 

D  Longitudinal 

A  Cohort effects

B  Random assignment 

C  Biased sampling 

D  Practice effects 

A  Longitudinal 

B  Correctional

C   Sequential 

D  Cross- sectional 

A  Cross-sectional 

B  Correlational

C  Experimental 

D  Longitudinal 

A  Researchers study participants over the same ages but in different years

B  Participants are studied repeatedly, and changes are noted as they get older

C  Researchers study participants of the same age at the same point in time

D  Researchers study groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time

A  Systematic 

B  Correlational

C  Random

D  Sequential

A  Control group

B  Correlation coefficient 

C  Independent variable 

D  Dependent variable 

A  Experimental

B  Observational 

C  Structural 

D  Correlational 

A  A third variable, such as memory loss, causes a surviving partners decline in physical heath

B  The death of a spouse causes a decline in the surviving partners health

C  A decline in a surviving partners physical health can cause the death of a spouse

D  The death of a spouse is related to a decline in the surviving partners health 

A  Age-related changes may be distorted 

B  Researchers randomly assign participants and manipulate their experiences 

C  Researchers cannot replicate the studies 

D  Investigators cannot infer cause and effect

A  Experimental 

B  Observational 

C  Variable

D  Correlational 

A  Correlational, experimental 

B  Observational, correlational 

C  Observational, experimental

D  Variable, observational 

A  More likely than their age mates to commit delinquent and violent acts

B  More likely than their age mates to miss school due to illness

C   The fastest growing sector of the U.S. youth population 

D  More likely that their age mates to have early sex

A  Naturalistic observation

B  Clinical interview 

C  Clinical interview 

D  Structured interview

A  A different set of questions for each participant

B  The same set of questions in the same way to each research participant 

C  Questions in a large group of participants

D  Only yes/no, multiple choice, and true/false questions

A  May not result in accurate reporting of information 

B  Only provides a small amount of information

C  Does not reveal depth of information

D  Does not reflect the way participants think in everyday life

A  Can provide a large amount of information in a fairly brief period

B  Allows researchers to see the behavior of interest as it occurs in natural setting

C  Makes comparing individuals’ responses very easy 

D  Is directed toward understanding a culture or distinct social group 

A  Structured observation

B  Self-report

C  Naturalistic observation

D  Naturalistic observation

A  Not all participants have the same opportunity to display a particular behavior in everyday life

B  It may not result in accurate reporting of information 

C  it tells more about the participants’ reasoning and motivation than it does about their typical behavior 

D  It does not reflect the way participants actually behave in everyday life

A  Is useful for studying behaviors that investigators rarely have an opportunity to see in everyday life.

B  Allows researchers to see directly the behavior of interest as it occurs in everyday setting 

C  Permits participants to display their thoughts in terms that are so close as possible to the way they think in everyday life

D  Yields richly detailed narratives that offer valuable insight into the many factors that affect development 

A  Goes into the field and records the behavior of interest 

B  Asks each participant the same set of questions in the same way

C  Uses a flexible, conversational style to probe for the participants point of view 

D  Sets up a laboratory situation that evokes the behavior of interest

A  Research methods

B  Hypothesis

C  Theories

D  Research designs 

A  Psychosocial

B  Psychosexual 

C  Behaviorism 

D  Cognitive- Developmental

A  its emphasis on understanding the individuals unique life history

B  the clarity of the concept of ego functioning

C  Its use of a wide variety of research methods

D  the ease of empirically testing its ideas

A  Pointed out the normal development must be understood in relation to each culture’s life situation

B  viewed children as taking a more active role in their own development 

C  Primarily focused on the importance of early life experiences

D  Minimized the role of culture in individual development 

A  Applied in all cultures 

B  Was the first to stress the influence of the early parent-child relationship on development

C  Was eventually criticized because it underemphasized the influence of sexual feelings in development

D  Ignored personality development

A  On the basis of interviews with institutionalized children and adolescents 

B  By carefully observing his own children

C  By conducting studies of animal behavior 

D  On the basis of his adult patients’ memories of painful childhood events 

A  model the behavior of parents and other caregivers 

B  Actively explore the environment

C  Acquire increasingly complex information-processing skills

D  Confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations 

A  Writing the first parenting books 

B  Conduction child observations and parent interviews

C  Constructing the first successfully intelligence test

D   Launching the normative approach

A  Normative

B  Psychometric

C  Nonnormative

D  Genetic

A  Regarded development as a maturational process

B  Were the forefathers of psychoanalytic theory

C  Inspired Charles Darwin’s research 

D  Constructed the first standardized intelligence test

A  Benjamin Spock

B  G. Stanley Hall

C  Charles Darwin

D  Arnold Gesell

A  Psychosocial theory

B  Theory of evolution

C  Psychoanalytic theory

D   Normative approach 

A  Include age-graded and history-graded influences

B  Are typical or average

C  Affect large numbers of people in a similar way

D  Do not follow a predictable timetable

A  Political aspirations, financial wealth and personal achievements

B  Vocational success over family obligations

C  Marriage at an early age and a focus on family responsibilities 

D  The search for personal meaning, self-expression, and social responsibility 

A  Age-graded influences become more powerful with age

B  History-graded influences are normative

C  History- graded influences are fairly predictable as to when they occur

D  Age-graded influences become more powerful with age

A  Ana, a child who has no strong bond with an adult

B  Jack, a highly intelligent athlete

C  Ari, a temperamental artist

D  Jaynie, a shy, emotionally reactive child

A  Stamina

B  Plasticity 

C  Resilience 

D  Assimilation 

A  Early childhood

B  The parental period 

C  Adolescence 

D  No single age range period

A  Static and stable

B  Multidirectional and multidimensional

C  Continuous, rather than discontinuous 

D  Largely the result of heredity

A  Mostly stable

B  Driven by early life experiences

C  Mostly influenced by heredity

D  Having substantial plasticity 

A  Stability 

B  Nature

C  Nurture

D  Stages

A  Nature

B  Early experiences

C  Nurture 

D  Stages

A  Stability- Plasticity

B  Nature-nurture 

C  Social-cognitive

D  Continous- discontinuous

A  Discontinuous 

B  Continuous 

C  Nurture

D  Nature

A  Investigators from a variety of fields collaborate on research projects

B  It is motivated largely by scientific curiosity 

C  Findings are used for practical purposes to improve people’s lives 

D  It deals with answering questions about development throughout the lifespan

A  Genetic factors that contribute to longevity

B  Genetic factors that contribute to longevity

C  Those factors that lead to abnormal development in children and adolescents 

D  Those factors that influence consistencies and transformations in people from conception to death.