Chapter 15, 16, 17, and 18 Final Exam

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Question #1

Tilda, age 83, is actively engaged with her family and community. She enjoys close friendships and leads a fulfilling daily life. Tilda fits the contemporary view of

A stagnation.

B optimal aging.

C gerotranscendence.

D generativity.

Question #2

__________ is usually the first consideration in the decision to retire.

A Availability of self-employment

B Which leisure activities to pursue

C Affordability of retirement

D Availability of a bridge job

Question #3

The worse the caregiver–recipient relationship, the __________ the risk of __________.

A smaller; physical abuse

B greater; elder abuse of all kinds

C smaller; emotional abuse

D smaller; neglect

Question #4

__________ are the most frequently reported types of elder abuse.

A Physical neglect, sexual abuse, and financial abuse

B Financial abuse, emotional abuse, and physical neglect

C Sexual abuse, financial abuse, and physical abuse

D Physical abuse, sexual abuse, and physical neglect

Question #5

As Jane grows older, she feels closer to her siblings and more connected with her spouse. At 85, her contact with acquaintances has diminished and she is left with a few very close relationships. She is not terribly interested in forming any new social ties. Jane’s behavior is consistent with __________ theory.

A activity

B disengagement

C continuity

D socioemotional selectivity

Question #6

According to __________ theory, older adults’ life satisfaction depends on conditions that permit them to remain engaged in roles and relationships.

A socioemotional selectivity

B activity

C continuity

D disengagement

Question #7

According to disengagement theory, society

A views seniors as incapable of benefiting from social engagement.

B encourages older people to disengage from social settings to focus their energies on family members.

C allows older adults to give up their preoccupation with their inner lives and focus on others.

D allows the old to withdraw by freeing them from employment and family responsibilities.

Question #8

Religious involvement is especially high in African-American communities because

A family ties are often strained and unfulfilling.

B there are few other community resources available to them.

C churches are an important source of financial support for African-American seniors.

D African-American seniors look to religion as a powerful resource for social support beyond the family.

Question #9

Which of the following statements about spirituality and religiosity in late adulthood is true?

A The late-life increase in religiosity is universal.

B Contrary to popular belief, U.S. seniors generally become less religious with age.

C Spirituality may advance to a higher level—away from prescribed beliefs.

D Older adults typically attach little value to religious beliefs and behaviors.

Question #10

Reggie feels he made many wrong decisions, yet time is too short to find an alternate route to integrity. Reggie is experiencing

A stagnation.

B despair.

C isolation.

D ego differentiation.

Question #11

Adults who arrive at a sense of integrity feel

A proud, but incomplete.

B like something is missing.

C satisfied with their achievements.

D life regrets.

Question #12

Francine is emotionally mature. She has broad practical knowledge and is able to apply that knowledge in ways that make life worthwhile. Francine displays

A fluid intelligence.

B crystallized intelligence.

C generativity.

D wisdom.

Question #13

__________ is associated with a decreased risk of Alzheimer’s disease.

A Having a higher education

B Having Down syndrome

C Taking ginko biloba

D Taking folic acid

Question #14

Marion has just learned that her brain contains an abundance of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques. Marion’s doctors are probably concerned that she has

A Alzheimer’s disease.

B had a stroke.

C Parkinson’s disease.

D Huntington’s disease.

Question #15

Which of the following statements about exercise in late adulthood is true?

A Brain scans show that physically fit older people experience more tissue loss in the cerebral cortex.

B Weight-bearing exercise promotes muscle size and strength, even if begun as late as age 90.

C Good nutrition and physical activity are only beneficial when they are lifelong habits.

D “Taking it easy” is the best treatment for many chronic diseases.

Question #16

Regularly eating __________ high in polyunsaturated fatty acids offers some protection against mental disabilities.

A fish

B beef

C fruit

D vegetables

Question #17

According to Rita’s eye doctor, she may go blind. The light-sensitive cells in the central region of her retina are breaking down, causing her central vision to blur. Rita is developing

A glaucoma.

B monochromacy.

C macular degeneration.

D cataracts.

Question #18

Betty, age 77, needs assistance with food preparation, housekeeping, and paying her bills. Betty cannot carry out some

A instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs).

B secondary activities of active functioning (SAAFs).

C primary activities of active functioning (PAAFs).

D activities of daily living (ADLs).

Question #19

Which of the following statements about the maximum lifespan for humans is true?

A The longest-lived person, whose age could be documented, was a woman who lived to 112 years.

B Some scientists say that 122 years is the upper bound of human longevity, while others say that it can be extended.

C Scientists agree that it is more important to extend the maximum lifespan than the average healthy life expectancy.

D In the United States, the maximum lifespan for women is 81 years and for men is 76 years.

Question #20

Robust centenarians usually have

A highly pessimistic personalities.

B brain pathology, atherosclerosis, or immune-deficiency disorders.

C little or no history of community involvement.

D efficiently functioning immune systems.

Question #21

Which of the following statements about life expectancy is true?

A When researchers estimate average healthy life expectancy, the United States ranks first among industrialized nations.

B In the United States, an African-American child born in 2010 is likely to live 3 to 6 years longer than a Caucasian child.

C Length and quality of life can be predicted by a country’s health care, housing, and social services, along with lifestyle factors.

D The gender gap in life expectancy has widened in industrialized nations since the early 1970s.

Question #22

Which of the following statements about friendship for 43-year-old Janet and 51-year-old Brendan is probably true?

A Janet has more friends than she did in early adulthood.

B Both Janet and Brendan have become more selective about their friendships.

C Brendan has more friends than he did in early adulthood.

D Brendan’s friends protect him against serious threats and losses.

Question #23

Which of the following statements about caring for aging parents is true?

A Sons feel more obligated than daughters to care for their aging parents.

B Nearly one-fourth of American working women are caregivers; others quit their jobs to provide care.

C In all ethnic groups, responsibility for providing care to aging parents falls more on sons than on daughters.

D Employed men spend an average of 10 to 20 hours per week caring for parents or parents-in-law.

Question #24

Which of the following statements about divorce in midlife is true?

A The U.S. divorce rate is lowest during midlife.

B Because adults in midlife are psychologically more stable, marital satisfaction is less relevant.

C The divorce rate of U.S. 50- to 65-year-olds has fallen over the past 20 years.

D Midlifers seem to adapt to divorce more easily than younger people.

Question #25

Individuals who are low in conscientiousness are

A ruthless, suspicious, stingy, critical, and irritable.

B calm, even-tempered, self-content, unemotional, and hardy.

C negligent, lazy, disorganized, late, aimless, and nonpersistent.

D talkative, passive, sober, passionate, and conservative.

Question #26

Monica is ruthless, suspicious, stingy, antagonistic, critical, and irritable. Monica is low in

A agreeableness.

B openness to experience.

C conscientiousness.

D neuroticism.

Question #27

Individuals who are high in openness to experience are

A imaginative, creative, original, curious, and liberal.

B worrying, temperamental, self-pitying, and vulnerable.

C soft-hearted, trusting, generous, and good-natured.

D affectionate, talkative, active, and passionate.

Question #28

Kimberly tends to worry a lot. She is temperamental, emotional, and vulnerable. She is high on which of the following “big five” personality traits?

A agreeableness

B extroversion

C openness to experience

D neuroticism

Question #29

During middle adulthood, __________ may contribute to the increase in effective coping.

A greater confidence in handling life’s problems

B being perceived as wise by younger people

C professional and financial stability

D lowered expectations for family and friends

Question #30

Which of the following middle-aged adults is the most likely to be stagnant?

A James, who volunteers at a local children’s theater

B Allison, who is a mentor in her workplace

C Jonathan, who volunteers at a teen crisis center

D Barbara, who spends little time with her grown children

Question #31

Martin, age 47, is single and has no children. Which of the following of Martin’s activities reflects generativity?

A Martin participates in community theater and starred in a local production of Guys and Dolls.

B Martin volunteers at the YMCA as a basketball coach for the youth program.

C Martin works out at the gym three evenings a week and runs every night.

D Martin attends worship services two times per week and participates in a Bible study group.

Question #32

Adult learners who report high psychological stress typically are

A married women with nonsupportive partners.

B high-SES men and women.

C single men.

D single women.

Question #33

__________ either remains unchanged or increases into midlife.

A Inhibition

B The ability to switch between mental operations

C Retrieval from long-term memory

D General factual knowledge

Question #34

Kay displays a committed, involved approach to daily activities. She regards most experiences as controllable and she views change as a challenge. Kay displays

A hardiness.

B resilience.

C a Type B behavior pattern.

D a Type A behavior pattern.

Question #35

Which of the following statements about exercise in middle adulthood is true?

A Nearly 40 percent of U.S. middle-aged adults are sedentary.

B An important outcome of starting an exercise program is weight loss.

C Overweight adults are more likely than normal-weight adults to stick to group classes.

D Regular exercise equips adults to handle stress more effectively.

Question #36

Brenda deals with stress by taking long baths and watching movies. She uses __________ coping.

A emotion-centered

B relaxation-centered

C holistic

D problem-centered

Question #37

Jane is critical and condescending towards her colleagues. She can be rude and is prone to angry outbursts. Jane’s __________ is associated with greater cardiovascular arousal, coronary artery plaque buildup, and heart disease.

A suppressed overt anger

B socially submissive emotional style

C expressed hostility

D passive-aggressiveness

Question #38

Current evidence pinpoints __________ as a “toxic” ingredient of the Type A behavior pattern.

A hostility

B ambition

C competitiveness

D productivity

Question #39

Which of the following statements about cancer is true?

A Survival rates are relatively high for pancreatic cancer.

B Annual medical exams do little to reduce cancer death rates.

C Colon cancer is the leading killer of men.

D Prostate cancer is the leading malignancy for men.

Question #40

Most women with breast cancer

A have had two or more children.

B do not have a family history.

C do not live past age 75.

D die from the disease.

Question #41

Lung cancer

A rates have dropped in women over the past two decades.

B is the leading malignancy for both genders.

C rates have just begun to decrease in men after a long period of increase.

D is the most common cause of cancer deaths in both genders, worldwide.

Question #42

From early to middle adulthood, the cancer death rate

A triples.

B multiplies sixfold.

C multiplies tenfold.

D quadruples.

Question #43

The leading causes of U.S. deaths in middle age are __________ and __________.

A falls; motor vehicle collisions

B falls; cardiovascular disease

C motor vehicle collisions; cancer

D cancer; cardiovascular disease

Question #44

__________ with age, but the change is minimal in healthy men who continue to engage in sexual activity.

A Motility of sperm increases

B Testosterone production declines

C Blood flow to the penis increases

D Testosterone production increases

Question #45

When more than 2,000 U.S. women were asked what their feelings were about no longer menstruating, 60 percent said they felt

A depressed.

B relieved.

C old.

D ashamed.

Question #46

Which of the following women is the most likely to reach menopause the earliest?

A Mei Wu, who has borne three children

B Yessica, who has borne one child

C Maryann, who has borne five children

D Lisa, who has not borne children

Question #47

Jeanine is 55 years old. According to her doctor, Jeanine’s reproductive capacity has ended. She has reached the midlife reproductive transition called

A the climacteric.

B senescence.

C HRT.

D menarche.

Question #48

To offset both excess weight and muscle loss, people should

A engage in weight-bearing exercise that includes resistance training.

B engage in endurance training that focuses on raising heart rate.

C gradually add more carbohydrates and fat to their diet.

D gradually increase their caloric intake.

Question #49

The first sign of presbycusis is

A a noticeable hearing loss at high frequencies.

B wrinkling and loosening of the skin.

C a buildup of pressure within the eye.

D an “age spot.”

Question #50

According to his eye doctor, 60-year-old Bobby has developed a condition called presbyopia. This means that

A the vitreous has developed opaque areas, reducing light to the retina.

B his vision is more disputed by bright light sources, such as headlights.

C the size of his pupil has shrunk and the lens has yellowed.

D the lens has lost its capacity to adjust to objects at varying distances entirely.

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Chapter 15, 16, 17, and 18 Final Exam

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