Chapters 11,12,13,14 Exam

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Question #1

Identity-__________ individuals lack clear direction. They are not committed to values or goals, nor are they actively trying to reach them.

A foreclosed

B achieved

C delayed

D diffused

Question #2

The imaginary audience is adolescents’ belief that they are

A special and unique.

B boring and ordinary.

C idealistic and overly critical.

D the focus of everyone else’s attention and concern

Question #3

According to Piaget, around age 11 young people enter the __________ stage.

A formal operational

B preoperational

C concrete operational

D sensorimotor

Question #4

Which of the following statements about adolescent mothers is true?

A Today, about 95 percent of U.S. adolescent mothers graduate from high school.

B Teenage mothers spend more of their parenting years as single parents.

C Very few teen mothers experience pregnancy and birth complications.

D Many teen mothers perceive their babies as less difficult.

Question #5

The majority of gay, lesbian, and bisexual individuals accept their sexual identity by the __________ of __________.

A end; middle childhood

B beginning; adolescence

C beginning; middle childhood

D end; adolescence

Question #6

Parents who __________ are more likely to gain in marital interaction, feel competent as parents, use effective child-rearing practices, and have children who are developing well.

A engage in effective coparenting

B delay childbirth until their thirties

C have traditional gender roles around the home

D attend couples’ therapy

Question #7

__________ eases the transition to parenthood.

A Having the first child within the first year or two of marriage

B Postponing childbearing until the late twenties or thirties

C Relying on extended family for financial support

D Reverting to traditional gender roles of husband and wife

Question #8

Which of the following couples is the most likely to report high marital satisfaction?

A Clark and Marian, who were both 19 when they got married

B Roger and Daisy, who maintain distance from extended family

C David and Veronica, who had a child together before they got married

D Peter and Linda, who share family responsibilities

Question #9

Departure from the parental home in early adulthood

A occurs at an earlier age than in the past.

B is a major step toward assuming adult responsibilities.

C is one phase of the family life cycle that all adults experience.

D is usually permanent, with few young adults returning home.

Question #10

Robert Sternberg’s __________ identifies three components—intimacy, passion, and commitment—that shift in emphasis as romantic relationships develop.

A triangular theory of love

B intimacy versus isolation stage

C seasons of love theory

D adaptation to life theory

Question #11

With regard to romantic love,

A partners who are similar in personality are more likely to stay together.

B strong support exists for the idea that “opposites attract.”

C men prefer a same-age or slightly older partner.

D partners with similar attributes tend to be less satisfied with their relationship.

Question #12

Ingredients of effective rape intervention include

A reinforcing rape myths.

B supporting gender stereotypes with evidence.

C safety planning, but only if the abuser is still present.

D teaching social skills and social awareness.

Question #13

Which of the following statements about the sex lives of American adults is true?

A Most married adults say they are only somewhat happy with their sex lives.

B People who engage in casual dating have the most physically satisfying sex lives.

C More men than women report persistent sexual problems.

D As number of sex partners increases, satisfaction declines sharply.

Question #14

Weight-loss maintainers are more likely than individuals who relapse to

A use social support and to be conscious of their behavior.

B sincerely believe that they eat less than they do.

C restrict their weight-reduction plan to no longer than 25 weeks.

D believe that only temporary lifestyle changes are needed.

Question #15

Obesity

A is not treatable.

B drops in early and middle adulthood.

C is a personal choice.

D is strongly associated with serious health problems.

Question #16

A decreases in percentage of normal sperm after age 25.

B decreases in semen volume and sperm motility after age 35.

C increases in number of ova, but decreases in ova quality.

D consistent changes in the uterus after age 35.

Question #17

Maximum vital lung capacity

A increases by 10 percent per decade after age 25.

B declines by 10 percent per decade after age 25.

C remains constant until about age 50.

D declines by 5 percent per decade throughout the lifespan.

Question #18

Ethan’s blood pressure is higher than normal. This means that Ethan suffers from

A angina.

B hypertension.

C atherosclerosis.

D arrhythmia.

Question #19

Changes of aging in __________ are twice as rapid for men as for women.

A hearing

B the muscular system

C the cardiovascular system

D vision

Question #20

Which of the following statements about changes in vision in adulthood is true?

A The muscles controlling the pupil weaken.

B The lens narrows and becomes more elastic.

C Visual acuity increases.

D Color discrimination improves.

Question #21

Which of the following statements about the prevention and treatment of suicide is true?

A It is nearly impossible to prevent adolescent suicide, as teenagers rarely exhibit warning signs around adults.

B Gun-control legislation that restricts the availability of firearms to adolescents has little impact on suicide rates.

C Parents and teachers must be trained to pick up on the signals that a troubled teenager sends.

D Parents should not be concerned about teenagers’ commenting, “I wish I were dead,” because adolescents are overly dramatic.

Question #22

Which of the following statements about adolescent depression is true?

A Heredity plays little to no role in adolescent depression.

B Chronic depression affects 15 to 20 percent of U.S. teenagers.

C Depression is the most common psychological problem of adolescence.

D Boys are more likely than girls to report a depressed mood.

Question #23

During adolescence,

A formal religious involvement tends to decline.

B formal religious involvement tends to increase.

C most young people reject the idea of a “higher being.”

D church attendance becomes a major source of parent–child conflict.

Question #24

At Kohlberg’s __________ level, behaviors that result in punishment are viewed as bad, whereas those that lead to rewards are seen as good.

A universal ethical

B conventional

C postconventional

D preconventional

Question #25

Society can help minority adolescents resolve identity conflicts by

A ensuring that they learn English, rather than retaining their native language.

B discouraging contact with peers of the same ethnicity and encouraging assimilation.

C encouraging them to explore the meaning of ethnicity in their lives.

D encouraging them to reject the dominant culture until they establish ethnic identity.

Question #26

When Antonio is asked about his plans for the future, he says he might want to be a lawyer like his mother. However, he is continuing to explore and learn about other professions. Antonio is displaying characteristics of identity

A foreclosure.

B moratorium.

C diffusion.

D achievement.

Question #27

Sixteen-year-old Garrett feels that he has a great relationship with his mother, with whom he feels free to have spirited discussions about politics and religion. Garrett is likely to be in a state of identity

A moratorium.

B achievement.

C diffusion.

D foreclosure.

Question #28

Mallory accepts her parents’ political beliefs without question. She is characterized by identity

A foreclosure.

B diffusion.

C achievement.

D moratorium.

Question #29

For most young people, identity development is not traumatic and disturbing, but, rather, a process of

A experimentation and error.

B exploration followed by commitment.

C forming an ideal self.

D an identity crisis and a resolution.

Question #30

According to Erikson, if the psychological conflict of adolescence is resolved negatively, a young person experiences

A role confusion.

B inferiority.

C isolation.

D mistrust.

Question #31

Horatio, age 17, took his parents’ car without asking last Friday. He did not get in an accident, and he did not get caught. Which of the following statements is the most likely to be true?

A Horatio will rate the risks of taking his parents’ car without asking higher than peers who have not tried it.

B Horatio will rate the benefits of taking his parents’ car without asking lower than peers who have not tried it.

C Horatio will be less likely in the future to take his parents’ car without asking than peers who have not tried it.

D Horatio will be more likely in the future to take his parents’ car without asking than peers who have not tried it.

Question #32

When 14-year-old Lorie thinks about the future, she is sure that she will be wealthy and well-known, not ordinary like everyone else in her small town. Lorie’s feeling that she is special and unique is known as

A the personal fable.

B hypothetico-deductive reasoning.

C the imaginary audience.

D metacognition.

Question #33

Which of the following situations is the best example of the imaginary audience?

A Harry believes that he will never have a car accident because he is a better driver than most people.

B When her fork falls off her tray in the cafeteria, Hannah is certain that everyone is thinking that she is clumsy.

C Benny goes to the Friday night football game with a group of friends and cheers as loud as anyone else.

D When Riley fails to make the volleyball team, she believes that no one has ever felt so disappointed.

Question #34

Piaget believed that at adolescence, young people first become capable of

A transitive inference.

B practical intelligence.

C animistic thinking.

D hypothetico-deductive reasoning.

Question #35

Which of the following substances do U.S. adolescents most often experiment with during high school?

A cigarettes

B marijuana

C cocaine

D alcohol

Question #36

Effective sex education programs

A last only a few sessions.

B teach techniques for handling sexual situations.

C do not encourage the use of contraceptives.

D focus on promoting the value of abstinence

Question #37

Children born to teenage mothers

A fare better if the teenage parent drops out of high school.

B often become adolescent parents.

C have a better chance of graduating high school than children of adult mothers.

D score higher on intelligence tests than children of adult mothers.

Question #38

Research suggests that __________ and __________ are important contributors to homosexuality.

A social influences; genetic factors

B genetic factors; prenatal biological influences

C personal choice; prenatal biological influences

D genetic factors; authoritarian child rearing

Question #39

Most gay, lesbian, or bisexual youths experience

A same-sex physical attraction, on average, between ages 6 and 8.

B gender confusion and sexual questioning.

C an inner struggle that is intensified by a lack of role models and social support.

D earlier intercourse than their heterosexual agemates.

Question #40

Which of the following statements about contraceptive use in adolescence is true?

A Even teenagers who report talking openly with their parents about sex are unlikely to use birth control.

B School sex education classes prevent teenagers from having unprotected sex.

C About 14 percent of sexually active U.S. teenagers do not use contraception consistently.

D Adolescent contraceptive use has decreased in recent years.

Question #41

__________ increases the likelihood that teenagers will be sexually active

A Living in an economically privileged home

B Experiencing later puberty

C Living in a high-crime neighborhood

D Having higher educational aspirations

Question #42

Which of the following statements about anorexia nervosa is true?

A Anorexia nervosa is equally common in all SES groups.

B Although being anorexic is unhealthy, it is rarely fatal.

C Boys account for less than 1 percent of anorexia cases.

D About 10 percent of North American and Western European teenagers are affected.

Question #43

Follow-ups reveal that __________ are especially prone to lasting difficulties.

A late-maturing boys

B early-maturing girls

C late-maturing girls

D early-maturing boys

Question #44

Parent–adolescent disagreements focus largely on __________, such as __________.

A moral issues; lying, stealing, and cheating

B everyday matters; driving, dating partners, and curfews

C important family values; a belief in a higher power

D school issues; the importance of education

Question #45

Sleep-deprived adolescents

A perform better on cognitive tasks in the morning hours.

B display increases in executive function.

C are less likely to engage in high-risk behaviors.

D are more likely to suffer from anxiety and depression

Question #46

During puberty, as neurons become more responsive to excitatory neurotransmitters, adolescents

A have difficulty storing and retrieving long-term memories.

B become capable of reading and interpreting emotional cues.

C cope better with stressful events and rarely experience negative emotion.

D react more strongly to stressful events and experience pleasurable stimuli more intensely.

Question #47

In the United States and a few European countries, __________ are responsible for a modest, continuing trend toward earlier menarche.

A increased rates of infectious disease

B soaring rates of overweight and obesity

C lack of standardized health care and high poverty rates

D eating disorders, such as anorexia and bulimia,

Question #48

Which of the following girls is the most likely to experience puberty at the earliest age?

A Chandra, who lives in a conflict-ridden family

B Mary, who eats very little

C Abbie, who is in a rigorous gymnastics training program

D Ashley, who is impoverished

Question #49

Which of the following is a secondary sexual characteristic?

A pubic hair

B ovaries

C testes

D scrotum

Question #50

Rachel wonders what signs will indicate the onset of puberty in her daughter. You can tell her that her daughter’s puberty will probably begin with

A the budding of the breasts and the growth spurt.

B the growth of underarm hair.

C extreme and unpredictable moodiness.

D menarche.

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Chapters 11,12,13,14 Exam

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