Chapters 1,2,3,4,5, 6 Exam

A  zygote

B  phenotype

C  smitosis

D  DNA

A  low parental IQ

B  highly inadequate caregiving

C  the absence of siblings

D  single parenting

A  clung to the soft terry-cloth surrogate.

B  developed an attachment to both surrogates.

C  did not develop an attachment to either surrogate.

D  usually developed an attachment to the wire-mesh surrogate.

A  a parent’s temperament; financial resources

B  attachment quality; temperament

C  attachment quality; child-care experiences

D  child-rearing conditions; a child’s temperament

A  quickly establishes regular routines in infancy and adapts easily to new experiences.

B  is generally cheerful and is slow to accept new experiences.

C  is inactive and shows mild, low-key reactions to environmental stimuli.

D  is irregular in daily routines and tends to react negatively and intensely.

A  emotions that involve injury to or enhancement of our sense of self.

B  early-appearing, stable individual differences in reactivity and self-regulation.

C  the strategies we use to adjust our emotional state to a comfortable level of intensity.

D  quickness and intensity of emotional arousal, attention, and motor activity.

A  involves the use of strategies to adjust an emotional state to a comfortable level of intensity.

B  involves actively seeking emotional information from a trusted person.

C  is a built-in, automatic process that governs emotional response.

D  does not emerge until the preschool years.

A  envy, happiness, and disgust

B  embarrassment, pride, and interest

C  guilt, shame, and pride

D  shame, doubt, and surprise

A  They should slowly nod when Beckham eats fruit.

B  They should frown when Beckham does not eat fruit.

C  They should be unresponsive when Beckham eats fruit.

D  They should eat a lot of fruit and smile and say, “Yummy!” when Beckham eats fruit.

A  looks at his mother’s facial expression before touching an unfamiliar toy.

B  prefers one parent over the other.

C  cries when picked up by an unfamiliar adult.

D  screams with anger when he cannot reach a desired toy.

A  sleeps longer than most infants.

B  shows delays in motor and mental development.

C  tries to comfort his mother when she is sad.

D  produces low levels of the stress hormone cortisol.

A  Early intervention programs increase intelligence test scores during the school years, but the gains are not sustained beyond middle childhood.

B  The earlier intervention begins, the longer it lasts, and the greater its scope and intensity, the better participants’ performance is throughout childhood and adolescence.

C  Even with early intervention, most children born into economically disadvantaged families will not reach their full potential.

D  The U.S. Congress recently recognized the successes of early intervention and now fully funds all programs directed at low-income infants and toddlers.

A  engage their children in physical activity

B  talk to their infants and toddlers

C  provide an unstructured and chaotic physical setting

D  take part in coloring with crayons with their children

A  they cannot translate early preverbal memories into language.

B  they have most likely forgotten these early memories due to the passage of time.

C  long-term memory does not emerge until around age 7.

D  early memories are stored in an explicit memory system that is difficult to recall.

A  Recall; recognition

B  The sensory register; working memory

C  Habituation; recovery

D  Recognition; recall

A  Sensory processes

B  Executive functions

C  Permanent functions

D  Automatic processes

A  the primary circular reaction.

B  mental representation.

C  object permanence.

D  reflexive schemes.

A  accommodate; organize

B  organize; assimilate

C  assimilate; accommodate

D  organize; adapt

A  grasping

B  scribbling

C  crawling

D  tying their shoes

A  marasmus.

B  iron-deficiency anemia.

C  kwashiorkor.

D  nonorganic failure to thrive.

A  usually strikes after weaning.

B  is common in regions of the world where children get just enough calories from starchy foods.

C  is caused by an unbalanced diet very low in protein.

D  is caused by a diet low in all essential nutrients.

A  Avoid giving Angus foods loaded with salt and sugar.

B  Cut back on Angus’s protein throughout infancy and toddlerhood.

C  Give Angus foods containing saturated fats.

D  Give Angus formula the first six months.

A  less irritable during the first three months.

B  more irritable during the first three years.

C  heavier and longer at birth.

D  born later.

A  FAS babies catch up to agemates in physical size when provided with an enriched diet.

B  all fetuses are equally vulnerable to the damaging effects of prenatal alcohol exposure.

C  the impairments caused by heavy, regular alcohol use during pregnancy are reversible.

D  effects are caused by interfering with production of neurons in the neural tube and also cause many facial deformities.

A  both a and c

B  deformities of the arms and legs

C  below average intelligence

D  higher mental test scores

A  Cocaine

B  Heroin

C  Prescription drug use

D  Marijuana

A  Any environmental agent that causes damage during the prenatal period is a teratogen.

B  The harm done by teratogens is simple and straightforward.

C  Smaller doses over shorter time periods have more negative effects.

D  Teratogens have an equal impact on fetal development during each prenatal period.

A  is the point at which the baby can first survive if born early.

B  occurs sometime during the second trimester of pregnancy.

C  is the point at which the baby can be born without being premature.

D  occurs sometime between 18 and 21 weeks.

A  brain and central nervous system.

B  nervous system and skin.

C  digestive system, lungs, and urinary tract.

D  muscles and skeleton.

A  swells to form the brain.

B  grows slowly at first.

C  will become the structures that provide protective covering and nourishment.

D  develops into the nervous system and spinal cord.

A  is the prenatal period during which the groundwork is laid for all body structures and organs.

B  is the longest prenatal period.

C  lasts about two weeks.

D  lasts from implantation through the eighth week of pregnancy.

A  fallopian tubes.

B  ovaries.

C  uterus.

D  cervix.

A  Down

B  XYY

C  Turner

D  Klinefelter

A  have to be placed on a diet low in amino acid (protein)

B  need regular injections of insulin

C  require hormone therapy

D  require frequent blood transfusions

A  a carrier.

B  dominant–recessive.

C  recessive.

D  dominant.

A  autosome

B  gamete

C  allele

D  zygote

A  halves the number of chromosomes normally present in the body cells.

B  doubles the number of chromosomes normally present in the body cells.

C  results in dizygotic twins.

D  permits the chromosomes to copy themselves.

A  autosomes

B  gametes

C  alleles

D  phenotypes

A  genotypes

B  chromosomes

C  phenotypes

D  cells

A  karyotype

B  genotype

C  chromosome

D  phenotype

A  genotypes.

B  phenotypes.

C  alleles.

D  chromosomes.

A  preoperational

B  concrete operational

C  sensorimotor

D  formal operational

A  sensorimotor

B  concrete operational

C  formal operational

D  preoperational

A  cooperative diaglogues with adults and more expert peers.

B  reinforcing good behavior and punishing bad behavior.

C  pairing a neutral stimulus with a reflexive response to create a conditioned behavior.

D  imprinting on a mother-fugure during the critical period.

A  modeling.

B  punishment.

C  reinforcement.

D  classical conditioning.

A  primarily focused on the importance of early life experiences.

B  viewed children as taking a more active role in their own development.

C  minimized the role of culture in individual development.

D  pointed out that normal development must be understood in relation to each culture’s life situation.

A  actively explore the environment.

B  acquire increasingly complex information-processing skills.

C  confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations.

D  model the behavior of parents and other caregivers.