Chapter 1 Quiz

A  Participants of the same age at the same point in time

B  Groups of participants differencing in age at the same point in time 

C  The same group of participants repeatedly at different ages

D  Participants over the same ages but in different years

A  Participants over the same ages but in different years

B  Groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time 

C  The same grow

D  Group of participants repeatedly at different ages

A  Correlational

B  Longitudinal 

C  Cross-sectional 

D  Sequential 

A  Biased sampling 

B  Practice effects 

C  Random assignment 

D  Cohort effects

A  Correctional

B   Sequential 

C  Longitudinal 

D  Cross- sectional 

A  Cross-sectional 

B  Longitudinal 

C  Correlational

D  Experimental 

A  Researchers study participants of the same age at the same point in time

B  Researchers study groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time

C  Researchers study participants over the same ages but in different years

D  Participants are studied repeatedly, and changes are noted as they get older

A  Systematic 

B  Sequential

C  Correlational

D  Random

A  Correlation coefficient 

B  Control group

C  Dependent variable 

D  Independent variable 

A  Correlational 

B  Structural 

C  Experimental

D  Observational 

A  A decline in a surviving partners physical health can cause the death of a spouse

B  A third variable, such as memory loss, causes a surviving partners decline in physical heath

C  The death of a spouse is related to a decline in the surviving partners health 

D  The death of a spouse causes a decline in the surviving partners health

A  Researchers randomly assign participants and manipulate their experiences 

B  Age-related changes may be distorted 

C  Investigators cannot infer cause and effect

D  Researchers cannot replicate the studies 

A  Variable

B  Observational 

C  Experimental 

D  Correlational 

A  Observational, correlational 

B  Correlational, experimental 

C  Variable, observational 

D  Observational, experimental

A  More likely than their age mates to commit delinquent and violent acts

B  More likely than their age mates to miss school due to illness

C   The fastest growing sector of the U.S. youth population 

D  More likely that their age mates to have early sex

A  Structured interview

B  Naturalistic observation

C  Clinical interview 

D  Clinical interview 

A  The same set of questions in the same way to each research participant 

B  A different set of questions for each participant

C  Questions in a large group of participants

D  Only yes/no, multiple choice, and true/false questions

A  May not result in accurate reporting of information 

B  Does not reveal depth of information

C  Does not reflect the way participants think in everyday life

D  Only provides a small amount of information

A  Allows researchers to see the behavior of interest as it occurs in natural setting

B  Can provide a large amount of information in a fairly brief period

C  Makes comparing individuals’ responses very easy 

D  Is directed toward understanding a culture or distinct social group 

A  Self-report

B  Naturalistic observation

C  Naturalistic observation

D  Structured observation

A  Not all participants have the same opportunity to display a particular behavior in everyday life

B  it tells more about the participants’ reasoning and motivation than it does about their typical behavior 

C  It may not result in accurate reporting of information 

D  It does not reflect the way participants actually behave in everyday life

A  Is useful for studying behaviors that investigators rarely have an opportunity to see in everyday life.

B  Allows researchers to see directly the behavior of interest as it occurs in everyday setting 

C  Yields richly detailed narratives that offer valuable insight into the many factors that affect development 

D  Permits participants to display their thoughts in terms that are so close as possible to the way they think in everyday life

A  Uses a flexible, conversational style to probe for the participants point of view 

B  Sets up a laboratory situation that evokes the behavior of interest

C  Goes into the field and records the behavior of interest 

D  Asks each participant the same set of questions in the same way

A  Theories

B  Research designs 

C  Hypothesis

D  Research methods

A  Psychosexual 

B  Behaviorism 

C  Psychosocial

D  Cognitive- Developmental

A  its emphasis on understanding the individuals unique life history

B  the ease of empirically testing its ideas

C  Its use of a wide variety of research methods

D  the clarity of the concept of ego functioning

A  Primarily focused on the importance of early life experiences

B  Pointed out the normal development must be understood in relation to each culture’s life situation

C  Minimized the role of culture in individual development 

D  viewed children as taking a more active role in their own development 

A  Was eventually criticized because it underemphasized the influence of sexual feelings in development

B  Applied in all cultures 

C  Ignored personality development

D  Was the first to stress the influence of the early parent-child relationship on development

A  On the basis of his adult patients’ memories of painful childhood events 

B  On the basis of interviews with institutionalized children and adolescents 

C  By conducting studies of animal behavior 

D  By carefully observing his own children

A  Actively explore the environment

B  Confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations 

C  Acquire increasingly complex information-processing skills

D  model the behavior of parents and other caregivers 

A   Launching the normative approach

B  Conduction child observations and parent interviews

C  Constructing the first successfully intelligence test

D  Writing the first parenting books 

A  Nonnormative

B  Genetic

C  Normative

D  Psychometric

A  Were the forefathers of psychoanalytic theory

B  Inspired Charles Darwin’s research 

C  Constructed the first standardized intelligence test

D  Regarded development as a maturational process

A  Charles Darwin

B  Arnold Gesell

C  Benjamin Spock

D  G. Stanley Hall

A  Psychosocial theory

B   Normative approach 

C  Theory of evolution

D  Psychoanalytic theory

A  Include age-graded and history-graded influences

B  Do not follow a predictable timetable

C  Affect large numbers of people in a similar way

D  Are typical or average

A  Vocational success over family obligations

B  Political aspirations, financial wealth and personal achievements

C  Marriage at an early age and a focus on family responsibilities 

D  The search for personal meaning, self-expression, and social responsibility 

A  Age-graded influences become more powerful with age

B  History-graded influences are normative

C  Age-graded influences become more powerful with age

D  History- graded influences are fairly predictable as to when they occur

A  Ana, a child who has no strong bond with an adult

B  Jaynie, a shy, emotionally reactive child

C  Jack, a highly intelligent athlete

D  Ari, a temperamental artist

A  Plasticity 

B  Assimilation 

C  Stamina

D  Resilience 

A  Adolescence 

B  Early childhood

C  No single age range period

D  The parental period 

A  Continuous, rather than discontinuous 

B  Multidirectional and multidimensional

C  Static and stable

D  Largely the result of heredity

A  Having substantial plasticity 

B  Mostly stable

C  Driven by early life experiences

D  Mostly influenced by heredity

A  Stages

B  Nature

C  Nurture

D  Stability 

A  Early experiences

B  Nature

C  Stages

D  Nurture 

A  Continous- discontinuous

B  Stability- Plasticity

C  Nature-nurture 

D  Social-cognitive

A  Nature

B  Nurture

C  Discontinuous 

D  Continuous 

A  It is motivated largely by scientific curiosity 

B  Findings are used for practical purposes to improve people’s lives 

C  Investigators from a variety of fields collaborate on research projects

D  It deals with answering questions about development throughout the lifespan

A  Those factors that influence consistencies and transformations in people from conception to death.

B  Genetic factors that contribute to longevity

C  Those factors that lead to abnormal development in children and adolescents 

D  Genetic factors that contribute to longevity