Chapter 1 Quiz

A  Participants of the same age at the same point in time

B  The same group of participants repeatedly at different ages

C  Participants over the same ages but in different years

D  Groups of participants differencing in age at the same point in time 

A  Participants over the same ages but in different years

B  The same grow

C  Groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time 

D  Group of participants repeatedly at different ages

A  Longitudinal 

B  Cross-sectional 

C  Correlational

D  Sequential 

A  Cohort effects

B  Random assignment 

C  Biased sampling 

D  Practice effects 

A   Sequential 

B  Cross- sectional 

C  Longitudinal 

D  Correctional

A  Longitudinal 

B  Experimental 

C  Cross-sectional 

D  Correlational

A  Researchers study groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time

B  Participants are studied repeatedly, and changes are noted as they get older

C  Researchers study participants of the same age at the same point in time

D  Researchers study participants over the same ages but in different years

A  Correlational

B  Systematic 

C  Sequential

D  Random

A  Independent variable 

B  Control group

C  Dependent variable 

D  Correlation coefficient 

A  Correlational 

B  Observational 

C  Structural 

D  Experimental

A  The death of a spouse is related to a decline in the surviving partners health 

B  The death of a spouse causes a decline in the surviving partners health

C  A third variable, such as memory loss, causes a surviving partners decline in physical heath

D  A decline in a surviving partners physical health can cause the death of a spouse

A  Researchers randomly assign participants and manipulate their experiences 

B  Investigators cannot infer cause and effect

C  Age-related changes may be distorted 

D  Researchers cannot replicate the studies 

A  Variable

B  Correlational 

C  Experimental 

D  Observational 

A  Correlational, experimental 

B  Observational, experimental

C  Observational, correlational 

D  Variable, observational 

A  More likely than their age mates to miss school due to illness

B   The fastest growing sector of the U.S. youth population 

C  More likely that their age mates to have early sex

D  More likely than their age mates to commit delinquent and violent acts

A  Structured interview

B  Clinical interview 

C  Naturalistic observation

D  Clinical interview 

A  Only yes/no, multiple choice, and true/false questions

B  Questions in a large group of participants

C  The same set of questions in the same way to each research participant 

D  A different set of questions for each participant

A  Does not reflect the way participants think in everyday life

B  Only provides a small amount of information

C  May not result in accurate reporting of information 

D  Does not reveal depth of information

A  Can provide a large amount of information in a fairly brief period

B  Allows researchers to see the behavior of interest as it occurs in natural setting

C  Makes comparing individuals’ responses very easy 

D  Is directed toward understanding a culture or distinct social group 

A  Naturalistic observation

B  Naturalistic observation

C  Self-report

D  Structured observation

A  It may not result in accurate reporting of information 

B  Not all participants have the same opportunity to display a particular behavior in everyday life

C  It does not reflect the way participants actually behave in everyday life

D  it tells more about the participants’ reasoning and motivation than it does about their typical behavior 

A  Is useful for studying behaviors that investigators rarely have an opportunity to see in everyday life.

B  Allows researchers to see directly the behavior of interest as it occurs in everyday setting 

C  Yields richly detailed narratives that offer valuable insight into the many factors that affect development 

D  Permits participants to display their thoughts in terms that are so close as possible to the way they think in everyday life

A  Sets up a laboratory situation that evokes the behavior of interest

B  Asks each participant the same set of questions in the same way

C  Goes into the field and records the behavior of interest 

D  Uses a flexible, conversational style to probe for the participants point of view 

A  Hypothesis

B  Research methods

C  Research designs 

D  Theories

A  Psychosocial

B  Behaviorism 

C  Cognitive- Developmental

D  Psychosexual 

A  the ease of empirically testing its ideas

B  the clarity of the concept of ego functioning

C  its emphasis on understanding the individuals unique life history

D  Its use of a wide variety of research methods

A  Minimized the role of culture in individual development 

B  Pointed out the normal development must be understood in relation to each culture’s life situation

C  Primarily focused on the importance of early life experiences

D  viewed children as taking a more active role in their own development 

A  Applied in all cultures 

B  Was the first to stress the influence of the early parent-child relationship on development

C  Ignored personality development

D  Was eventually criticized because it underemphasized the influence of sexual feelings in development

A  By carefully observing his own children

B  By conducting studies of animal behavior 

C  On the basis of his adult patients’ memories of painful childhood events 

D  On the basis of interviews with institutionalized children and adolescents 

A  Actively explore the environment

B  Acquire increasingly complex information-processing skills

C  model the behavior of parents and other caregivers 

D  Confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations 

A   Launching the normative approach

B  Writing the first parenting books 

C  Constructing the first successfully intelligence test

D  Conduction child observations and parent interviews

A  Normative

B  Nonnormative

C  Psychometric

D  Genetic

A  Constructed the first standardized intelligence test

B  Inspired Charles Darwin’s research 

C  Regarded development as a maturational process

D  Were the forefathers of psychoanalytic theory

A  G. Stanley Hall

B  Benjamin Spock

C  Charles Darwin

D  Arnold Gesell

A   Normative approach 

B  Psychoanalytic theory

C  Psychosocial theory

D  Theory of evolution

A  Are typical or average

B  Affect large numbers of people in a similar way

C  Do not follow a predictable timetable

D  Include age-graded and history-graded influences

A  The search for personal meaning, self-expression, and social responsibility 

B  Marriage at an early age and a focus on family responsibilities 

C  Vocational success over family obligations

D  Political aspirations, financial wealth and personal achievements

A  History- graded influences are fairly predictable as to when they occur

B  Age-graded influences become more powerful with age

C  Age-graded influences become more powerful with age

D  History-graded influences are normative

A  Ana, a child who has no strong bond with an adult

B  Jack, a highly intelligent athlete

C  Ari, a temperamental artist

D  Jaynie, a shy, emotionally reactive child

A  Assimilation 

B  Plasticity 

C  Stamina

D  Resilience 

A  No single age range period

B  Early childhood

C  Adolescence 

D  The parental period 

A  Multidirectional and multidimensional

B  Static and stable

C  Largely the result of heredity

D  Continuous, rather than discontinuous 

A  Mostly influenced by heredity

B  Mostly stable

C  Driven by early life experiences

D  Having substantial plasticity 

A  Stability 

B  Nurture

C  Nature

D  Stages

A  Nurture 

B  Stages

C  Nature

D  Early experiences

A  Stability- Plasticity

B  Continous- discontinuous

C  Social-cognitive

D  Nature-nurture 

A  Nurture

B  Discontinuous 

C  Continuous 

D  Nature

A  It deals with answering questions about development throughout the lifespan

B  Findings are used for practical purposes to improve people’s lives 

C  Investigators from a variety of fields collaborate on research projects

D  It is motivated largely by scientific curiosity 

A  Those factors that lead to abnormal development in children and adolescents 

B  Genetic factors that contribute to longevity

C  Genetic factors that contribute to longevity

D  Those factors that influence consistencies and transformations in people from conception to death.