Chapters 1,2,3,4,5, 6 Exam

A  DNA

B  zygote

C  phenotype

D  smitosis

A  highly inadequate caregiving

B  single parenting

C  low parental IQ

D  the absence of siblings

A  clung to the soft terry-cloth surrogate.

B  did not develop an attachment to either surrogate.

C  developed an attachment to both surrogates.

D  usually developed an attachment to the wire-mesh surrogate.

A  attachment quality; child-care experiences

B  attachment quality; temperament

C  a parent’s temperament; financial resources

D  child-rearing conditions; a child’s temperament

A  is generally cheerful and is slow to accept new experiences.

B  quickly establishes regular routines in infancy and adapts easily to new experiences.

C  is inactive and shows mild, low-key reactions to environmental stimuli.

D  is irregular in daily routines and tends to react negatively and intensely.

A  emotions that involve injury to or enhancement of our sense of self.

B  the strategies we use to adjust our emotional state to a comfortable level of intensity.

C  early-appearing, stable individual differences in reactivity and self-regulation.

D  quickness and intensity of emotional arousal, attention, and motor activity.

A  involves actively seeking emotional information from a trusted person.

B  is a built-in, automatic process that governs emotional response.

C  involves the use of strategies to adjust an emotional state to a comfortable level of intensity.

D  does not emerge until the preschool years.

A  guilt, shame, and pride

B  shame, doubt, and surprise

C  envy, happiness, and disgust

D  embarrassment, pride, and interest

A  They should eat a lot of fruit and smile and say, “Yummy!” when Beckham eats fruit.

B  They should be unresponsive when Beckham eats fruit.

C  They should frown when Beckham does not eat fruit.

D  They should slowly nod when Beckham eats fruit.

A  screams with anger when he cannot reach a desired toy.

B  looks at his mother’s facial expression before touching an unfamiliar toy.

C  prefers one parent over the other.

D  cries when picked up by an unfamiliar adult.

A  shows delays in motor and mental development.

B  produces low levels of the stress hormone cortisol.

C  tries to comfort his mother when she is sad.

D  sleeps longer than most infants.

A  The U.S. Congress recently recognized the successes of early intervention and now fully funds all programs directed at low-income infants and toddlers.

B  Early intervention programs increase intelligence test scores during the school years, but the gains are not sustained beyond middle childhood.

C  Even with early intervention, most children born into economically disadvantaged families will not reach their full potential.

D  The earlier intervention begins, the longer it lasts, and the greater its scope and intensity, the better participants’ performance is throughout childhood and adolescence.

A  talk to their infants and toddlers

B  take part in coloring with crayons with their children

C  provide an unstructured and chaotic physical setting

D  engage their children in physical activity

A  long-term memory does not emerge until around age 7.

B  they have most likely forgotten these early memories due to the passage of time.

C  they cannot translate early preverbal memories into language.

D  early memories are stored in an explicit memory system that is difficult to recall.

A  Recall; recognition

B  The sensory register; working memory

C  Recognition; recall

D  Habituation; recovery

A  Permanent functions

B  Automatic processes

C  Sensory processes

D  Executive functions

A  reflexive schemes.

B  mental representation.

C  the primary circular reaction.

D  object permanence.

A  organize; assimilate

B  assimilate; accommodate

C  accommodate; organize

D  organize; adapt

A  scribbling

B  crawling

C  tying their shoes

D  grasping

A  iron-deficiency anemia.

B  kwashiorkor.

C  nonorganic failure to thrive.

D  marasmus.

A  is caused by a diet low in all essential nutrients.

B  usually strikes after weaning.

C  is common in regions of the world where children get just enough calories from starchy foods.

D  is caused by an unbalanced diet very low in protein.

A  Avoid giving Angus foods loaded with salt and sugar.

B  Give Angus formula the first six months.

C  Give Angus foods containing saturated fats.

D  Cut back on Angus’s protein throughout infancy and toddlerhood.

A  heavier and longer at birth.

B  less irritable during the first three months.

C  born later.

D  more irritable during the first three years.

A  all fetuses are equally vulnerable to the damaging effects of prenatal alcohol exposure.

B  FAS babies catch up to agemates in physical size when provided with an enriched diet.

C  effects are caused by interfering with production of neurons in the neural tube and also cause many facial deformities.

D  the impairments caused by heavy, regular alcohol use during pregnancy are reversible.

A  both a and c

B  higher mental test scores

C  below average intelligence

D  deformities of the arms and legs

A  Heroin

B  Cocaine

C  Prescription drug use

D  Marijuana

A  Any environmental agent that causes damage during the prenatal period is a teratogen.

B  The harm done by teratogens is simple and straightforward.

C  Smaller doses over shorter time periods have more negative effects.

D  Teratogens have an equal impact on fetal development during each prenatal period.

A  is the point at which the baby can first survive if born early.

B  is the point at which the baby can be born without being premature.

C  occurs sometime between 18 and 21 weeks.

D  occurs sometime during the second trimester of pregnancy.

A  brain and central nervous system.

B  nervous system and skin.

C  digestive system, lungs, and urinary tract.

D  muscles and skeleton.

A  swells to form the brain.

B  develops into the nervous system and spinal cord.

C  grows slowly at first.

D  will become the structures that provide protective covering and nourishment.

A  lasts from implantation through the eighth week of pregnancy.

B  is the longest prenatal period.

C  is the prenatal period during which the groundwork is laid for all body structures and organs.

D  lasts about two weeks.

A  fallopian tubes.

B  ovaries.

C  cervix.

D  uterus.

A  Down

B  Klinefelter

C  XYY

D  Turner

A  have to be placed on a diet low in amino acid (protein)

B  need regular injections of insulin

C  require frequent blood transfusions

D  require hormone therapy

A  dominant–recessive.

B  recessive.

C  a carrier.

D  dominant.

A  allele

B  zygote

C  gamete

D  autosome

A  halves the number of chromosomes normally present in the body cells.

B  permits the chromosomes to copy themselves.

C  doubles the number of chromosomes normally present in the body cells.

D  results in dizygotic twins.

A  phenotypes

B  alleles

C  gametes

D  autosomes

A  cells

B  genotypes

C  chromosomes

D  phenotypes

A  phenotype

B  chromosome

C  genotype

D  karyotype

A  alleles.

B  chromosomes.

C  phenotypes.

D  genotypes.

A  formal operational

B  preoperational

C  concrete operational

D  sensorimotor

A  concrete operational

B  formal operational

C  preoperational

D  sensorimotor

A  pairing a neutral stimulus with a reflexive response to create a conditioned behavior.

B  imprinting on a mother-fugure during the critical period.

C  reinforcing good behavior and punishing bad behavior.

D  cooperative diaglogues with adults and more expert peers.

A  modeling.

B  reinforcement.

C  classical conditioning.

D  punishment.

A  primarily focused on the importance of early life experiences.

B  pointed out that normal development must be understood in relation to each culture’s life situation.

C  minimized the role of culture in individual development.

D  viewed children as taking a more active role in their own development.

A  actively explore the environment.

B  confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations.

C  model the behavior of parents and other caregivers.

D  acquire increasingly complex information-processing skills.